1. A contract signed in another person's name is valid if the third person authorizes it before or ratifies it afterwards. If the third party does not know about this or refuses to ratify it, the fraudulent user shall bear the responsibility himself.

2. Signing a contract by pretending to be someone else, if the circumstances seriously involve criminal law, constitutes the crime of contract fraud, and the fraudster shall be investigated for criminal responsibility. If the actor impersonates another person to sign a contract to defraud a large amount of property or has other serious circumstances, he may be suspected of constituting the crime of contract fraud, and may report the case to the public security organ for handling.