1, Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu County (now Yishui County, Shandong Province) in the Three Kingdoms. When his parents died as a teenager, he followed his uncle to avoid chaos in Jingzhou, and lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Nanyang. He often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, loved to sing "Songs of Liang Fu" and made friends with celebrities such as Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Si Mahui, Huang Chengyan, Shi Guangyuan, Cui Zhouping and Xu Shu. His ingenuity is recognized by everyone, and he is called "Wolong". Marry the daughter of Huang Chengyan. When Liu Bei stationed troops in a new field, Xu Shu was the chief of staff and recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu. Liu Bei visited his Lu three times, and Zhuge Liang met him, and immediately put forward the famous "Longzhong Dui". That is, the proposal of occupying Jing and Yi states, uniting Sun Quan, confronting Cao Cao and unifying the world. Won the appreciation of Liu Bei, and has since become Liu Bei's main assistant. Later, he helped Liu Bei defeat Cao Cao in Chibi, assisted Yizhou, and made Shu and Wei and Wu Cheng stand on their feet. After Cao Pi replaced Han as emperor, Liu Bei also proclaimed himself emperor, Zhuge Liang became prime minister, premier of state affairs, and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou. In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong 'an, and called Zhuge Liang to look after the affairs and said, "You are only ten times as good as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the country and eventually achieve great things." If the heir can be assisted, he will be assisted; If he is incompetent, you can take his place. Zhuge Liang cried quickly: "I will try my best to complement each other and be faithful to the festival until I die!" "After he acceded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was appointed the marquis of Wuxiang, established the Prime Minister's Office to handle daily affairs, and concurrently served as Yizhou Pastoral. At that time, the military, political and financial affairs of the whole country, big or small, were decided by Zhuge Liang. After Zhuge Liang came to power, the first important thing to do was to restore diplomatic relations with Soochow. After Liu Bei's death, Soochow continued to be a vassal to Wei, but on the other hand, it had not made up its mind how to deal with Shu, and was still in the border of Shu. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi, a senior minister, to Dongwu to persuade Sun Quan to unite with Shu and sever ties with Wei. At that time, during Liu Bei's eastward expedition, the counties in South China rebelled under the instigation of Dongwu, which seriously threatened the backyard of Shu Han. After Zhuge Liang came to power, he resumed diplomatic relations with Soochow and cut off foreign aid from South China. After two years of nursed back to health, Zhuge Liang wrote to his late master, determined to quell the rebellion in South China. In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led a large army to conquer Nanzhong in three ways. In this war, Zhuge Liang used attack tactics against Meng Huo, the rebel leader, and made him completely convinced. After the counter-insurgency battle, Zhuge Liang learned from the experience of "all the governors should share their efforts" and divided the four counties in the south into six counties, with Jianning County, the center of the rebellion, being the smallest, and using a large number of indigenous surnames as officials to achieve the goal of managing the area without leaving troops or transporting food and grass. More than 1, "Qing Qiang" from South China were recruited to enter Sichuan, and five cavalry units were formed with their youth and strength, which was called "Flying Army": the commander-in-chief was set up to take charge of the military and political affairs in South China. In December of that year, Zhuge Liang led the army back to Chengdu. In March (227), the fifth year of Literatures, Zhuge Liang went to the late master with a model and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Gansu Longxi), Tianshui and Anding (Gansu Jichuan) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to bid for the war, and Cao Zhen supervised the right armies, adopting a strategy of giving priority to defense. The Shu army first threatened to capture Yan County by Xiegu Road, and made Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi lead an army to take Jigu (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as the suspected army, and Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and stationed in Jieting. Ma Su waved improperly, and was defeated by Wei Jun, losing the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to retreat to Hanzhong (there is no such thing as an "empty city plan" to retreat Sima Yijun in official history). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears, wrote a letter to demote himself three times, and took the post of Prime Minister as a right general. In the winter of 228, the sixth year of Jianxing, Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went out of the Great Sanguan Pass this time, besieged Chencang for more than 2 days, and all the food was gone. In the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition for the third time. The Shu army headed west, taking Wei Wudu and Yinping counties and returning. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister. During this period, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Li Yan became the focus of attention. Originally, the two of them were entrusted by Liu Bei, and * * * was the auxiliary minister. Until the fourth year of Jianxing (226), the relationship between them was relatively good. Zhuge Liang praised Li Yan in his letter with Mengda. But not long after, Li Yan wrote to Zhuge Liang, suggesting that he should take advantage of the power of state affairs to become a knight and a king like Cao Cao and accept the "Nine Tin", so that he could also get some benefits. Zhuge Liang was very angry about this and severely criticized Li Yan in his reply. Soon, before Zhuge Liang was about to attack Wei, he asked Li Yan to take his 2 thousand troops to guard Hanzhong. Li Yan bargained for Zhuge Liang to draw five counties from the eastern part of Yizhou to set up Jiangzhou, so that he could be the secretariat of Jiangzhou, which failed to mobilize. Zhuge Liang put the overall situation first and compromised; In the seventh year of lite, before Marco went to Dongwu, he specifically asked Zhuge Liang to report Li Yan's clever cheating, especially talking about some misdeeds of Li Yan when he was an official in his hometown in his early years, but it did not attract enough attention from Zhuge Liang. In the eighth year of lite (23), Cao Jun wanted to attack Shu in three ways. Zhuge Liang once again asked Li Yan to take 2, troops to Hanzhong, and Li Yan bargained again. Zhuge Liang immediately made concessions and appointed his son as Jiangzhou governor to take over the work after Li Yan was transferred. Only then did Li Yan carry out the transfer order. In the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time, and ordered Li Yan to be in charge of logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang saying that the emperor ordered the withdrawal. After Zhuge Liang retired from the army, he lied to the court that the withdrawal was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked, "We have enough rations. Why did you suddenly retreat?"? "So, Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letters when he was in court, signed them with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, exempted him from being Shu Ren, and exiled him to Zitong. In February (234) of the 12th year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition, and went out of the oblique valley with a large army, according to Wuzhangyuan (now 4 miles south of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time, I made an appointment with Dongwu to attack Wei at the same time. However, Dongwu was slow to send his troops. Until May, Sun Quancai sent Lu Xun and Zhu Gejin to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Han Town, Hubei Province) to attack Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led an army around Hefei New Town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Dongwu first. He personally led the water army to March eastward, so that Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insisted on not fighting and let the Shu army's grain retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned the intention of Wei Zhu, he thought that his own side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons of the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled the field, intending to stay for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died suddenly at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army withdrew across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will before his death: "If you are buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave on the hillside, and the grave can hold a coffin.". Wear ordinary clothes and don't bury objects. Zhuge Liang's writings, in the biography of the reflection, contain the catalogue of Zhuge's collections, with 24 articles and 14,112 words. Collected Works of Zhuge Zhong and Wuhou compiled by Zhang Shu, a Qing Dynasty, is relatively complete.