First of all, I'll tell you about the process of printing money and making money:

The task of printing RMB was completed by the 1 1 enterprise under the direct leadership of the People's Bank of China, and the place where RMB was printed was called the banknote printing factory.

The printing process of RMB can be divided into the following basic steps: paper inspection, prepress treatment and plate making, trial printing, formal printing, quality inspection, cutting, quality inspection, warehousing and so on.

Banknote paper used for printing RMB is watermark paper, which is a special paper used for printing money. This paper is produced by three banknote paper mills under China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, namely Baoding banknote paper mill in Hebei, Kunshan banknote paper mill in Jiangsu and Chengdu banknote paper mill. In addition to physical and chemical properties such as wear resistance, folding resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, it also has built-in security thread, colored red and blue fiber and other anti-counterfeiting means, and covers the watermark pattern for anti-counterfeiting. Before printing, the staff should check the quality of the paper one by one. Because there is a problem with the direction of the watermark, each piece of paper should be stacked in the direction of the watermark pattern, and the edge should be punched and positioned with a punching machine. Can't make any mistakes.

Before printing in RMB, as in ordinary printing, printing templates should be made. Because of the use of graphic anti-counterfeiting, when making coins, we should use the corresponding design software in the computer to design various exquisite and complicated anti-counterfeiting patterns and other related words and patterns, and output them as soft films for later use.

Printed RMB is sent to the sealing workshop, and the quality inspection workers will check the quality of each RMB under the lamp: in the sealing workshop, the quality inspection of RMB is divided into two steps. The first step is to check the large sheets, that is, to check several large sheets printed in RMB from the printing machine. At this time, the quality inspection is mainly to check whether there are any quality problems, such as whether the color is accurate, whether it is damaged or not, and whether there are any missing prints. ...

After checking the large sheets, enter the next process: cutting. Cutting is to cut a large piece of RMB into small pieces and turn it into RMB of the same size as we usually use; The next step is to check Xiao Zhang's RMB, such as whether the number is printed wrong, whether the color is uniform, and whether the watermark is inverted. ...

Then, the checked banknotes will be sealed and transported to the bank for social circulation. When people get brand-new money from the bank, they don't expect it to have such a complicated experience!

Next, let's talk about the so-called "wrong coin":

Misprinted coins refer to errors in design or master engraving, and missing printing in the printing process is not a printing error. The "defective products" caused by currency quality defects can only belong to residual coins, not to wrong editions. Because a small amount of residual coins flowed into the society, some people took the opportunity to speculate and make huge profits. The principle of collection is scarcity, novelty and strangeness, that is, rare and exotic things have certain collection significance, which is the key to determine the value of such collections. However, the wrong version of RMB is another matter. The wrong version of RMB has never been auctioned in the international and domestic auction markets, so it is difficult to determine the true collection value of the wrong version of RMB. When buying the wrong version of RMB, you should consider whether it will cause unnecessary economic losses to yourself.

The collection of misprinted coins has always been a controversial part, and the central bank has repeatedly denied that there is no misprinted coins. But for many collectors, the central bank's statement seems to be ignored, and Tibetan friends are still keen on the discovery and research of wrong coins. Let's see what kinds of coins are misprinted.

1. Printed banknotes: bank name, face value, number, printing and other words, as well as cross lines and lottery tickets, sometimes printed on the periphery and upper part of proofs and mother rubbings. This kind of banknote is a printed banknote. Printed banknotes have less outflow and high collection value.

Second, the wrong version of the currency: refers to the circulation of banknotes with graphic errors caused by design negligence, which has high collection value.

Third, the wrong coin: due to errors in the process of printing, stamping and cutting, there are the following types of wrong coins:

1. Missing printing: In the process of printing patterns, characters or colors, all or part of banknotes are missing printing due to negligence or some reason, which can be divided into missing pictures, missing words and missing colors. For example, if the template is stuck or damaged by a specific foreign object, it will cause coins that are as wrong as the whole page, and small mistakes will escape the eyes of the banknote printing master. The printing press is faster, and tens of thousands of missing coins with the same mistake will appear in an hour.

2. Overprinting: In the printing process, when foreign matter is stuck on the template, it will cause the phenomenon of missing printing or overprinting, depending on the foreign matter. If the template is not cleaned in time, some foreign objects on the template will cause the whole page to print more money.

3. Reverse printing: The patterns on the front and back of paper money are inverted on one side or both sides.

4. Overprinting: that is, printing patterns or characters of banknotes repeatedly to make them appear the same ghost.

5. Folding: When printing, a corner of the front or back of the banknote is printed on the back, which is caused by uneven folding of the paper.

6. Sticking: In the printing process, the paper money with wet ink on the last paper money sticks to the previous paper money, resulting in inverted shallow text. This situation is called paper money sticking.

7. Blanking: In the printing process, some blanks appear due to the invasion of foreign objects. The more spaces, the more obvious and the more precious.

8. Folding: When the paper enters the printing machine, it is folded due to uneven placement, resulting in that the inside part of the crease is blank and long after printing, which is called folding. I-shaped scrolling: due to the rotation failure of the digital machine, the number of banknotes is incomplete.

9. Wrong number and wrong character track: The problem with the number pointing machine is that the same banknote has different tracks or numbers.

10. Missing cover: All or part of the banknote to be stamped is missing cover, including signature, seal or place name.

1 1. Back cover: signature, place name, seal, logo, etc. Stamping is inconsistent with the original banknote pattern sequence.

12. cover: cover the paper money with pictures and texts for repeated printing.

13. Fukumimi: Ears or butterflies appear on one or more corners of some paper money, which is called the Fukumimi of paper money.

14. Cutting displacement: due to improper cutting, the upper, lower, left and right edges of the banknote are uneven, and the overall pattern is not in the center of the banknote. The obvious dislocation is displacement.

15. Graphic shift: RMB is divided into several processes. If there is deviation in a process and some pictures and texts are seriously deviated, it is called picture and text deviation. This graphic shift may also cause the same error throughout the page.

16. Watermark variation: refers to the phenomenon that a watermark is inverted or reversed, or a vertical watermark becomes a horizontal watermark.

17. Other variants: This situation includes broken paper money, improper use of paper, wrong color printing, and insufficient ink or ink.

There are thousands of printing houses and printing companies, among which people in the printing industry know that there will be defective printed matter in the printing process, which can only reduce the probability of defective products, but can not be completely avoided. It can also be seen from the number of RMB supplementary numbers that a supplementary number uses millions or even tens of millions or billions of digits, and the number of printing defects in the printing process is amazing.

Correctly identifying the wrong coins is the future trend in the field of coin collection, and many developed countries abroad identify the wrong coins in the field of collection. There are wrong coins with small mistakes, and there may be a quantity, which is represented by missing coins; The probability that the wrong coins with big mistakes will flow out of the printing plant will be relatively small. In each edition, the wrong coins with small face value even appear in the form of bundles, packages and pieces; It is the best time to collect the wrong coins without further unpacking inspection by the bank. However, at present, the investment in the wrong coin collection is only the behavior of a few people and cannot form an effective market. Therefore, we should pay attention to the risks when collecting the wrong coins, and never take investment as the primary purpose.