At the same time, with the advent of the 5G era and the large-area coverage of high-screen brushes, these product specifications have also become the yardstick for many users to purchase mobile phones.
Of course, with the increase of screen size, high refresh rate and 5G support, the requirements for the endurance of smart phone products are gradually improving.
In order to provide better battery life support for mobile phones, many manufacturers have upgraded their battery capacity. In this way, the charging ability has also entered people's sight.
In order to cooperate with the continuous development of smart phone battery solutions, manufacturers have also begun to exert their strength in charging ability.
Based on this, Kuaichong appeared in front of everyone. And because many different manufacturers and institutions have participated in the research and development of fast charging. So there are many fast charging protocols on the market at present.
When it comes to fast charging protocol, many people should think of USB PD. What USB PD stands for is something that some users still don't understand.
The introduction shows that USB PD refers to USB Power Delivery, which is a fast charging standard formulated and released by USB-IF.
This is also the mainstream compatible fast charging protocol on the market at present, and there are a large number of compatible devices. For this reason, many users are familiar with it.
At the same time, QC is also a fast charging protocol that many users are familiar with.
The full name is fast charging, which was invented by Qualcomm in Qualcomm. In 20 13, Qualcomm introduced QC 1.0, which brought 5V2A voltage and current, shortened the charging time by 40% and greatly upgraded the charging capacity.
In July, 2020, Qualcomm introduced a new fast charging 5, which supports the charging power of 100W and is compatible with fast charging 2.0, 3.0, 4,4+and PD protocols.
In addition to the above-mentioned fast charging agreements from industry stakeholders, smartphone manufacturers are also important members in the field of fast charging technical support.
Among them, OPPO's VOOC flash charging is also low in user cognition. The well-known slogan "charge for 5 minutes, talk for 2 hours" refers to OPPO's VOOC flash charging. In terms of technical realization, OPPO VOOC flash charging adopts the scheme of low voltage and high current.
Huawei is also a well-known enterprise in the smart phone industry, with a large number of users. Therefore, the fast charging protocol applied by Huawei products also has an impact on the technical development of the industry to a certain extent.
According to the data, Huawei's fast charging protocols include FCP (Fast Charging Protocol) and SCP (Super Charging Protocol). Among them, Huawei supported FCP protocol in the charger attached to Mate8, and more SCP fast charging technology was mentioned in subsequent use.
In addition, as Xiaomi, which has always had a good reputation in the smart phone market, it is also making continuous efforts in the field of fast charging.
According to the official information released by Xiaomi, fast charging support for multiple gears can be provided at present. The latest official news shows that its wired and wireless charging capabilities have once again broken through.
However, with the emergence of different charging protocols in the market, users sometimes find that different brands of charging equipment protocols are incompatible in actual use. This is also an aspect that many users hope to improve.
On May 28th, the Telecommunication Terminal Industry Association issued the Technical Specification for Mobile Terminal Convergence and Fast Charging.
It is mentioned that "there is a long-standing problem of protocol incompatibility in the fast charging industry: only a low charging speed can be achieved between different brands of mobile phones and chargers. It not only seriously affects the user's fast charging experience, but also wastes resources. "
"Xintongyuan, Huawei, OPPO, vivo and Xiaomi took the lead in introducing the technical specifications for fast charging of mobile terminals, which have been strongly supported by many terminal, chip companies and industrial partners such as Glory, Silijie, Ruixinwei, Li Hui Technology, Onbao Electronics and Dianku."
"In the process of standard formulation, Huawei, OPPO, vivo, Xiaomi and other head manufacturers broke the inherent technical thinking pattern and took the lead in formulating a unified technical standard for fast charging of mobile terminals with the aim of adapting to the long-term development needs of industrial ecology."
According to the statement mentioned in the announcement, the manufacturer's fast charging technology may have higher compatibility, which will also bring better experience to users.
After Xiaomi released the first 65W gallium nitride fast charging charger, the word "gallium nitride" began to appear widely in public view. So, what is the difference between the charger with "Gan" and the traditional ordinary charger? Let's talk today.
Different materials are the root of all differences.
The basic material of traditional ordinary chargers is silicon, which is also a very important material in the electronic industry. However, as the limit of silicon approaches, the development of silicon has reached a certain bottleneck, and many manufacturers have begun to try to find more suitable substitutes.
In addition, with the increase of fast charging power, the volume of fast charging head is larger, which is very inconvenient to carry; Some high-power chargers are easy to cause perming when charging for a long time; Therefore, it is more urgent to find new substitute materials.
Gallium nitride (GaN) is called the third generation semiconductor material. Compared with silicon, its performance is doubled, and it is more suitable for making high-power devices, with smaller size and higher power density. The frequency of gallium nitride chip is much higher than that of silicon, which effectively reduces the volume of internal transformers and other components. At the same time, the excellent heat dissipation performance also makes the internal components more precise, and finally perfectly solves the contradiction between charging rate and portability. Obviously, gallium nitride is the alternative material we are looking for.
Knowing their material characteristics, the difference between gallium nitride charger and ordinary charger is self-evident. With the same power, the gallium nitride charger is smaller in size, better in heat dissipation and easy to realize small size and high power.
Since gallium nitride is so good? Why not use it earlier?
The reason is simple: gallium nitride technology was immature before, and the cost was relatively higher! The main cost of GaN charger comes from MOS power chip, and the expensive raw materials directly lead to the high price of consumer-grade GaN charger. At present, there are basically more than 100 GaN chargers on the market. However, with the participation of more and more manufacturers, I believe that the technology will become more and more mature, and it is only a matter of time before the cost is reduced.
Among the charging protocols, the main charging protocol of GaN is PD protocol, which can quickly charge devices supporting this protocol, including MacBook (and other c-port notebooks), iPad Pro, iPhone, Switch and other devices. With the blessing of gallium nitride, I believe that the fast charging power of smart phones is expected to reach a new high.
At present, most gallium nitride chargers on the market are strip-shaped designs. If it is plugged into the wall switch, it is easy to be pulled off by the data cable and then released, so many brands are trying different designs.
Now, is your understanding of gallium nitride charger a step further?
Recently, USB-IF Association released the latest USB PD3. 1 fast charging standard, which increased the charging power from the original 100W to 240W, and supported the maximum voltage output of 48V, which gained wide attention in the industry and caused heated discussion.
Literally, USB PD3. 1 can only be regarded as a minor version update of USB PD3.0, but in terms of power, it is a qualitative leap. What's the difference between USB PD3. 1 and the previous version?
USB PD2.0
The fast charging standard of USB PD2.0 was released in August 20 14, which not only stipulated the USB Type-C interface as the only standard interface, but also gave it more functions, such as charging, data transmission, audio transmission and so on. In terms of charging, the definition of USB PD2.0 supports 5V3A, 9V3A, 12V3A, 15V3A, 20V5A outputs, and the maximum charging power reaches 100W.
However, the Micro USB interface was popular at that time, and the mobile phone market was basically divided by private fast charging protocols such as QC, AFC, FCP and PE, so it was difficult to popularize USB PD fast charging. This situation continued until 20 15, when Apple released the first new MacBook equipped with USB PD2.0 fast charging standard, which officially opened the road to popularization in the field of consumer power.
USB PD3.0
On 20 15 1 1 month, USB PD fast charging ushered in a big version update and entered the era of USB PD3.0 fast charging. Compared with USB PD2.0, USB PD3.0 has three main changes: it adds a more detailed description of the characteristics of the built-in battery of the device; The functions of software and hardware version identification and software update through PD communication are added, as well as the functions of digital certificate and digital signature.
To put it simply, from the charging parameters, USB PD3.0 and USB PD2.0 have not changed, and they still support 5V3A, 9V3A, 12V3A, 15V3A, 20V5A output, and the maximum power is 100W. However, this update has not improved the chaotic situation of fast charging standards in the mobile phone market. The fast charging standards are still fragmented and incompatible.
USB PD3.0 PPS
In order to change the split situation of fast charging protocol in the mobile phone market, USB-IF Association released an important update of USB PD3.0 standard in February 2065438+2007, adding a programmable power supply PPS on the basis of USB PD3.0 standard.
PPS is a power supply supported by USB PD3.0, and it is a power supply that uses USB PD protocol to realize voltage and current regulation. PPS specification integrates two charging modes: high voltage and low current and low voltage and high current. The voltage amplitude modulation drop is also 20mV, which is only one tenth of the standard of QC3.0 at that time, and the adjustment is more accurate.
Moreover, USB-IF Association has also reached an understanding with Thiel Laboratories, aiming at unifying PPS fast charging standard and fast charging technology. At present, PPS fast charging has become a fast charging standard with a high share in the Android mobile phone camp. The mobile phone has a built-in charge pump, which can realize high efficiency, high power and fast charging. Many brands of models such as Xiaomi, Samsung and Meizu are in use.
USB PD3. 1
USB PD3. 1 is a fast charging standard just released by USB-IF association. The fast charging standard of USB PD3. 1 is actually an update based on USB PD3.0 PPS fast charging.
The fast charging specification of USB PD3. 1 divides the power into standard power range (SPR) and extended power range (EPR). Among them, the standard power range is the mainstream USB PD3.0 PPS fast charging standard on the market at present, and the maximum charging power is still100W. The newly added three voltages of 28V, 36V and 48V belong to the expanded power range, and the maximum output current corresponding to the three voltages is 5A, and the maximum output power can reach 240W.
The USB PD3. 1 standard not only adds three groups of fixed voltages, but also adds three groups of adjustable voltage ranges (AVS for short), namely 15V-28V 5A, 15V-36V 5A and 15V-48V 5A. The minimum voltage regulating step of AVS is 0. 1V, and the constant power limiting mode based on PDP continues.
abstract
It has been nearly ten years since the development of USB PD fast charging standard, and it has also experienced many landmark iterations. Among them, USB PD2.0 is a fast charging standard for real mass production and commercial use, which also lays the foundation for realizing the unification of USB PD fast charging. USB PD3.0 has more updates in the protocol identification function, and the charging specification has not changed.
The USB PD3.0 PPS fast charging standard adds a programmable voltage gear, which is compatible with most private fast charging protocols and has become the most widely used fast charging standard in the Android mobile phone market.
USB PD3. 1 mainly expands the application scope of USB PD fast charging standard. In addition to consumer products such as mobile phones and notebook computers, it can also be used in the fields of monitors, servers, power tools, security POE power supply, etc., to realize the vision of "everything can be charged".