Goebbels was born into a working-class devout Catholic family. He was exempted from military service during World War I because he suffered from polio since childhood, which caused his foot to be disabled. However, Goebbels did well in writing and speaking since he was a child. After graduating from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, 192 1 obtained a doctorate in literature from the University of Bonn, Germany, and worked as a journalist.

Later, Goebbels was associated with the Nazi Party in Weimar, and 1924 was the editor-in-chief of the newspaper Free Nation, constantly attacking Jewish publishers. 1927 was the editor-in-chief of attack magazine, and 1928 was elected as a member of parliament; 1933 After Hitler came to power, Goebbels became the Minister of the Propaganda Department of the National Enlightenment, constantly attacking "decadent art" and boycotting Jewish businessmen in propaganda, and bringing other media under the control of the state; In World War II, Goebbels also became one of the important war propaganda roles. Goebbels also called on Berlin citizens to defend the capital when Soviet troops advanced on Berlin in April 1945.

1on April 29th, 945, Hitler married eva braun before committing suicide, and Goebbels was one of the witnesses. 1 May, 9451day, the Goebbels committed suicide after killing their six children.

Paul joseph goebbels (1879- 1945), Minister of Propaganda Department of Nazi Party and Minister of National Education and Propaganda Department of Nazi Germany.

189710/kloc-0 was born in rheinland, Germany on October 29th. When I was a child, my left leg shrank because of polio. 192 1 April, 2008, obtained the doctorate of philosophy from the University of Heidelberg. Joined the Nazi party the following year. 1926, 1 1 in June, he was appointed as the party secretary of the Nazi Party in Berlin-Brandenburg. 1927 founded "attack" as editor-in-chief to strengthen Nazi propaganda. 1929 was appointed Minister of Propaganda Department of Nazi Party. 1933 1, Hitler was appointed Prime Minister by President Hindenburg and was ordered to form a cabinet. Goebbels plotted the arson in Congress. In March, he became the Minister of National Education and Propaganda of Nazi Germany, controlled all national propaganda machines, spared no effort to publicize Nazi domestic and foreign policies, advocated war, advocated cultural absolutism and advocated racism. 1in June, 944, he became the plenipotentiary director of the German War General Mobilization Committee. On July 20th, Hitler was murdered in Germany. Goebbels actively organized repression, timely issued radio announcements to thwart the murder and saved the dying Nazi regime. 1945 1 month, served as commander of Berlin city defense, advocating scorched earth and gas war and sticking to Berlin. In April, Goebbels and his wife moved to the basement of the Prime Minister's office. Hitler, who decided to commit suicide, made a will and appointed Deng Nici as President and Goebbels as Prime Minister. Goebbels wrote an appendix to the Fuehrer's political will, claiming that "I want to end my life by the Fuehrer's side" and "it is more important to set an example than to live in the hard years to come". 1 In May, the Goebbels first poisoned their six children, and then the SS shot them from behind.

Goebbels-paul joseph goebbels, 1897- 1945.

Paul joseph goebbels,1897101October 29th, Goebbels was born in a Catholic family in Leiter, Rheinland. When I was a child, my left leg shrank because of polio, and I was even refused to join the army during World War I. A year and a half before committing suicide, he also said to others: "The most severe punishment that others can impose on me is to review the honor guard. This is not always inevitable. Whenever there is an activity to review the honor guard on the celebration agenda, I can't sleep well all night. " When he graduated from Catholic middle school, Goebbels' graduation speech on behalf of the whole class was well received. From the summer of 19 17 to the spring of 192 1, Goebbels studied history and literature at the universities of Bonn, Freiburg, Uzburg, Munich and Heidelberg. 1921April, Goebbels received his doctorate in philosophy under the guidance of Professor Friedrich Gondorf, a historian of Jewish literature at the University of Heidelberg. Goebbels initially devoted himself to writing novels, plays and poems, including the novel Michael, the play The Wanderer and The Lonely Man, but no publisher was willing to publish them at that time. It was not until 1926 that Goebbels' novel Michael was published.

From 65438 to 0922, Goebbels was infected by Hitler's speech and joined the Nazi Party, seeking to get ahead through political activities. Goebbels spread the platitudes of Germany's national and racial excellence, arguing that the Allies, Marxists and Jews deceived the Germans in order to win the military victory in the First World War. 1June, 924, Goebbels proposed in his diary that he should be "simple in thought, noble in love, sincere in expectation, enthusiastic in belief and modest in speech." In June 65438+in the same year 10, Goebbels vowed in his diary that "we must seek God, which is why we live in this world". From 65438 to 0925, Goebbels became the party secretary of the Ruhr area of the Nazi Party, and became the main collaborator of grigori strasser, the leader of the North German faction of the Nazi Party. Goebbels founded and edited Nazi newsletters and other publications belonging to the Strass brothers. In order to win people's hearts, Goebbels and strasser brothers often made comments catering to the working people's emotions, proposing that the Nazi Party and the * * * Production Party and the Social Democratic Party jointly launched a campaign to expropriate aristocratic property, and advocated nationalizing large industries and manors. Because Hitler was extremely dissatisfied with this, Goebbels shouted "I demand that Adolf Hitler, the petty bourgeoisie, be expelled from the Nazi Party" at the Hanover meeting in June1925165438+10.

Goebbels was recommended to Hitler after the split between Hitler and Straus. Hitler appreciated the orator who was good at propaganda and agitation, gave him an autographed Mein Kampf and invited Goebbels to give a speech in Munich. Goebbels was flattered to record: "I walked into the hall and the cheers were deafening ... I talked for two hours, ... and finally Hitler hugged me." 1926 In February, Goebbels completely sided with Hitler at the Nazi party conference in Bamberg. In August, Goebbels published a statement of breaking with Strass through People's Observer.

1926, 1 1 In June, Goebbels was appointed as the party secretary of the Nazi Party in Berlin-Brandenburg, responsible for cleaning up the party and reorganizing the organization, which soon made the Nazi Party in this area a powerful organization. 1927, Goebbels founded "Attack" and served as editor-in-chief to strengthen Nazi propaganda. Goebbels designed advertising pictures, published promotional materials, organized parades, and held a commemorative meeting and large-scale lectures at the Berlin Stadium. Create the myth that the head of state is always right, portray Hitler as a "master" and induce people to blindly obey; The Fall of wiesel, written by Horst Wessel, the captain of the killed stormtroopers, was used as a Nazi song to advocate dedication to the Nazi cause. 1929, Goebbels was appointed Minister of Propaganda Department of Nazi Party.

Goebbels' working ability left a deep impression on Hitler, so that Hitler still felt deeply when he recalled it in 1942: "Dr. Goebbels has two talents, language and wisdom. Without these two talents, he could not control the situation in Berlin ... For Dr. Goebbels, he won Berlin with the true feelings of words."

Goebbels, a member of Weimar Parliament from 65438 to 0928, once declared: "We entered Congress to arm ourselves with democratic weapons from its arsenal. We should become members of parliament so that Weimar ideology can help us destroy it ourselves. " This had a great influence on the Nazi party's strategy of seizing power. 1930 In the parliamentary election in September, the Nazi Party won 6.4 million votes and 197 seats, making it the second largest party in Congress after the Social Democratic Party.

In the presidential election of 193 1, Goebbels urged Hitler to run. Goebbels and Hitler traveled all over the country, making frequent campaign speeches and inciting fanaticism among partisans. Goebbels mobilized all his troops, started the propaganda machine, and launched an unprecedented propaganda campaign with the funds raised. The Nazi Party posted 6,543.8+0000 color posters, distributed 8 million pamphlets and 6,543.8+02,000 special issues of party newspapers all over the country, and sometimes there were 3,000 mobilization meetings a day. This was the first time that movies and records were used in the presidential campaign. Although Hitler was not elected after two votes, the number of votes he got doubled.

1933 1, Hitler was appointed Prime Minister by President Hindenburg and was ordered to form a cabinet. Goebbels was ecstatic and quickly "set a policy against the red terror" with Hitler. The Third Reich soon sealed 60 newspapers of the German Production Party and 7/kloc-0 newspapers of the German Social Democratic Party, and forcibly closed the building of the Central Committee of the German Production Party. On February 27th, Goebbels and Goering conspired to create an "anti-Congress case" as an excuse to persecute and suppress the German * * * Production Party.

1933 In March, Goebbels became the Minister of National Education and Propaganda of Nazi Germany, and spared no effort to publicize Nazi domestic and foreign policies and cultural absolutism. The National Education and Propaganda Department mainly has the following functional departments: the Administration Bureau, which is responsible for managing all administrative affairs; Propaganda Bureau, responsible for organizing propaganda activities against materialism, Jews, churches or supporting national purity, and organizing gatherings of various sizes; The Broadcasting Bureau is responsible for guiding and supervising the work of the German Broadcasting Corporation from a policy perspective; Information Bureau, responsible for daily news release and publication; Foreign affairs bureau, responsible for external publicity to influence foreign public opinion; The Film Bureau is responsible for directing and reviewing the production and screening of films. On the other hand, the German Cultural Association is led by the Ministry of Culture. There are six associations including art, music, drama, literature, news, radio and film. Those who engage in the above occupations must join relevant associations. People who are not enthusiastic about Nazism or "politically unreliable people" will be expelled and deprived of the right to engage in cultural activities. The Nazi party attached great importance to propaganda, and the success of Nazi propaganda made Goebbels win the trust and respect of the top leaders of the Nazi party. People who used to be called "bourgeois intellectuals" are also called "our doctors".

Goebbels believes that the only purpose of propaganda is to "conquer the people"; "Our propaganda target is ordinary people, so the propaganda arguments must be rough, clear and powerful; Truth is irrelevant and completely subordinate to strategic psychology "; "It doesn't matter what we believe; What is important is that as long as we have faith "; "Politics is no longer a possible art. We believe in miracles and things that are impossible and beyond our power. In our view, politics is an impossible miracle "; The basic principle of propaganda is to keep repeating valid arguments, and lies should be spread over and over again, dressed as credible.

1935 On the night of May, Goebbels, who had a doctorate, launched a book-burning movement in Berlin, which spread all over the country. Books that are regarded as "destructive to our future", such as the works of Marx, Engels, Luxembourg, Liebknecht, Merlin, Heine, Einstein and other celebrities, have been burned. Goebbels said to the students who participated in the book burning: "The souls of the German people can be displayed again. This fire not only ended the old times, but also lit up a new era. " Goebbels thus gained the notoriety of "book burner".

Goebbels exercised strict control over newspapers, radio, movies and journalists, aiming at eliminating any media opposed to the Nazi Party. The Jewish boss of Frankfurt Daily was expelled from the newspaper, and the influential Voss Daily was ordered to stop publishing. The number of national newspapers decreased from 3607 to 267 1 year (the first four years of Nazi rule); Goebbels or his subordinates give oral or written instructions to the editing and distribution of news every day. The German Broadcasting Corporation and the film company also became propaganda tools for Nazi taming.

At the Wan Hu Conference, Hitler finally decided to start killing Jews all over Western Europe. Goebbels initially seemed to want to postpone the Holocaust to the so-called "final victory" like suppressing the Catholic Church, but now Hitler has made up his mind to do the same. 1935, Goebbels hosted anti-Semitic activities in Germany, declaring that "we don't want Jews anymore" (June), expelling Jews from the Defence Force and the labor department; The Nuremberg Law (September) was promulgated, depriving Jews of their German citizenship, prohibiting Jews from marrying Aryans, and making any contact between Jews and non-Jews a criminal act. Goebbels also angrily threatened: "Only by eliminating all Jews can the Jewish problem be solved. As long as there is a Jew alive, this Jew will always be the enemy of national socialist Germany. Therefore, we can't speak any tolerance and humanity to Jews. " 1On May 28th, 937, Goebbels delivered a speech denouncing the corruption of Catholic clergy. 1938, Goebbels organized an anti-semitic movement again: heydrich, director of the Intelligence and Security Bureau, was ordered to arrest 17000 Polish Jews and expel them from the country with a stuffy tanker (10); "Crystal Night" (also known as "Night of Broken Glass") was created to commemorate the riot in beer shops. All the glasses of assembly places, houses and shops where Jews often gather were smashed (worth 5 million marks), which was wrongly called "spontaneous demonstration" by the German people. Nazi stormtroopers in brown uniforms even sang "Today, Germany is ours; Tomorrow, the whole world is ours! "

Before Nazi Germany launched the Polish War, Goebbels manipulated the propaganda machine to incite war fanaticism. The Berlin daily first warned with a headline, "Be careful of Poland!" Later, he lied that "the Polish army advanced to the edge of the German border". The Leader's Daily used the alarmist headline "Warsaw threatened to bomb Danzig-extremely crazy Poles launched an incredible provocation!" The twelve o'clock newspaper reported that Poles had attacked three German passenger planes. The People's Observer published a headline: "The whole territory of Poland is in a frenzy of war! Upper Silesia is in chaos! " On September 1939, the Morning Post reported that the so-called "Polish Volunteers and Upper Silesia Rebels" attacked the German radio station Grewitz near the border, but in fact the attack was concocted by agents of the security department of the Nazi SS.

After Nazi Germany launched the war of aggression, the High Command established the Defence Force Propaganda Department in the War Department, which was responsible for viewing military news and compiling and distributing the Defence Force bulletin. Goebbels tried to turn the Propaganda Department of the National Defence Force into a functional department of the National Education Propaganda Department during the whole war to coordinate political propaganda and military propaganda, but failed. The struggle between Goebbels and ribbentrop for publishing rights also ended in compromise. Nevertheless, Goebbels still tried his best to make use of the propaganda tools in his hand to clamor for the fascist war, which was quite effective. Goebbels thinks that radio is the most important propaganda tool in wartime, and speech is more attractive than writing. The radio program hosted by "Lord Haha" was quite successful in publicizing Nazi war policy and influencing British public psychology. After the Allies put forward the principle that fascism must surrender unconditionally, Goebbels took the opportunity to advocate that Germany had no choice but to win or destroy. 1June, 940, before Germany invaded the Soviet Union, Goebbels tried to convince people that German troops would invade Britain in three to five weeks, warning people "Don't try to guess-you won't guess. Go on with your work. I believe you will hear what you need to know. "

1 on February 2, 943, after the German army was defeated in the Battle of Stalingrad, the city of destiny, Goebbels ordered the national entertainment venues to be closed for three days, and the traffic stopped on the first and third days1minute. On February 8th of the same year, Goebbels delivered a famous inflammatory speech "On Total War" to 15000 selected audience in Berlin Gymnasium. The speech lasted for 2 hours 15 minutes, which is said to be the longest speech delivered by Nazi leaders during the war. The speech began with "the German people who have received national socialist education and training can bear the whole truth" and was outspoken. The first part emphasizes the danger of "Jews-Bolsheviks" rather than the failure of the German army, and points out the inevitability of Germany's victory, aiming at warning the audience in Germany and other European countries; The second part aims to convince the German public that victory must be won through total war. * * * There are 10 conclusive questions, the most important of which is the fourth question, "Do you want a total war? Do you want the war to be more comprehensive and thorough than we thought? " ; The speech ended with Theodore Kona's poem "The country stands, the storm disappears", which won thunderous applause. After the speech, Goebbels ordered the closure of luxury hotels and entertainment venues in Berlin, pretending to take the lead without spacious living rooms and high-class refreshments, and promoting them through documentaries. Goebbels also often recited the history of frederick the great for Hitler, and looked forward to the "lucky strike" of the Third Reich.

1June 944, Goebbels became the plenipotentiary director of the German General War Mobilization Committee. On July 20th, Hitler was murdered in Germany. Goebbels actively organized repression, timely issued radio announcements to thwart the murder and saved the dying Nazi regime. On August 24th, Goebbels issued a general mobilization order.

1945 65438+ 10, Goebbels became the commander of the Berlin city defense, advocated scorched earth and gas war, ordered the captured allied pilots to be shot, and advocated sticking to Berlin. In April, Goebbels and his wife moved to the basement of the Prime Minister's office. Hitler, who decided to commit suicide, made a will and appointed Deng Nici as President and Goebbels as Prime Minister. Goebbels wrote an appendix to the Fuehrer's political will, claiming that "I want to end my life by the Fuehrer's side" and "it is more important to set an example than to live in the hard years to come". 1 In May, the Goebbels first poisoned their six children, and then the SS shot them from behind.