Surgery can be signed by non-immediate family members, but in general, immediate family members need to sign. Legally speaking, the consent of surgery, anesthesia and power of attorney can be signed by the patient himself, but in practice, the hospital often requires the patient himself and his close relatives to sign the consent of surgery and anesthesia. The main purpose of the hospital is to avoid the risks that may be brought by the operation, and to prevent the troubles and disputes that the unpredictable risks in the operation may bring to the hospital and medical staff. The purpose of signing is for the hospital to fulfill its obligation to inform patients of the medical measures to be taken next, or the necessity and risks of surgery. If the patient signs, it means that he agrees with the hospital's surgical measures and is willing to take risks. In fact, the hospital is doing this to avoid medical disputes to the maximum extent.

Legal basis: Article 36 of the Interim Measures for Technical Appraisal of Medical Accidents.

The expert appraisal group shall comprehensively analyze the role of medical negligence in the consequences of medical accidents, the patient's original disease status and other factors to determine the degree of responsibility for medical negligence. The degree of responsibility for medical negligence in medical accidents is divided into:

(1) Full responsibility means that the damage consequences of medical accidents are completely caused by medical negligence.

(2) The main responsibility means that the damage consequences of medical accidents are mainly caused by medical negligence, and other factors play a secondary role.

(3) Secondary liability means that the damage consequences of medical accidents are mainly caused by other factors, and medical negligence plays a secondary role.

(4) Minor liability means that most of the damage consequences of medical accidents are caused by other factors, and medical negligence plays a secondary role.