Logistics Management Proposal Report
If you want to write a good proposal report and research plan, it is important to do a lot of basic work. The following is the logistics management proposal report that I collected. Welcome to read and learn from it. .
Logistics Management Proposal 1
Graduation Project Topic:
Research and Design of the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Third-Party Logistics Development
1. Basis and significance of topic selection
With the continuous improvement of my country's market economic system, third-party logistics has seen a booming development trend in my country in recent years. However, due to the late start of third-party logistics in our country, and the existence of some influencing factors in the internal and external environment, many problems have arisen in the development process of the third-party logistics industry. The existence of these problems has seriously affected the development of the industry. Especially since China joined the WTO, more and more foreign logistics companies have entered, making the international competition in my country's logistics industry more intense. Therefore, in order to change the status quo and win development, whether it is an economic management department or an enterprise, it is necessary to analyze the status quo scientifically and rationally, and take corresponding measures to carry out reform and innovation to meet new opportunities and challenges. Based on relevant theories and practice, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of third-party logistics in my country and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
2. Methods and main contents of design implementation
(1) Research methods
This paper mainly uses observation method, interview method, field investigation method, etc. Methods, and at the same time, consult relevant books and literature to collect the development status of third-party logistics and give suggestions.
(2) Research content
Introduction: The significance of this paper’s research
1. Overview of third-party logistics
(1 ) The concept of third-party logistics
2. The development status of third-party logistics in my country
(1) The overall scale is small but the development potential is huge.
(2) The imbalance of demand is strong.
(3) Industry concentration is low.
3. Problems in my country’s third-party logistics industry
(1) Imperfect infrastructure
(2) Small-scale enterprises and low service levels
(3) Lack of modern logistics knowledge and professional logistics management talents
(4) The country’s laws and regulations on logistics are not perfect
IV. my country’s third parties Logistics development strategies
(1) Strengthen infrastructure construction
(2) For the bottleneck of small enterprises and low service levels, strategic alliances can be developed and social services can be rationally utilized. stock resources.
(3) Pay attention to the cultivation of talents and implement talent strategies
(4) Relevant departments should improve laws and regulations
V. Conclusion:
The rise of my country’s third-party logistics industry is an inevitable trend of social development. However, there are many difficulties in the development of my country’s third-party logistics, including problems with the business concepts and business models of both logistics supply and demand parties, as well as the logistics development environment and legal system. obstacles. However, in the face of these problems, organic collaboration between the government, enterprises and relevant intermediary organizations is required. Government policies can truly meet the needs of enterprises, the external environment of enterprises can be optimized, and intermediary organizations can play their due role, improve and perfect the internal management of enterprises, and form Only with the joint efforts of relevant organizations and continuous self-improvement can third-party logistics companies occupy a place in future development.
3. Expected results and completion progress
(1) Mid-January? Determine the thesis title
(2) Preparation and completion from early March to March 15 Proposal report
(3) Proposal report for graduation thesis completed from March 16th to March 23rd
(4) Proposal report for graduation thesis completed from March 24th to April 3 First draft
(5) Revise the first draft of the graduation thesis from April 3 to April 25 and finalize it
(6) Conduct the graduation thesis from May 9 to May 10 Review of Logistics Management Thesis Proposal Part 2
The topic is a research on supply chain management of Cikelong Supermarket based on the shortage phenomenon
1. Background and significance of topic selection
Zhejiang China Resources Cikelong Supermarket Co., Ltd. is a Sino-foreign joint venture under China Resources Group. Since its establishment in 1998, it has been among the top 100 chain stores in the country for seven consecutive years. At present, it has more than 70 direct-operated and franchised stores and 65 convenience stores in Cixi, Yuyao and other areas, and has begun to gradually expand to surrounding counties and cities. It can be said that Cikelong Supermarket is in a monopoly position in these areas. China Resources Cikelong Supermarket has always adhered to the business purpose of "benefiting the public with sincerity" and the corporate philosophy of "working hand in hand with you to change lives", and strives to create a clean store environment for ordinary people and provide perfect services and quality. Good and cheap items. Since China Resources Group acquired Cikelong Supermarket in 2005, China Resources Group will use its strong financial backing to build a modern chain enterprise. The development of Cikelong is a typical example of the development of the local retail industry and can also illustrate the development trend of the local retail industry. Therefore, taking Cikelong as an example to illustrate the development status and development trend of the local retail industry is very representative. , Therefore, the focus of this research is to study the weaknesses and existing defects in the development of the local retail industry, and do some discussions to get some inspiration.
With the rapid development of the economy and the pressure brought by large-scale foreign retailers entering the Chinese market, the domestic retail industry is inevitably experiencing a double vicious cycle of rapid expansion of scale and serious lack of operating capabilities. Chain retail Enterprises' pursuit of scale operations often conceals problems in operation and management, creating more and more potential crises in resource integration and management. Enterprises are expanding into various business formats and resources are in short supply. Therefore, only in terms of resources and management Only by being at an advantage can you defeat your opponents in the competition. British economist Christopher believes that there are only supply chains in the market but no enterprises. The real competition is not the competition between enterprises, but the competition between supply chains. Enterprises are only part of the supply chain. Therefore, competition in the 21st century is supply chain competition, and the construction of supply chain management systems has become the key to enterprise success.
The quality of supply chain management is the true measure of the operating level of retail companies. The problems in China's retail supply chain are very serious. At a certain time, there is always a 10% out-of-stock rate, which is equivalent to a sales loss of 8.3 million yuan for a store with annual sales of 150 million yuan. Assuming that through optimized management, the out-of-stock rate can be reduced to about 3%, the store's annual sales can be increased by RMB 5.9 million.
According to a survey conducted by Roland Berger and the China Chain Store and Franchise Association in September 2003 on 12 hypermarkets of 5 chain retail companies in three domestic chain retail cities, the products of chain retail companies Out-of-stock situations will trigger various reactions from consumers, ultimately leading to sales losses for retail companies. 48% of people will buy substitutes of the same variety, 15% of consumers will no longer buy, and 31% of customers will go to another store. If the consumption behavior is implemented at the time of purchase, the customer's store switching rate is 37%. In the United States, if the goods purchased by chain retail companies are out of stock, 60.5% of consumers will buy the same type of substitute, 21.6% of customers will not buy again, and 14.8% of customers will go to another store to purchase before purchasing. The transfer rate is 17.9%. This research result means that Chinese supermarkets will lose more customers than supermarkets in the United States, where the average product out-of-stock rate is 7.4%. The out-of-stock rate of domestic retailers is about 10%, which is far behind the international level. Reports indicate that Chinese supermarket chains lose 83 billion yuan every year due to product shortages.
The significance of the author's research on this topic is:
1. Out-of-stock has become a bottleneck in the supply chain management of the domestic retail industry. How to reduce the out-of-stock rate is a key factor for retail companies to win in the competition. An important factor, product out-of-stock will not only directly affect the sales and total gross profit of retail companies, but also lead to additional labor and inventory costs. At the same time, the product out-of-stock rate is one of the most basic and important indicators that reflects the level of customer service and supply chain management. By tracking it, many problems in supply chain management can be discovered. therefore. Studying the phenomenon of out-of-stock is actually studying supply chain management, drawing favorable conclusions and implementing them can enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
2. The local retail industry has insufficient awareness of the dangers of the out-of-stock phenomenon, and is biased on how to solve the out-of-stock problem. It only considers the development of the enterprise in terms of sales profits and the number of stores. Therefore, the author believes that From the understanding of shortages, we should understand the important position of supply chain management in the operation of the entire retail enterprise, strengthen our understanding of supply chain management, fundamentally solve the problem of shortages, and optimize supply chain management.
2. Research content
(1) Research framework
1. Literature review
1. Relevant theories of supply chain< /p>
2. Supermarket supply chain management theory
2. Domestic retail enterprises’ shortages and supply chain development status quo
3. Overview of the current situation of Cikelong Supermarket< /p>
IV. Reasons for out-of-stock phenomenon in Cikelong Supermarket
V. Measures to improve the supply chain management of Cikelong Supermarket
1. Introduce ECR model to optimize Cikelong Supermarket Supply chain management of Kelong Supermarket
(1) Introduction of ECR ??model
(2) Areas affected by the implementation of ECR ??model
(3) Cikelong Supermarkets use the ECR model to improve supply chain management
2. Use management and business rules to incorporate business partners into their own systems and gain collaborative advantages
(1) Establish information exchange and *** Sharing mechanism
(2) Establish a reasonable supplier incentive mechanism
(2) Focus and difficulties of research
Focus on the impact of shortages And how to reduce the out-of-stock rate, substantially improve the supply chain management of local retail enterprises, solve the bottlenecks of retail enterprises in supply chain management, break through the current limitations, change traditional concepts, and start from optimizing supply chain management rather than from Increase the profits of retail companies at scale.
(3) Key issues to be solved
Since China’s accession to the WTO, the development of the domestic retail industry has been a hot topic of research. Retail companies are all trying to improve their core business. We have put a lot of effort into competitiveness and scale, but we have not paid enough attention to the impact of logistics on retail companies, and our concepts have not been updated. Why is it that supply chain management has never been solved in local retail operations? Supermarkets are among the most important players in this area. A lot of money, manpower and material resources were lost. The research on this topic starts from the basic problem - out of stock, to study the importance and urgency of supply chain management in supermarket management.
3. Feasibility Demonstration of the Research
(1) Based on the conditions
From the very beginning, I decided to write this topic. The author has mastered it from many aspects. I have obtained materials and information about supply chain management, consulted reliable information from many channels, libraries, the Internet, etc., mastered first-hand data, had a certain ability to analyze this issue, and had basic management knowledge. In research This topic selection also has advantages.
(2) Research methods
1. Collect information
Check books, magazines, journals, materials, etc. in libraries, reading rooms, bookstores, etc., and make full use of them Documentation; use network resources to browse and collect relevant materials and information.
Conduct an on-site inspection of Cikelong Supermarket and obtain first-hand information for research and analysis.
2. Research data
Carry out a comprehensive browsing of the collected data, and use different reading methods for different data; while researching the data, keep records of the data. The field research for this article mainly adopts qualitative analysis method.
3. Clarify the arguments and select materials
Based on the research materials, put forward your own opinions and opinions, establish the basic arguments and sub-arguments according to the topic selection, and screen the materials .
4. Writing
Select materials based on your own opinions, establish the framework of the outline paper, and complete the first draft.
5. Modify and supplement
Pay attention to news and other publications, add useful and relevant information in a timely manner, and finally write it down.
(3) Progress plan
The first phase (December 1, 2004
3rd to 26th, 2 weeks in total): Collection information, determine the title of the paper, and make a preliminary outline.
The second stage (December 27, 2004 - January 16, 2005, 3 weeks in total): Revise the outline, complete the literature review (Chinese, English) and proposal report.
The third stage (February 1st to February 28th, winter vacation, 4 weeks in total): field investigation, research and analysis and thinking.
The fourth stage (March 1st to March 18th, 3 weeks in total): Revise the literature review and proposal report.
The fifth stage (March 19th - April 10th, 3 weeks total): Complete the first draft of the paper.
The sixth stage (April 11th - May 10th, 4 weeks in total): Complete the thesis revision work, finalize the final draft, write the paper and prepare for defense.
4. Expected results
From a large amount of literature and information, we can conclude the importance of the supply chain in the entire supermarket operation, fundamentally change people's traditional concepts, and solve the problem of At present, the local retail industry has problems in supply chain management. We need to strengthen weak links, starting from solving the shortage phenomenon, and comprehensively optimize supply chain management to create value for enterprises.
References
[1] Gong Guohua, Hu Jiali, Zhang Feng. Looking at the supply chain management of the retail industry from the phenomenon of product shortages [J]. Logistics Technology, 2004, ( 5).
[2] Xiao Yi. Core capabilities and supply chain management of retail enterprises[M]. Shopping mall modernization, 2001, (7).
[3] Peng Lei , Chen Yuegang, Peng Diyun. Supply chain management: strategic choices for the development of my country's retail enterprises after joining the WTO [J]. Finance and Economics, 2002, (12).
[4] Xu Zhenyu, He Shudong. How to carry out supply chain Management[J]. Peking University Press, 2003, (12).
[5] Wang Zhen. Why are terminals out of stock[J]. Tsinghua University Press, 2006.
[6] Zeng Qingqiang. The crux of the shortage in the retail industry[M]. Logistics Times, 2006, (9).
[7] Chen Guang. Carrefour Supermarket Strategy[J]. Nanfang Daily Publishing House, 2004 ,(6).
[8] Gong Guohua, Gong Yiming. Production and operations management-manufacturing and service industry[M]. Shanghai Fudan University Press, 1998.
[9] Du Xingcheng. Supply chain management is indispensable for the retail industry [M]. Chinese Businessmen: Business Managers, 2003, (11).
[10] The current situation of shortages in China’s retail industry [ M]. Chinese Entrepreneur, 2004. (8).
[11] Yu Ying. Discussion on solutions to stock shortages in Chinese chain retail enterprises [M]. China Science and Technology Information, 2006, (4 ).
[12] Ding Kesi, Yang Shanna, Zhang Feng. Looking at the operational optimization of China's retail supply chain from the perspective of "out-of-stock rate" [M]. 2003, (11).
[13] Anonymous. Looking for 6.4 million yuan in store losses—a new interpretation of the Chinese retailers’ stock-out survey report [M]. Sales and Market: China Commerce and Trade, 2004, (2).
[ 14] Li Sucai. Analysis and Countermeasures of Out-of-stock Phenomenon in Global Retail Industry [M]. Information and Computers. 2003, (11).
[15] Lin Qiaoyun. Acquisitions and Mergers in China’s Retail Industry [M]. 2006 ,(2).
[16]Accenture. Supply chain management reveals the secrets on retail store shelves[M].IT168,
[17]Michael Hugos. Supply The Essentials of Chain Management[J]. Renmin University of China Press, 2005, (5)
[18] Alan Braithwai. Global supply chain management promotes the development of the retail industry [J]. 2002, (5) .
[19]Barry Berman, Joel R.Evans.Retail Management[M].Prentice Hall, 2000.
[20]Ananth Raman, Nicole DeHoratius, Zeynep Ton.Execution —The missing link in retail operations[J].California Management Review, 2001.
[21]Schary Philip B, Christopher Martin. The Anatomy of a Stock out[J].Journal of Retailing,1979.
[22]Wharton Knowledge.Delving into the Mystery of Customer Satisfaction: A Toyota for the Retail Market?[M].2005,(7).Logistics Management Proposal Report 3
Graduation project type
1. Basis and significance of topic selection
With the progress of the times and the requirements of the whole society for the development of the express delivery industry, today, the private express delivery industry is developing rapidly, but in develop
In the process, a series of problems were also exposed. This article is based on the actual understanding of XX Express and the study of its basic situation, and puts forward the practical problems existing in its company's business operations. After a detailed analysis of the causes of the problems, it is based on the fundamentals, making overall arrangements, and proposes a series of solutions to solve XX Viewpoints and methods on business operation issues of express delivery companies. It aims to promote better and faster development of enterprises by improving, adjusting and updating the entire operating process and operating methods.
2. Methods and main contents of design implementation
(1) Research methods
This article mainly uses observation, interview, field investigation and other methods. At the same time, consult relevant books and literature to collect relevant information on the warehousing management system of modern logistics enterprises.
(2) Research content
Introduction: The significance of this study
1. Analysis of the overall development level of my country’s express delivery industry
(1 ) Overview of the development of my country's express delivery industry
(2) Basic situation of my country's express delivery business operations
(3) Main problems existing in my country's express delivery business operations
II , XX Express Company’s business profile
(1) XX Express Company’s business profile
(2) XX Express Company’s business profile
3. XX Express Company’s current business operations And analysis of existing problems
(1) Current status of XX Express Company’s business operations
(2) Analysis of existing problems in XX Express Company’s business operations
IV. Suggestions for solving the business operation problems of XX Express Company
(1) Develop business operation standards
(2) Improve infrastructure construction and increase equipment investment
( 3) Adopt the e-commerce logistics distribution model
(4) Introduce professional talents and enhance core competitiveness
(5) Learn from excellent foreign experience and actively improve its own shortcomings
(6) Strengthen the customer service department’s ability to handle problems
V. Summary of the logistics management project report 4
The purpose and significance of the topic selection:
With the rapid development of the logistics industry in my country, the logistics industry has gradually been considered by scholars in the industry as "logistics is the last virgin land for enterprises to explore profits" and "the third source of profits" and other important ways to increase revenue for enterprises. However, it is not the same as Compared with developed countries, although our country’s logistics industry has the advantages of “late start, rapid development, and sufficient potential” and has great development potential, for now, the focus of the development of my country’s logistics industry mainly remains in the positive direction. In terms of logistics, the level of attention paid to reverse logistics is still not enough.
Due to the relatively low technical content of my country’s logistics industry and the imperfection of relevant systems, the emerging reverse logistics is not only unable to develop as vigorously as forward logistics and become a new way for enterprises to increase profits, On the contrary, it has become a stumbling block to the development of enterprises, and many problems have emerged that restrict and affect the development of enterprises during the implementation process. As the logistics industry continues to grow, the state not only proposes concepts such as “building a resource-wasteful and environmentally friendly social scientific development concept”, but also advocates green consumption, development of green industry and other trends as the focus of development. More and more scholars and Entrepreneurs have turned their attention to reverse logistics, and developing reverse logistics has become a new direction for enterprises and countries. Therefore, developing reverse logistics not only has ideal significance, but also has epoch-making significance for the application of world resources.
Literature review and research status:
Regarding the current international situation, while the logistics industry continues to grow, reverse logistics has gradually become a new direction of development. In order to enable the emerging reverse logistics to develop better, industry experts and scholars have discussed it from various aspects.
In terms of the organization method of reverse logistics, Liu Jian from the School of Management of Huazhong University of Science and Technology pointed out in the article Reverse Logistics in the Supply Chain that the establishment of the organization method of reverse logistics should start from the market mechanism, network structure, and hierarchical control structure. (Enterprise model) Starting from these three aspects, he advocates that reverse logistics should not adopt the market transaction mechanism, but adopt the enterprise or network model. Through his research on the actual network organization, he concluded that the cooperative relationship and network relationship between enterprises can create a certain These tangible assets cannot be copied, so it is proposed that the best organizational form of reverse logistics is the network structure (integrated supply chain) structure.
From the perspective of the strategic significance of developing reverse logistics, Liu Tao and Hu Liege of Changsha University of Science and Technology, in their article "Research on Recycling Reverse Logistics Strategies", proposed that the development of recycling reverse logistics has the advantages of being a waste of resources and beneficial to Environmental protection, organizing and implementing recycling reverse logistics, and turning waste into treasure are conducive to the strategic significance of promoting our country to achieve an "environmentally friendly society" as soon as possible.
From the perspective of strategy in reverse logistics, Xu Jinbo and Zhu Xia drew from their articles on the achievements and response strategies in recovering reverse logistics. They listed that my country’s response strategies include government guidance, social promotion, and enterprise Linkage and source control.
From the discussion of the reasons affecting the development of reverse logistics, Wang Guohong and Zhao Tao from the School of Management of Tianjin University concluded from the technical content and strategic research on the obstacles to the development of reverse logistics that the most difficult situation in the development of reverse logistics is The basic reason is that the serious lag in technical research and development makes it difficult to meet the current technical needs for the development of reverse logistics. These deficiencies prevent enterprises from obtaining sufficient profits and lack of motivation to enter, which in turn leads to "market failure" and makes the development of reverse logistics fall into a vicious cycle.
From the aspect of return reverse logistics, Wu Rong, Long Ziquan, and Li Qi discussed the return management strategies of wholesale enterprises and pointed out that the reasons for return reverse logistics include problems in cargo transportation and order output errors. , customer returns, time issues, supply and demand issues, etc. The determination of return reverse logistics strategies should be based on solving the causes of problems.
Some scholars have also discussed the construction of reverse logistics systems by enterprises. For example, in terms of network optimization, Xu Li and Liu Caixia have proposed three options for constructing reverse logistics systems: adding reverse logistics based on the original logistics system. Channel, establish an independent reverse logistics network, and outsource to professional third-party reverse logistics companies.
Regarding the current situation abroad, the logistics industry started early in developed countries and has taken a relatively long time to develop. Regarding the research on logistics and reverse logistics, foreign scholars not only study it from a practical perspective, but also Technology development strategies are also derived from enterprise practice.
From the perspective of the origin of reverse logistics, as early as 1992, Stock proposed that reverse logistics was gradually formed based on mitigating environmental and energy crises.
From the definition of reverse logistics, American reverse logistics expert Dr. Rogers and others believe that reverse logistics mainly includes: ① Due to damage, seasonality, re-storage, defective products, recalls or excessive inventory, etc. ②Recycled packaging materials or containers; ③Repaired, remade or refurbished products; ④Disposal of abandoned machines or equipment; ⑤Disposal of risky items; ⑥Restore the value of products.
From the perspective of reverse logistics technology, Fleischman and others believe that reverse logistics needs to increase capacity and equipment flexibility as well as additional safety inventory to cope with variability and uncertainty. The lack of hard technology in foreign countries is mainly reflected in the limited level of recycling technology for small amounts of waste, and the lack of soft technology is mainly reflected in the lack of effective management methods and control models [4].
In terms of technology development strategy, in February 2004, the European Union passed an environmental protection "dual directive" (WEEE and ROHS directives) for consumers to be responsible for recycling and disposing of waste electronic equipment. Product materials, parts and design processes have put forward higher environmental protection requirements; currently, many well-known companies such as General Motors, Sears, and 3M have successively introduced information management systems for reverse logistics: Kodak has recycled once through a reverse logistics system 310 million sex cameras: Japan’s Sony has jointly established a low-cost, high-efficiency home appliance recycling system with 15 companies including Mitsubishi, Hitachi, and Fujitsu [4].
Innovative ideas:
Based on the current research on reverse logistics by scholars and on the basis of summarizing the scholars’ practice, the innovation of this article is to propose a comprehensive reverse logistics model, that is, : Add return reverse logistics on the basis of recycling reverse logistics.
Paper outline:
1. Introduction
(1) Purpose and significance of topic selection
(2) Current status of international and foreign research
2. Definition of reverse logistics
(1) The concept of logistics
(2) The extension of reverse logistics
1. Recycling reverse logistics The meaning of logistics
2. The definition of return and reverse logistics
(3) Discuss the relationship between forward logistics and reverse logistics
3. The current situation of reverse logistics in my country
(1) Current status of reverse logistics
1. Discussion of the current status of recycling reverse logistics
2. Description of the current status of return reverse logistics
(2) Comparison of the development status of logistics and reverse logistics
IV. Problems that have emerged in the implementation of reverse logistics in my country
(1) Analysis of problems in the implementation of reverse logistics
1. ×××××
2. >
1. Propose countermeasures from the enterprise process
2. Improve national policies and regulations to promote the development of recycling reverse logistics
(2) Return reverse logistics
1. Propose countermeasures from the enterprise perspective
2. Industry perspective
3. Improve national policies and regulations
Progress arrangement:
20xx.10.14-20xx.10.24 Students choose topics (can be drawn up by themselves)
20xx.10.25-20xx.11.4 The department arranges instructors and issues letters of responsibility
20xx.11.7 -20xx.12.5 Writing the proposal report
20xx.12.5-20xx.12.9 Project proposal meeting
20xx.12.10-20xx.2.20 Writing the first draft of the paper
20xx. Submit the first draft before 2.20
20xx.2.20-20xx.5.7 Revise the paper
20xx.3.12-20xx.3.16 Mid-term reflection
Submit the final paper before 20xx.5.7 Draft (electronic version and paper version)
20xx.5.19-20xx.5.20 Debate
References:
[1] Liu Jian. Supply chain Reverse logistics [J]. Business Economics and Management, 2002:11-13
[2] Liu Tao, Hu Liege. Research on recycling reverse logistics strategy [J]. Logistics Technology, 2008:07-08
[3]Xu Jinbo, Zhu Xia. Problems and countermeasures in recycling reverse logistics [J]. Logistics Engineering and Management, 2009:54-55
[4] Wang Guohong , Zhao Tao. Technical content and strategic research on obstacles in the development of reverse logistics [J]. Science and Technology Progress and Countermeasures, 2008: 26-29
[5] Wu Rong, Long Ziquan, Li Qi. On Return management strategies for wholesale enterprises [J]. Logistics Technology, 2005: 12-14
[6] Xu Li, Liu Caixia. Construction of reverse logistics system [J]. Science and Technology Improvement Strategies, 2004, 21( 8):10-12
[7] Wang Dongdong, Da Qingli. Research on maintenance supply chain operation plan including reverse logistics [J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2006, 11(5): 36- 39
[8] Yang Yuexin, Research on reverse logistics issues carried out by Chinese enterprises [J]. Group Economic Research, 2007, (29);