Che Guevara

The father of guerrilla warfare in the jungles of Latin America - Guevara, formerly known as Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, born in June 1928 Born on May 14th in Rosario, Argentina, to a family of capitalists and estate owners. In Guatemala, because Guevara often used the exclamation "Che" (meaning friendly), his comrades gave him the nickname "Che". This nickname became his battle codename, merged with his name.

In 1941, Guevara entered middle school. Literature and physical education were his two favorite subjects.

Student at the Department of Medicine of the National University of Buenos Aires from 1947 to 1953. Determined to use medicine to benefit mankind. In order to realize his ambition, Guevara took advantage of holidays to study and travel while in college.

In 1949, in order to obtain first-hand information on leprosy and tropical diseases, Guevara rode a bicycle and walked across the country to conduct field investigations. During the inspection, Guevara witnessed the poor life of Indians with his own eyes and deepened his sympathy for the oppressed.

In 1950, he worked as a sailor in an oil shipyard and traveled to Trinidad and British Guiana.

In March 1953, the 25-year-old Guevara graduated from college with honors and qualified as a doctor. With Guevara's achievements, he could definitely get an ideal career, but he resolutely chose to work in a leper shelter in Caracas, Venezuela. When he said goodbye to his parents at the Buenos Aires station, he said meaningfully: "An American soldier bids farewell to you!"

One night in June 1955, Che Guevara Meeting Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro in a small apartment in Mexico City. The comrade's ambition made the two hit it off and they talked about the revolutionary situation and strategies all night long. At Castro's repeated invitations, Guevara joined the Cuban Expeditionary Force being formed and became one of the earliest members of the expeditionary force.

On June 8, 1956, Guevara was kidnapped by the Mexican police for participating in Castro's expeditionary force and imprisoned in a Mexico City prison. In August of the same year, he was released from prison.

At 2 a.m. on November 25, 1956, 82 members of the Cuban Expeditionary Force quietly boarded the dilapidated yacht "Granma" in the Port of Tuxpan on the Gulf of Mexico and slowly set out for Cuba. . Guevara was excited at the thought of being plunged into a revolutionary storm, and he and Castro led everyone in singing the Cuban national anthem and the "Hymn of July 26". After seven days and seven nights of wandering, they finally arrived at a place called Bellik on the beach in Colorados, southeastern Cuba. Unexpectedly, as soon as they landed, they were attacked by Batista government troops. As a result, 70 of the 82 expedition members lost their lives. As the team doctor, Guevara saved lives and healed the wounded while participating in the battle. During the breakout, Guevara's asthma relapsed and he was wounded in battle. With tenacious perseverance, he endured the torment of illness and pain, and together with Castro, he led the remaining troops to break out of the encirclement and moved to the mountainous mountains of Maestra to create a guerrilla movement base.

On January 14, 1957, the guerrillas won their first major victory at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata. Soon, the guerrillas established a command group consisting of six people, the General Staff, of which Guevara was one of the members. On May 28, Guevara participated in the famous Battle of Uweiro. On June 5, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Column (later renamed the 4th Column). The column has 75 people and has 3 platoons, equivalent to a company. In July, Guevara was awarded the highest military rank in the rebel army - major. After that, he personally commanded many battles in Buecito and Umbrito, and worked closely with Castro to expel government troops from the Maestra base. In May 1958, the guerrillas moved into counterattack. Guevara was ordered to lead the 8th column of "Ciro Redondo" to break through the obstruction of the government troops and advance towards Las Villas, the central province of Cuba. In late December, Guevara led the 8th Column to attack the strategically important city of Santa Clara, the provincial capital of Las Villas. After several days of bloody fighting, on January 1, 1959, this heavily guarded city with a population of 150,000 was liberated.

This war shocked the whole of Cuba. Batista was forced to resign as president, and the dictatorship dispersed. Guevara also became famous. Subsequently, Guevara took advantage of the victory and marched westward. On January 4, 1959, he captured the capital Havana in one fell swoop. For a time, Guevara became a legendary figure in Cuba and even the entire Central American region, known as "the most powerful guerrilla commander and guerrilla master" in the Cuban rebel army.

On February 9, 1959, the Cuban government declared Guevara a Cuban citizen, and thereafter gave him high honors and status. Guevara successively served as director of the National Committee for Agrarian Reform, president of the National Bank, minister of industry, and secretary of the Secretariat of the National Committee of the United Revolutionary Organization of Cuba. In his view, the revolution is not yet complete and most countries in Latin America, including his own country, are still ruled by dictators.

On February 9, 1960, he attended the opening ceremony of the Soviet Science, Technology and Cultural Achievements Exhibition in Havana and met Mikoyan for the first time. In May, Che's book "Guerrilla Warfare" was published in Havana. From October 22 to December 9, he led a Cuban economic delegation to visit China, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. From November 18th to December 1st, during his visit to China, he was received by Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Premier Zhou Enlai and Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Chen Yi.

On February 23, 1961, he was appointed Minister of Industry and a member of the Central Planning Commission, and soon a member of the Commission, and soon the Commission also came under his leadership. On April 17, mercenaries invaded Jilongtan. Che was now in command of the troops garrisoned in the province of Guinal del Rio. On June 2, an economic agreement was signed with the Soviet Union. In August, represented Cuba at the special session of the Pan-American Social and Economic Council held in Punta del Este, Uruguay. At the meeting, the purpose of the United States establishing the "Alliance for Progress" was revealed. Visited Argentina and Brazil and held talks with President Frandisi and President Cuadros.

On March 8, 1962, he was appointed as a member of the national leadership. On March 12, he was appointed as secretary of the Secretariat of the Revolutionary Unification Organization and member of the Economic Committee. On April 15, he spoke at a meeting of the Cuban Workers Union in Havana, calling for socialist labor competition. From August 27 to September 3, he led the Cuban party and government delegation to Moscow. Following the visit to Moscow, he visited Czechoslovakia. From the second half of October to the beginning of November, he was responsible for leading the troops in Pinar del Rio Province.

In May 1963, as the Revolutionary Unity Organization was reorganized into the Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party, Che was appointed as a member of the Party Central Committee, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and secretary of the Secretariat. In July, he led a government delegation to Algeria to celebrate the first anniversary of the Republic of China's independence.

January to March 1965, visited China, Mali, Congo (DRC), Guinea, Ghana, Dahomey, Tanzania, Egypt, and Algeria; participated in the second session of the Asian-African Solidarity Organization in Algeria Meeting. On February 3, he led a delegation of the Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party to arrive in Beijing and was warmly welcomed at the airport by Deng Xiaoping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Peng Zhen, Mayor of Beijing. On February 9, at the end of his visit to China, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen went to the airport in person again to see him off. Return to Havana on March 14th. On March 15, he reported to the staff of the Ministry of Industry about his overseas trip. This was his last public speech in Cuba. April 1, to Fidel. Castro wrote a farewell letter. Resign all positions, military memberships and ranks within and outside the Party. In order to avoid complicity with Cuba, he also announced that he would renounce his Cuban citizenship. He was puzzled and disappointed with the single Soviet model, and worried about the future of socialism, because he found that many revolutionaries had lost their former vigor in luxury cars and in the arms of beautiful female secretaries. Therefore, in order to maintain the perfect image of a revolutionary, he can only choose to fight and choose a magnificent ending like Phoenix Nirvana. On October 3, Castro read out Che Guevara's farewell letter at the founding meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba.

In June 1965, Guevara led a 125-member Cuban guerrilla squad to the Kinshasa region of Congo (now Zaire) in Africa, under the alias "Commander Tatu". Commanding the rebel army there, he wanted to build a "New Cuba" in the heart of Africa. However, the rebel army led by Guevara suffered repeated setbacks. Guevara believed that it was not suitable to establish a guerrilla center, so he withdrew the Cuban guerrillas. Guevara decided to establish a guerrilla center in Niakavasu, Bolivia. Niakavasu is located in a canyon surrounded by steep mountains in the province of Santa Cruz. Guevara was prepared to center on this.

On November 7, 1966, Guevara assumed the alias "Ramon" and disguised himself as a bald, bespectacled Uruguayan businessman. He flew from Montevideo to the capital of Bolivia via Sao Paulo, Brazil. La Paz.

On March 22, 1967, Che Guevara, who used the pseudonym Ramon, led the guerrillas (the Liberation Army of Bolivia) to begin military operations. On April 17, Che Guevara's "Letter to the People of the World through the Tricontinental Conference" was published in Havana. On July 29, the founding conference of the Latin American Solidarity Organization opened in Havana. The presidium of the conference, based on the suggestions of many delegations, proclaimed the symbolic formation of "La Pepe America" ??and declared "Dear guerrilla Ernesto." Major Che Guevara was an honorary citizen of our common motherland, Latin America. "...The secret warehouses of the guerrillas were destroyed and the communication network in the city was also destroyed. August 31 , the guerrillas broke out in two groups. As the group led by Joaquín was attacked by Bolivian government troops while crossing the Masikuri River, the entire army of 17 guerrillas in Guevara's northern territory was surrounded by Yuro. Canyon. On the afternoon of October 8, Guevara led the guerrillas to slide down the canyon to break out. In the evening, a guerrilla was shot in the leg while he was dressing the wound. At this time, the Bolivian government troops had their guns pointed at him. Guevara calmly said: "I am Che Guevara." The news of Guevara's capture spread to the highest authorities in Bolivia and the United States as quickly as lightning. CIA. At dawn the next day, the commander of the Bolivian Armed Forces rushed to the scene by helicopter, confirmed that the captured man was Guevara, and interrogated him. Guevara had already put his life and death aside and refused to answer any questions. The interrogation found nothing. Finally, the interrogator asked: "What are you thinking about now?" Guevara replied firmly: "I am thinking that revolution is eternal. ”

On the afternoon of October 9, 1967, when the interrogators saw that they could not get any confession from Guevara, they shot Guevara to death. He was only 39 years old. The CIA had already arrested Guevara. Guevara was considered a serious threat and had sent agents to hunt him down many times. After Guevara was killed, the Western camp cheered and cut off the martyr's hands and transported them to the U.S. Southern Command in Panama for "identification."

No matter today or in the future, as long as oppression, exploitation and injustice still exist in the world, people who know and admire Guevara will still make the same voice: Che is still alive!