Zhuge Liang (181-234 AD), Han nationality, was named Kongming, whose name was Wolong lay man. Born in yinan county, Shandong Province, he was an outstanding prime minister, statesman, strategist, essayist and diplomat of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period in China. Historical records record that he is eight feet tall, about 1.84 meters today. Zhuge Liang birthdates: Xin You, Bing Shen, Gui Chou, Ding Si.

Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu County (now yinan county, Shandong Province) in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (AD 181). Zhuge's family is a noble family of Langxie, and Zhuge Feng, the ancestor of Zhuge, was a captain of Si Li (the chief officer who defended the capital) in the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Jue, was named Jun Gong, and worked as a county official in Taishan at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's 3-year-old mother, Zhang, died of illness, and at the age of 8, he lost his father (9-year-old mother and 12-year-old father). Together with his sister and brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to his post in Yuzhang. Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao.

in the second year of Jian' an (ad 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his brother and sister lost their livelihood and moved to Nanyang. At the age of 17, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui from Bing Jing. He saw that Liu Biao was fatuous and incompetent, and he was not the master of the world, so he lived in seclusion in Longzhong Mountain, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, build house. This was in 197 AD. Zhuge Liang has lived in seclusion in Longzhong for ten years. He has made friends with celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River, "every time he compares himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi", loves to sing "Songs of Liang Fu" and makes friends with celebrities such as Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Si Mahui, Huang Chengyan, Shi Guangyuan, Cui Zhouping and Xu Shu. His ingenuity is recognized by everyone and he has the ambition to conquer the world. He pays close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knows the world situation like the back of his hand. Known as "Wolong". Marry the daughter of Huang Chengyan.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (AD 27), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the cottage and met with Zhuge Liang, asking about the plan of unifying the world. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of first seizing Jing and Yi as the base areas, reforming politics at home, uniting Sun Quan with foreign countries, comforting Yi and Yue in the south, waiting for the opportunity, and sending troops to the North to unify the whole country. This talk is. After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts were suddenly enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of rejuvenating the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang went out to assist Liu Bei, allied his grandson against Cao, and Battle of Red Cliffs defeated Cao Jun greatly. Form the trend of the three kingdoms and seize Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over the state affairs.

In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (A.D. 223), Liu Bei was dying in Yong 'an, and called Zhuge Liang to look after the funeral and said, "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the country and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can be supplemented, it will be supplemented; If he is incompetent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang cried quickly: "I will try my best to complement each other and be faithful to the festival until I die!" Empress acceded to the throne.

Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu Han, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was made the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. Establish a prime minister's office to handle daily affairs. At that time, the military, political and financial affairs of the whole country, big or small, were all decided by Zhuge Liang, with strict rewards and punishments. Foreign and Soochow alliance, improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China, open up wasteland and strengthen combat readiness. In the fifth year of Jianxing (A.D. 227), Shangshu (that is, the model) was in Liu Chan, and he led the army out of Hanzhong. He made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains before and after, mostly with food. Twelve years later, due to overwork, he died in the former army of Wuzhang, and entrusted Jiang Wei with his affairs.

Zhuge Liang is an orthodox thinker who upholds feudal laws and advocates Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang didn't stick to Confucian dogma. He respected the king but didn't harass foreigners. He entered the South China and comforted foreigners, and carried out the best ethnic policies among the three countries. Zhuge Liang became a model for later generations with the spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death".

China has portrayed Zhuge Liang as the embodiment of wisdom for thousands of years, and his legendary stories are told by the world. Zhuge Liang is skillful in strategy, resourceful and decisive, and skillful in thinking. Once innovated "Liancrossbow", which can fire 1 arrows continuously; Making "wooden cows and flowing horses" is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; He also deduced the art of war, made an "eight-array diagram" and invented the "Kongming Lantern".

Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was a famous person at that time. Zhuge Liang's brother Zhuge Jinshi was in Wu Sunquan, worshipped the general and Zuo Duhu, and led the Yuzhou animal husbandry. Liang's younger brother, Zhuge Dan, was an official in Wei, and he was an official in the Ministry of Official Affairs. He moved to Yangzhou Secretariat, Town East General and Sikong. The three brothers are famous, each in a country. At that time, I thought, "Shu is the dragon, Wu is the tiger, and Wei is the dog" ("Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pin Zao" notes that dogs are "meritorious dogs", and although they are not compared with dragons and tigers, they are also very meritorious, so they are famous.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition

After Zhuge Liang came to power, the first important thing to do was to restore diplomatic relations with Soochow. After Liu Bei's death, Soochow continued to be a vassal to Wei, but on the other hand, it had not made up its mind how to deal with Shu, and was still in the border of Shu. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi, a senior minister, to Dongwu to persuade Sun Quan to unite with Shu and sever ties with Wei.

At that time, during Liu Bei's eastward expedition, the counties in South China rebelled at the instigation of Dongwu, which seriously threatened the backyard of Shu Han. After Zhuge Liang came to power, he resumed diplomatic relations with Soochow and cut off foreign aid from South China. After two years of nursed back to health, Zhuge Liang wrote to his late master, determined to quell the rebellion in South China. In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (AD 225), Zhuge Liang led a large army to conquer Nanzhong in three ways. After the counter-insurgency battle, Zhuge Liang learned from the experience of "all the governors build their own forces" and divided the four counties in the south into six counties. Jianning County, the center of the rebellion, was divided into the smallest counties, and a large number of local officials were used to achieve the goal of not leaving troops and transporting food and grass, but also managing the area. More than 1, families of "Qing Qiang" in South China were recruited to enter Shu, and five cavalry units were formed with their youth and strength, which were called "flying troops": the commander-in-chief was set up to take charge of the military and political affairs in South China. In December of that year, Zhuge Liang led the army back to Chengdu.

In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Zhuge Liang went to the late master with the Book of Example and led his troops to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Gansu Longxi), Tianshui and Anding (Gansu Jichuan) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to bid for the war, and Cao Zhen supervised the right armies, adopting a strategy of giving priority to defense. The Shu army first threatened to capture the county by Xiegu Road, and made Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi lead an army as a suspected army according to Jigu (now northwest of Baocheng, Shaanxi Province), and Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and stationed in Jieting. Ma Su misdirected, defeated by Wei Jun, lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong (there is no such thing as an "empty city plan" to retreat Sima Yijun in official history). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears, wrote a letter to demote himself three times, and took the post of Prime Minister as a right general.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went out of the Great Sanguan Pass this time, besieged Chencang for more than 2 days, and all the food was gone. In the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition for the third time. The Shu army headed west, taking Wei Wudu and Yinping counties and returning. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

During this period, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Li Yan became the focus of attention. Originally, the two of them were entrusted by Liu Bei, and * * * was the auxiliary minister. Until the fourth year of Jianxing (AD 226), the relationship between them was relatively good, and Zhuge Liang also praised Li Yan in his letter with Mengda. But soon, Li Yan wrote to Zhuge Liang, suggesting that he should take advantage of the power of state affairs, become a king like Cao Cao, and accept the "Nine Tin", so that he could also get some benefits. Zhuge Liang was very angry about this and severely criticized Li Yan in his reply. Soon, before Zhuge Liang was about to attack Wei, he asked Li Yan to take his 2 thousand troops to guard Hanzhong. Li Yan bargained for Zhuge Liang to draw five counties from the eastern part of Yizhou to set up Jiangzhou, so that he could be the secretariat of Jiangzhou, which failed to mobilize. Zhuge Liang put the overall situation first and compromised; In the seventh year of lite, before Marco went to Dongwu, he specifically asked Zhuge Liang to report Li Yan's clever cheating, especially talking about some misdeeds of Li Yan when he was an official in his hometown in his early years, but it did not attract enough attention from Zhuge Liang. In the eighth year of Jianxing (AD 23), Cao Jun wanted to attack Shu in three ways. Zhuge Liang once again asked Li Yan to take 2, troops to Hanzhong, and Li Yan bargained again. Zhuge Liang immediately made concessions and appointed his son as Jiangzhou governor to take over the work after Li Yan was transferred. Only then did Li Yan carry out the transfer order. In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time, and ordered Li Yan to be in charge of logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang saying that the emperor ordered the withdrawal. After Zhuge Liang retired from the army, he lied to the court that the withdrawal was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked, "The rations are enough. Why did you suddenly retreat?" Therefore, Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letters as evidence in the court, signed them with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, removed him from Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong.

In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition, and left the oblique valley with a large army, according to Wuzhangyuan (now 4 miles south of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time, I made an appointment with Dongwu to attack Wei at the same time. However, Dongwu was slow to send his troops. Until May, Sun Quancai sent Lu Xun and Zhu Gejin to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Han Town, Hubei Province) to attack Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led an army around Hefei New Town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Dongwu first. He personally led the water army to March eastward, so that Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insisted on not fighting and let the Shu army's grain retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned the intention of Wei Zhu, he thought that his own side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons of the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled the field, intending to stay for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died suddenly at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army withdrew across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will before his death: "If you are buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave on the hillside, and the coffin can be placed in the grave. Wear ordinary clothes and don't bury objects. "

Zhuge Liang's Poems

Five Ancient Stories. Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Biography Tang Li Bai

There was a cloud season in the Han and Daoist Dynasties, and the heroes fought.

each of them has not been established, and the independent capital is heroic.

when you are red, you will get lucky, and when you are in Wolong, you will get lucky.

when it's in Nanyang, longmu bows and cultivates itself.

fish and water are combined, and the wind and cloud are everywhere.

the marquis of Wu established Min Shu, and his ambition was to swallow Xian Jing.

who promised first, but Cui Zhouping.

Yu yicao is a man among people, and he is quite fond of saving things.

the late journey is worth the jade, and the prosperity of China is the same.

I hope to be economical and make friends as brothers.

it's famous for thousands of years.

Shu Xiang Tang Du Fu

where is the temple of the famous Premier, in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk.

with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves.

the third summons weighted him with affairs of state, and to two generations he gave his true heart.

but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since!

eight arrays don du fu

the Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by his greatness, the Eight-Sided Fortress is founded on his fame.

beside the changing river, it stands stony as his grief, that he never conquered the Kingdom of Wu.

Tang Du Fu in the Pavilion Night

Several families cried and heard about the war, I see barbarian fishermen and woodcutters in the dawn.

sleeping-Dragon, Plunging-Horse, are no generals nowthey are dust, the personnel are reluctant and lonely.

Tang Du Fu, a monument dedicated to memory

zhuge's prestige transcends the earth, there is only reverence for his face.

yet his will, among the Three Kingdoms at war, was only as one feather against a flaming sky.

he was brother of men like Yi and Lu, and in time would have surpassed the greatest of all statesmen.

it's hard to recover from a good fortune, yet he wielded his mind for it, yielded his life.

Book Anger Song Lu You

When I was young, I knew that the world was difficult, and the Central Plains looked like a mountain in the north.

It snows in Guazhou at night, and the iron horse leaves the customs in the autumn wind.

if you are stuck in the Great Wall, you will be disappointed.

when you start your career, you can show your true name. Who is as good as you in a thousand years?

I have a feeling that Wen Tianxiang of Song Dynasty

had a long life, and he was imprisoned by the old Chu.

The old lovesickness is empty in Wan Li, but the wife and children are not full in Sanqiu.

I have no pity on Zhuge Long's liking, and I'll get the son to grow up in the lower reaches of the sky.

When Jiao Ran dies, there is no revenge, and the loyal soul is somewhat dark.

Wolong Ming is anonymous

If you are not promoted, you should remember when you are successful.

Only after the late Lord Ding Ning, the stars set in the autumn wind.

Zhuge Liang's couplets

are indifferent to their aspirations;

quiet and far-reaching.

—— The couplet given to Zhuge Caolu in Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Xu Ma and Kirin;

Western jackdaw is a husband and wife.

—— In Luo Guanzhong's Romance in China, Zhuge Liang was praised for his talent of learning from heaven and latitude.

a devious trick.

—— In Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu's oral ode is used to praise Zhuge Liang.

If you can attack the heart, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not belligerent;

if you don't judge the situation, it will be wrong to be lenient and strict. Later, you should think deeply about how to govern Shu.

—— Zhao Fan's "Attack on the Heart" couplet in Chengdu Wuhou Temple in Qing Dynasty

The Prime Minister was stationed in Malaysia that year;

the dragon is the dragon at the end of the river.

—— Anonymous title: Wuhou Temple in Ma Po, Qingliangshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

Recommend the public to build water;

listen to me.

—— Gu Xiaolian's title: Ma Po Wuhou Temple in Qingliangshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

Xu Xiandi rushed to connect with Wu Hui;

there are Confucian scholars who follow Yizhou in meteorology.

—— Liu Zhongcheng's title The Qingliangshan Temple in Ma Po, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

The scenery is still the same, and the celebrities once hung with clothes and water;

if the clouds are flying, the public is the capital of the thatched cottage.

—— Chen Zonglian's topic: Qingliangshan Temple in Ma Po, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

When it was stationed in Ma, it was a heavy passage, and the Mo Wen Canal made a remnant of the monument, and it was broken.

what about Wolong? I'm willing to wipe out other ethnic groups for me and open up the Qing dynasty.

—— Feng Menghua's topic: Ma Po Wuhou Temple in Qingliangshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

Mu Lun scarf and feather fan are romantic, and the cowpea is reformed, which is the dreamy Xishu ancestral temple Nanyang Lushe;

Guanzhongfu Shicheng is a scenic spot, and the mountains and rivers are still the same, and the flowers and plants in the Wu Palace are in the Jin Dynasty.

—— Anonymous title: Poems of Qingliangshan in Ma Po Wuhou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

It has been around for more than 8, years;

Seventy-two writers are strange.

—— Qing Gu Huai's title Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

Clouds return to the desert;

the door has been cold since ancient times.

—— Anonymous title Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

The dragon went to worship the dynasty for rain;

I've come to lie on my back and think about Emperor Xi.

—— Anonymous title: Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan

zhuge's prestige transcends the earth;

yuanrong's team went out of the suburbs.

—— Anonymous title Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

Liang Fu sang Gao Shizhi;

be a teacher and see the old minister's heart.

—— Anonymous title Wuhou Temple, Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

Narration of a real person Baishui Sheng;

celebrities lie in Wuhou in the green hills.

—— Tao Shu Dian Zhuge Liang's topic Nanyang Tower in Hunan Province

The purpose is to find six houses and get a glimpse of five industries;

learn seven latitudes, and bypass three micro.

—— Qing Gu Jiaping's topic Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

Since ancient times, the universe has been named, how many cloth clothes are there?

it can add color to mountains and rivers, so what's wrong with being poor.

-Shan Jiaju's topic Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

The heart is in the imperial court, regardless of the original master;

the world is famous, so why distinguish Xiangyang from Nanyang?

—— Qing Gu Jiayu's topic

There is a hidden instrument in Wuhou Temple, Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province, and the father's music is sung in his arms.

show your economy, and do your best to be a veteran.

—— Wu Qingtong's question about Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

The temple has been hanging for two thousand years, and asked Wei Que 'an in Wugong.

after three generations of human habitation, how is it compared with Shang, Yi, Zhou and Lu?

—— Anonymous Title Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

Mr. Wu is a talented person in the world, and the world is incomparable;

the general is not interested in saying a few words to prepare for the current events.

—— Anonymous title Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang, Henan Province

Virtue is deep in the public, famous in history, and popular in rivers and rivers;

the work is superior to the world, and the sound shocks the whole world.