1, registered endorsement
Direct endorsement, also known as complete endorsement, is a form of endorsement in which the endorser (transferor) indicates the name of the endorsee (transferee) on the back of the bill of lading and is signed by the endorser.
Step 2 instruct endorsement
Instruction endorsement is an endorsement form in which the endorser writes the words "instruction" or "so-and-so instruction" on the back of the bill of lading, without indicating the specific transferee, and is signed by the endorser.
3. Choose bearer endorsement
This kind of endorsement means that the endorser not only refers to an assignee on the back of the bill of lading, but also indicates that the holder of the bill of lading can be the assignee, that is, in the form of "so-and-so or holder", which is signed by the endorser.
4. Blank endorsement
Blank endorsement refers to the endorsement form in which the transferee is not recorded in the endorsement of the bill of lading, but only signed by the endorser.
Under the condition that the bill of lading issued by the carrier is an instruction bill of lading, it can be transferred as long as it is endorsed. If the bill of lading issued is the bill of lading instructed by the shipper, the shipper shall be the first endorser; If the bill of lading is instructed by name or choice, the first indorser shall be the instructed person specified in the bill of lading, and "so-and-so" in "so-and-so or instruction" shall be the first indorser.
Blank endorsement can be transferred without endorsement. When transferring, the endorser does not need to indicate the transferee on the bill of lading, but only needs to sign on the back of the bill of lading.
In the form of complete endorsement, continuous endorsement is required for continuous transfer, while in the form of blank endorsement, continuous endorsement is not required for transfer.
In the export business:
Endorsement of bill of lading is only used to indicate registered bill of lading, and other bills of lading, such as registered bill of lading and bearer bill of lading, need not be endorsed.
Off-topic:
A straight bill of lading lists the name of the consignee in the consignee column, and the goods can only be delivered to the listed consignee. This kind of bill of lading loses the convenience of representing goods and circulating, but it can also avoid the risks that may be brought in the process of transfer.
Bearer bill of lading is also called bearer bill of lading without the name of the consignee. This kind of bill of lading can be transferred or picked up without any endorsement procedure, which is extremely simple. The carrier shall deliver the goods to the holder of the bill of lading, and the holder of the bill of lading may take delivery of the goods, and the carrier shall deliver the goods only on the basis of documents, not by the person. This kind of bill of lading is lost or stolen, which is extremely risky. If it is transferred to a malicious third party, it is easy to cause disputes. Therefore, this kind of bill of lading is rarely used internationally. In addition, according to the regulations of some liner conferences, where bearer bills of lading are used. The name and address of the notifying person at the unloading port must be indicated in the copy of the bill of lading to the first mate.
To get to the point, to understand the endorsement of bill of lading, we must understand the instruction bill of lading. Instructing the bill of lading not to list the consignee, but to transfer by endorsement, is conducive to capital turnover, so it is widely used in international trade. According to the different methods of the indicator, the indicating bill of lading is divided into the following three types:
1. Shipper's instruction bill of lading: Only the words "instruction-instruction" are filled in the consignee's column and transferred after endorsement by the shipper, which is also called blank bill of lading. This bill of lading still belongs to the seller until the shipper designates the consignee or assignee. Under the payment method of documentary credit, the shipper takes the negotiating bank or consignee as the transferee and obtains the negotiation payment by transferring the bill of lading. Different from the straight bill of lading (see 2), this kind of bill of lading is not restricted by the endorsement of the person appointed by the bill of lading, but can be transferred only by the blank endorsement of the shipper, so it is more negotiable;
2. Straight Bill of Lading: Write "in certain order ..." in the column of consignee. According to the instructions of the instructing party, it can be divided into shipper's instructions, consignee's instructions or importer's bank instructions. , and can only be transferred or delivered after the shipper, consignee or importer's bank endorsement, also known as instruction bill of lading;
3. Select the instruction bill of lading: If the consignee column is filled with "so-and-so or instruction", it is called the selection instruction bill of lading. "XXX" in the registered instruction bill of lading is equivalent to the registered instruction bill of lading, and "or instruction" is equivalent to the shipper's instruction bill of lading.