1. Translation + key words of the classical Chinese text "Wang Lie"

Hello! Wang Lie, courtesy name Yanfang, was born in Taiyuan.

He studied under Chen Shi when he was young. He was famous in his hometown for his noble moral character. A cattle thief was caught by his owner. The thief confessed to the owner and said, "I am willing to be sentenced to beheaded. I just ask that Wang Yanfang not know about it."

Wang Lie heard that the Hou faction People went to visit him and gave him half a piece of cloth. Someone asked why this is? Wang Lie said: "The cattle rustler is afraid that I will know his fault, which shows that he has a sense of shame.

Since he has a sense of shame, he will definitely be able to correct his mistakes. I did this just to encourage him to correct his mistakes." Later there was An old man lost a sword on the road. A passer-by saw it and waited beside the sword. Until evening, the old man came back to look for the sword, got the lost sword, asked his name in surprise, and told the king about it. strong.

Wang Lie sent someone to find out who the sword guard was, and it turned out to be the man who stole the cattle. To be praised by righteous deeds: To praise those who steal cattle in the village: Here it refers to cattle rustlers who are afraid of stealing. I heard their fault: The fault is until dusk: Dusk: In the evening, it is strange and asking his name is strange: I am surprised. I hope you can translate it. satisfy! Thanks.

2. Classical Chinese essays on reforming evil and doing good

Wang Lie, courtesy name Yanfang, was born in Taiyuan.

He studied under Chen Shi when he was young. He was famous in his hometown for his noble moral character. A cattle thief was caught by his owner. The thief confessed to the owner and said, "I am willing to be sentenced to beheaded. I just ask that Wang Yanfang not know about it."

Wang Lie heard that the Hou faction People went to visit him and gave him half a piece of cloth. Someone asked why this is? Wang Lie said: "The cattle rustler is afraid that I will know his fault, which shows that he has a sense of shame.

Since he has a sense of shame, he will definitely be able to correct his mistakes. I did this just to encourage him to correct his mistakes." Later there was An old man lost a sword on the road. A passer-by saw it and waited beside the sword. Until evening, the old man came back to look for the sword, got the lost sword, asked his name in surprise, and told the king about it. strong.

Wang Lie sent someone to find out who the sword guard was, and it turned out to be the man who stole the cattle. 3. Classical Chinese essays about reform

Reform of cattle stealing

Pei Songzhi

At that time, there were cattle thieves in the country. The owner of the cattle got it. The thief said: "I I was confused by the encounter. From now on, I will correct my mistakes. Fortunately, Wang Lie heard about it. "When someone complained to Lie, Lie left one end of the cloth behind and asked: "This person is a thief, so he is afraid. When the king heard about it, why did he give it to him? " Lie said: "In the past, Duke Mu of Qin had his horse stolen, and he gave it to him to eat. To be able to regret one's mistakes and be afraid of what one has done is to know the shame and evil, and to know the shame and evil will lead to good intentions.

In the years to come, I will bear the heavy burden for you. After walking for dozens of miles, I wanted to leave him. I asked him his name, but he didn't tell me. After a while, the old man lost his sword on the road. The owner was lost forever. He wanted to take it, but he was afraid of making a mistake, so he kept it until dusk. When the sword owner saw him again, the old man took his arm and asked, "You, the former bearer for me, can't name me." Guarding my sword again on the road is not as benevolent as a son. Please tell me your name, and I will tell it to Wang Lie. " Then he left with words.

The old man told Wang Lie, who said: "There are benevolent people in the world, but I can't see them. "Then people suggested that he was a cattle thief in the past.

Translation: At that time, there was a cattle thief in the feudal country where Wang Lie was located, and he was caught by the owner of the cattle. The cattle thief said: "I was confused for a moment when I saw a cow and had evil thoughts. From now on, I will definitely change my past mistakes. After you pardon me, I hope Wang Lie will not know about this matter. "Some people among the people told Wang Lie about this, and Wang Lie took out a certain amount of cloth and gave it to the cattle stealer. Someone asked Wang Lie: "This man has already stolen something. I am afraid that you will know about it, so you give him cloth instead. , why is this? Wang Lie replied: "During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Mu of Qin State, someone stole his horse and killed it to eat. (After Duke Mu captured the horse thief, he rewarded the horse thief with wine." (Later) the horse thief spared no effort in his own life (on the battlefield) to save Duke Mu from the great disaster. Now that the cattle thief has repented of his mistake and is afraid that I will know about it, this shows that he has learned to be ashamed. If you understand integrity, you will have a desire to be kind, so give him a cloth to encourage him to be kind.

"After a year, there was an old man carrying a heavy load on the road. A man saw him and took the initiative to carry it for him for dozens of miles. When he was approaching the old man's house, he put down his load and left. The old man asked him his name, but he didn't tell him. Not long after, the old man went out again and left his sword on the road. A passerby saw the sword and left it alone, but was worried that if the passerby behind him picked it up, the owner of the sword would be killed. I lost my sword forever, and wanted to pick it up and take it away to find the owner, but I was worried that something would go wrong, so I just guarded the sword. When the owner returned in the evening, he met the sword guard who had picked it up for him last time. 4. The classical Chinese translation of "De Xing"

The classical Chinese translation of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu De Xing" is as follows: Chen Zhongju's words and actions are the standards for scholars and a model for the world.

< p> When he became an official for the first time, he was determined to revolutionize national politics. When he arrived at the county, he asked about Xu Ruzi's residence and wanted to visit him first.

The chief secretary reported: "Everyone." The meaning is that I hope that the emperor of the government will first go to the official office to take care of the matter. "Chen Zhongju said: "King Wu of Zhou praised Shang Rong as soon as he defeated Yin, and he didn't even bother to rest at that time.

I respect wise people, so why not go to the official office first? "Zhou Ziju often said: "I won't see Huang Shudu for a while, and my vulgar and greedy thoughts will grow again! "Guo Linzong arrived in Runan County, visited Yuan Fenggao, and left after meeting for a while; he went to visit Huang Shudu, but stayed for a day or two. When others asked him why, he said: "Shudu is as wide and deep as a ten thousand hectares of lakes, and it is impossible to clarify. , and it is impossible to confuse it. His Qi is deep and wide, and it is difficult to measure! "Li Yuanli has outstanding demeanor, dignified character, and high self-esteem. He should regard it as his own responsibility to promote Confucian ethics and distinguish right from wrong throughout the country.

Anyone who can get his teachings will consider themselves to be famous. On the Dragon Gate. Li Yuanli once praised Xun Shu and Zhong Hao and said: "Xun Jun is so wise that it is difficult for people to surpass him; Zhong Jun has the most beautiful virtues, but they can be learned." "

Chen Shi, the magistrate of Taiqiu County, went to visit Xun Shu, the Marquis of Langling. Because his family was poor and frugal, and there were no servants to serve him, he asked his eldest son Yuan Fang to drive him off, and his youngest son Ji Fang followed him with a cane. Behind the car. Grandson Changwen was still young and sat in the car.

When they arrived at Xun's house, Xun Shu asked her uncle to greet the guests and asked Ciming to serve them. He was still young and sat on Xun Shu's lap.

At this time, Taishi reported to the court: "There is a real person going east. Someone asked Chen Jifang, "What merits did your father, Taiqiu, have that enabled him to bear such a high reputation in the world?" Ji Fang said: "My father is like a laurel tree growing on the mountainside of Mount Tai. Above is a steep mountain peak thousands of feet high, and below is an unfathomable abyss. The top of the tree is moistened by dew, and the roots are nourished by spring water." , at such a time, how could the cassia tree know how high Mount Tai is and how deep the abyss is? So I don't know what merit my father has. "

Chen Yuanfang's son Chen Changwen had outstanding talents. He and Chen Jifang's son Chen Xiaoxian each discussed their father's career and moral character. The two couldn't argue, so they went to ask their grandfather, Chen Shi, the chief of Taiqiu. Chen Shi Said: "It's hard for Yuan Fang to be an elder brother, and it's hard for Ji Fang to be a younger brother. "

Jubo Xun went to a distance to visit his friend's illness, and happened to encounter foreign bandits attacking the county. The friend said to Jubo: "I can't survive now, you can leave!" Jubo said, "I came from afar to see you, but you told me to leave. Is this what I, Jubo Xun, did in order to survive at the expense of morality?" The robber entered the county town and said to Ju Bo, "The army has arrived and everyone in the city has fled. What kind of man are you to dare to stay alone?" Ju Bo said, "My friend is sick and I can't bear to leave him. I would rather die on my friend's behalf." The robbers heard this and talked among themselves: "We, the unethical people, invade a moral place!" " So he withdrew the army, and the whole city was saved.

Hua Xin treated his children very seriously. Even at home, the etiquette was as solemn and solemn as in the court. But brother Chen Yuanfang was They tried their best to practice harmonious and friendly methods.

However, neither family has lost the principles of harmony and peace. Guan Ning and Hua Xin were digging the ground to plant vegetables in the vegetable garden when they saw a small piece of gold on the ground. Guan Ning ignored it and picked up the hoe, just like removing tiles and stones. Hua Xin picked up the gold and threw it away.

Another time, the two of them were sitting at the same table reading, and a dignitary passed by the door in a car. Guan Ning continued to study, but Hua Xin put down his book and ran out to read. Guan Ning cut the mat, separated the seats, and said, "You are not my friend."

Wang Lang often praised Hua Xin for his knowledge and magnanimity. Hua Xin once gathered his sons and nephews together for a banquet on the day of the wax festival, and Wang Lang also followed his example.

Someone mentioned this to Zhang Hua, and Zhang Hua said: "Wang Lang learned from Hua Xin, but he only learned superficial things, so he became farther and farther away from Hua Xin." Hua Xin and Wang Lang rode together They were taking refuge on a boat, and a man wanted to take them on board. Hua Xin immediately expressed embarrassment at the request.

Wang Lang said: "Fortunately, the boat is still wide, why not?" Later, the robbers came after him, and Wang Lang wanted to get rid of the boatman. Hua Xin said: "That's why I hesitated at the beginning.

I have agreed to his request, how can I abandon him just because the situation is urgent?" Then he still took him and helped him. The world will judge the merits of Hua Xin and Wang Lang based on this incident.

Wang Xiang served his stepmother, Mrs. Zhu, very carefully. There was a plum tree in his family, which produced particularly good plums. His stepmother had always sent him to look after it.

Sometimes when the wind and rain suddenly come, Wang Xiang hugs the tree and cries. One time, Wang Xiang was sleeping in another bed, and his mother went to assassinate him. It happened that Wang Xiang got up and went out at night, cutting only the empty quilt.

After Wang Xiang came back, he knew that his stepmother was deeply regretful about this incident, so he knelt in front of his stepmother and begged for his death. The stepmother was moved and came to her senses, and from then on she loved him as her own son.

King Wen of Jin praised Ruan Sizong as the most prudent. Whenever he talked with him, his words were very profound and profound, and he never commented on the shortcomings of others. Wang Rong said: "I have been with Ji Kang for twenty years, and I have never seen him express emotions of joy or anger."

Wang Rong and He Qiao lost their mothers at the same time, and both were praised for their filial piety. Wang Rong was as skinny as a stick, while He Qiao was mourning and crying, and his etiquette was thoughtful.

Emperor Wu of Jin said to Liu Zhongxiong: "Do you often visit Wang Rong and He Qiao? I heard that He Qiao was too sad and went beyond the rules of etiquette, which is really worrying." Zhongxiong said: "He Qiao Although the etiquette was thoughtful, his mental state was not damaged; although Wang Rong was not polite, he was too sad and hurt his body.

I think He Qiao is a filial piety, and Wang Rong is not a filial piety. We should worry about He Qiao, but worry about Wang Rong."

The king of Liang and the king of Zhao were close relatives of the emperor, and they were very noble. Zhongshu ordered Pei Kai to ask the two feudal states to allocate millions of tax dollars every year to help the poor among the emperor's relatives.

Some people criticized him and said: "Why do you ask people for money to do good deeds?" Pei Kai said: "It is natural law to spend those who have more to subsidize those who are in need." Wang Rong said: "The Taibao is in the position of In the Zhengshi era, he was not the type of person who was good at talking. 5. Translate the following classical Chinese text

When Zhu Di grew up a little, he began to learn the art of war. Taking advantage of the geographical advantages of Youzhou and the ancient Yan Kingdom, he took advantage of Zhu Yunzong's cowardice and incompetence, and marched directly into the Central Plains area, and finally established the world.

After becoming the emperor, he personally made frugal measures. His demeanor never blocks the path of admonishment, regardless of floods or droughts, or reports in the morning or evening. He understands his subordinates and can arrange them in the right position. People can clearly see his happiness and anger on the outside and what he is thinking in his heart. .

His military strategy was as wise as that of Zhu Yuanzhang. The Ming Dynasty army went out several times to eliminate the Yuan Dynasty forces in the Mobei area.

In his later years, his prestige increased. The virtues spread far and wide, and the surrounding countries obeyed. There were thirty countries in the country that paid tribute to China. The area of ??these thirty countries was far wider than that of the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. /p>

He achieved great success and was mighty and heroic, extremely extraordinary (hope to be adopted) 6. "The Biography of Chun Shenjun" Classical Chinese version

Chun Shenjun was a native of Chu, named Xie. His surname was Huang. Defeated at Huayang, the Wei general Mang Mao was defeated. Han and Wei surrendered and served Qin. King Zhao of Qin ordered Bai Qi to join forces with Han and Wei to attack Chu, but they failed to do so. However, Chu sent Huang Xie to Qin and heard about Qin's plan. .

At that time, Qin sent Bai Qi to attack Chu, take the counties of Wu and Qianzhong, move Yanying, and reach Jingling in the east. King Qingxiang of Chu moved eastward and ruled in Chen County. Huang Xie saw that King Huai of Chu was lured into the court by Qin, so he saw the deception and stayed in Qin to die.

The son of King Qingxiang, Qin Qingzhi, was afraid that he would destroy Chu with one attack. Xie Nai wrote to King Qin Zhao saying: There is no one in the world stronger than Qin or Chu.

Now I hear that the king wants to attack Chu, and here are two tigers fighting each other. When two tigers fight each other and the slave dog suffers the disadvantages, it is not as good as being good at Chu.

I would like to tell you what I said: I heard that when something comes, it will be reversed, and this is true in winter and summer; when it comes, it will be dangerous, and this is a tired chess game. Nowadays, in the land of a great country, there are two places all over the world. Since the birth of the people, there has never been a land of ten thousand vehicles.

The former emperor Wen Wang and Zhuang Wang should not be rashly connected to Qi in the three generations, so as to avoid the importance of obeying relatives. Now the king sent Shengqiao to guard Han, and Shengqiao used his land to enter Qin. This king did not use armor and did not believe in authority, but he gained a land of hundreds of miles.

The king can be said to be capable. The king raised his armor again and attacked Wei. He Du Daliang's gate, raised the river, pulled out the swallows, jujubes, xu, and peaches, and entered Xing. The soldiers of Wei were flying in the sky and did not dare to attack.

The king has many merits. The king rested his troops and settled down, and then resumed them two years later. He also merged with Pu, Yan, Shou, and Yuan, and conquered the Wei family with Linren, Pingqiu, Huang, and Jiyang Yingcheng. The king also cut the north of Pu and added Qi and Qin. If you want to cut off the backbone of Chu and Zhao, all the people in the world will gather together and dare not save them.

The power of the king is also single. If a king can hold on to his merits and maintain his power, and if he can reduce his ambition to attack and enrich the land of benevolence and righteousness, so that there will be no future troubles, then three kings will be less than four, and five uncles will be less than six.

If the king betrays his followers, relies on the strength of the army and revolution, takes advantage of the power of Wei, and wants to use his power to become the master of the world, I am afraid that he will have trouble in the future. The poem says, "There is no beginning for extravagance, and there is an end for freshness."

Yi said, "The fox wades in the water and wets its tail." This is easy to say in the beginning but difficult in the end.

How do you know this? In the past, Zhishi saw the benefits of attacking Zhao but did not know the disaster of Yuci. Wu saw the convenience of attacking Qi but did not know the failure of Qiantun. These two countries are not without great achievements. They are not beneficial to the front and are prone to trouble later.

Wu Zhiyue believed in Yue, so he attacked Qi. After defeating the Qi people in Ailing, he also became the king of Yue and captured Sanzhu Pu. The Zhi family believed in Han and Wei, so they attacked Zhao and attacked Jinyang City. After a while, Han and Wei rebelled and killed Zhi Boyao under the chiseled platform.

The current king is jealous of Chu for not destroying it, but forgets to destroy Chu for its strength, Han and Wei, and the minister is concerned about the king and does not take it. The poem says, "Da Wu lives far away from home without getting involved."

From this point of view, Chu is an aid; neighboring countries are enemies. The poem goes: "If you escape, return it to the dog.

If others have intentions, I will think about it." Now the king of Zhongdao believes in the good kings of Han and Wei, and this is also the belief in Yue in Wu.

I heard this, the enemy must not lie, and the time must not be lost. I am afraid that Han and Wei Bei will resign themselves to eliminate the trouble but actually want to bully the big country.

Why? The king did not have the virtues of Han and Wei, but he had the resentment of many generations. Husband Han, Wei, father and son, brothers died one after another in Qin for ten generations.

The country is ruined, the country is destroyed, and the ancestral temple is destroyed. The abdomen and intestines were cut off, the neck was broken and the body was separated, the body was separated from the body, the bones were exposed in the grass, the head was stiff, looking at each other, the father and son, the old and the weak, tied up and tied up for the group of captives, standing on the road.

The ghosts and gods are left alone and have nothing to eat. The people are in dire straits, their races are scattered, and the sea is filled with those who have been exiled as servants and concubines.

Therefore, if Han and Wei are not destroyed, the state of Qin will be worried. Now Wang Zizhi and the attack on Chu are not too much! And the king attacked Chu and the general sent out his troops? The king will borrow the road to Qiu Yu's Han and Wei Hu? On the day when the troops are sent out, the king is worried that they will not return. This is why the king uses troops to fight against Han and Wei. If the king does not borrow the road from Qiu Yu's Han and Wei forces, he will attack Suishui You soil.

Following the water and the soil on the right, there are vast rivers and great waters, mountains, forests and valleys, which are uninhabitable lands. Even though the king has them, he does not intend to acquire them. This is the king's intention to destroy Chu's reputation without gaining any land.

On the day when the king attacks Chu, the four kingdoms will all raise their troops to respond to the king. The armies of Qin and Chu are not separated, and the Wei family will go out to attack Liu, Fangyu, Zhi, Huling, Dang, Xiao, and Xiang, so the Song Dynasty will be destroyed.

The people of Qi attack Chu from the south, and they must attack Si. These are all plains extending to all directions, and they are fertile lands, so they can attack alone.

The king defeated Chu and enriched Han and Wei in China, making them powerful. Han and Wei were strong enough to rival Qin.

The south of Qi is bounded by the Surabaya River, with the sea to the east and the river to the north. There is no future trouble. No country in the world is stronger than Qi and Wei. Years later, if he fails to become emperor, he will be the emperor of the forbidden king.

Because of the king's vast soil, large number of people and followers, and strong military and revolutionary forces, he caused resentment against Chu in one action and delayed the return of Han and Wei. The emperor was more important than Qi. This was a mistake of the king's plan.

There is nothing better than being kind to a minister who cares for the king. If Qin and Chu unite to form one and face Han, Han will surely hold back.

If the king takes advantage of the dangers of the east mountain and the benefits of the meandering river, Han will definitely become the lord of the pass. If the king garrisoned Zheng with one hundred thousand troops, the Liang family would be devastated, Xu and Yanling would be in Yingcheng, and Shangcai and Zhaoling would not be able to go back and forth. In this way, Wei would also be a marquis within the pass.

Wang Yi is good at Chu, but the leader of the 20,000 chariots in the pass is focused on Qi, and the land on the right side of Qi can be taken over. Once the king's land passes through the two seas, he wants to conquer the world. Yan and Zhao have no Qi and Chu, and Qi and Chu have no Yan and Zhao.

Then it threatened Yan and Zhao, and directly shook Qi and Chu. These four countries surrendered without waiting for pain. King Zhao said: "Good."

So he stopped Baiqi and thanked Han and Wei. He sent an envoy to bribe Chu and made an agreement with the country.

Huang Xie accepted the treaty and returned to Chu. The Chu envoy Xie and the prince were sent to Qin as hostages, and Qin stayed for several years. King Qingxiang of Chu was ill and the prince could not return.

The Prince of Chu and the Qin Dynasty corresponded to Hou Shan, so Huang Xie said to Ying Hou: "Is the Prime Minister of the country sincere and kind to the Prince of Chu?" Ying Hou said: "Yes." Xie said: "Now the King of Chu may not be able to afford it. If the prince is ill, it is better for Qin to return to his crown prince.

If the crown prince is established, his service to Qin will be serious and his virtue will be endless. If he is close to the country, he will be able to store ten thousand chariots. If he does not return, he will be a commoner in Xianyang. If Chu has established a new crown prince, he will not interfere with Qin.

It is not a plan to lose the country and destroy the peace of the country. "

I should like to hear from the king of Qin. The King of Qin said: "Let the Fu of the Prince of Chu go first to inquire about the King of Chu's illness, and then come back and take care of it."

Huang Xie made a plan for the Prince of Chu and said: "The Prince of Qin is keeping the Prince in order to gain benefit. Now. The prince's power cannot be used to benefit Qin, so he is very worried.

However, the two gentlemen of Yangwen are in the middle. If the king is killed and the prince is not there, the prince of Yangwen will be appointed as the queen, and the prince will not be able to do so. It is better to surrender to the Qin Dynasty and go out together with the envoys. If I ask you to stop, I will die."

The prince of Chu changed his clothes to serve as the envoys of Chu to go out, and Huang Xie stayed at home. To thank you for your illness. Prince Du was far away and Qin could not pursue him. Xie said to himself that King Zhao of Qin said: "The prince of Chu has returned and has gone far away.

Xie deserves to die and is willing to die." King Zhao was furious and wanted to listen to him. Suicide also.

Ying Hou said: "Xie is a minister of others, and he is born to favor his master. When the prince is established, he must use Xie." 7. Translation of Liu Lishun's Classical Chinese

"History of the Ming Dynasty Volume 266 ·Biography No. 154·Biography of Liu Lishun"

Original text

Liu Lishun, named Fuli, was born in Qixian County. He went to Chongzhen in the tenth year of the Wanli Examination. In the seventh year, the Chinese style began. When the emperor came to the court, he was promoted to the first place. When he returned to the palace, he said happily: "I have gained a grandson today." "I paid tribute to Xiu Xiu. He was diligent in learning and would not make friends with anyone other than him.

In the spring of the twelfth year, Jifu warned him about his morale. He was responsible for six things. He served as a minister in Nanjing, Zuo Zhongyun, and You Yude. He served as a minister at the Jingyan Festival and served as an official in the East Palace. Li Shun suggested that Hebei should set up important ministers and train those who dared to die as a back-up plan. Sichang, Xue Guoguan and Zhou Yanru repeatedly used things to do things, and Li Li had nothing to do with the Wen Tiren family.

< p> The capital has been invaded by thieves, and the guards are short of pay. It is raining, hungry, and freezing. The officials in charge of the imperial court are urgently asking for money. The generals are only willing to return home and donate money to reward the soldiers who are guarding the city. Zhengse said: "The survival of the country depends on it, and it still needs to be discussed! "The city was destroyed, and my wife Wan and my concubine Li Qing died first. After that, I straightened out the big book and said: "Benevolence and righteousness are passed down by Confucius and Mencius. Wen Xin practices it, why shouldn’t I do the same! "Shu Bi Tou Jian, sixty-three years old. All four of his servants died. The group of bandits, many of whom were from Zhongzhou, came to express their condolences and said: "This is Liu Zhuangyuan of Qixian County, my hometown. He lived in the hometown and was virtuous. Why did he die so suddenly? "Luo Bai cried and left. Later, he gave Zhan Shi the posthumous title Wenzheng. This dynasty gave him the posthumous title Wenlie. ("History of the Ming Dynasty·Volume 266·Biography 154·Liu Lishun Biography")

< p> Translation

Liu Lishun, whose courtesy name was Fu Li, was a native of Qixian County. He passed the provincial examination in the Wanli period, but did not pass the imperial examination until the seventh year of Chongzhen. Chosen first, after returning to the palace, he said happily: "I got a learned man today. "Awarded the post of editor. (Liu Lishun) was more diligent in learning and would not associate with them if they were not good people.

In the spring of the twelfth year of Chongzhen, the capital was in crisis. Shangshu stated six things: boosting morale, subsidizing the poor, selecting good officials, determining the date of departure, establishing a system of rewards and punishments for integrity, and recruiting rebels who were coerced to follow. He successively served as Nanjing Si Ye, Zuo Zhongyun, and You Yude, and then served as a banquet attendant and lecturer in the East Palace. Yang Sichang forced Liu Lishun into the cabinet to manage the affairs of state. Liu Lishun advocated in the court, and Yang Sichang dismissed him from his posts as the official in charge of the banquet and the official in the East Palace. Kaifeng was about to fall. Liu Lishun suggested that Hebei arrange for important officials to guard the city and train suicide fighters as a strategy for future plans. His memorial was shelved and not implemented. Yang Sichang, Xue Guoguan, and Zhou Yanru came to power one after another, and Liu Lishun did not rely on them at all. He came from Wen Tiren's sect, (but) there was no partiality in his remarks.

The rebels invaded the capital in a hurry. The soldiers defending the city were short of pay, and it rained continuously and suffered from hunger and cold. Liu Lishun went to the court room and told the governors to quickly ask for treasury money, and everyone agreed. Liu Lishun sighed and returned home, donating his family's wealth to reward the soldiers who defended the city. Colleagues asked him how to advance or retreat, and (Liu Lishun) said seriously: "(My) life and death depends on the survival of the country. Does (this) need to be discussed?" The city was captured, and his wife Wan and his concubine Li requested to die first. . After the two of them died of anger, Liu Lishun wrote a line of large characters: "Benevolent and righteous is what Confucius and Mencius taught. Wen Xin practiced it, why not me!" After writing, he hanged himself at the age of 63. All four servants died with him. Most of the thieves were from Zhongzhou. They came in to express their condolences and said, "This is Liu Zhuangyuan from Qixian County, my hometown. He was a well-mannered and well-mannered person in his hometown. Why did he die like this?" They gathered together to worship and howl for a while before leaving. Later, he was given the posthumous title Wenzheng, an official named Zhan Shi. The Qing Dynasty gave him the posthumous title Wen Lie. 8. What does "Emperor Lie" mean in ancient Chinese?

Emperor Sizong Lie - Emperor Chongzhen

Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian (February 6, 1611 - April 25, 1644 [ 1]) is the fifth son of Mingguang Sect and half-brother of Mingxi Sect. [2] When he was five years old, his mother Liu was convicted and ordered to be killed by his father. Zhu Youjian was left to be raised by his concubine Xi Li. A few years later, he was raised by another concubine, Dong Li, until he reached adulthood. In the second year of Tianqi (1622), he was canonized as King Xin by Mingxi Zong. Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty died in the seventh year of Tianqi (August 1627 AD). Since he had no heirs, Zhu Youjian ascended the throne on Dingsi day of the same month at the age of 18. The following year, the Yuan Dynasty was changed to Chongzhen, and he was named Emperor Chongzhen.

During his reign, Zhu Youjian vigorously eradicated the eunuchs, was diligent in political affairs, lived frugally, and issued six self-incriminating edicts, but he still could not save the declining Ming Dynasty. In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, peasant uprisings continued, and the Houjin regime outside the country was eyeing the country. It was already in a situation of internal and external troubles. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army captured Beijing. Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Meishan. He was thirty-four years old and reigned for seventeen years.

Zhu Youjian's temple name was Sizong, which was later changed to Yizong and Weizong. In the Qing Dynasty, his posthumous title was the Emperor of Taoism, Respect, Thrift, Kuaiwen, Xiangwu, Tirenzhi, Xiaozhuangliemin, and Emperor Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty, whose posthumous title was Shaotianyi. Buried in Siling Tombs, Ming Tombs. 9. Translation of "Shen Tian" in classical Chinese

The twenty-fifth biography of Shen Tian in Song Dynasty. The original text of Shen Tian was named Gongxiu, and he was a native of Wei County, Wei County.

Great-grandfather Zhong was Shihu Situ. The great ancestor Ping Guanggu, Tian's father Xuan, Xuan Cong's father and brother Yong both returned to the country, and learned by doing practical things.

Yongli Qing and Yanzhou governors. Emperor Gaozu Jianzuo paid homage to Taizhong doctor.

Xuan, Taizu of Yuanjia Dynasty, also experienced the governorship of Yanzhou and Qingzhou. Brother Tian, ??Mo, and Zhu Xiuzhi guarded the sliding platform, but were captured by the captors, and later had to rebel and return.

In Yuanjiazhong, he was the prefect of Jingling. At the beginning of Tian's life, he was the commander of the Hussars and joined the army.

The great ancestor Jian Zuo paid homage to the general in the east palace and returned to Taiwan. I have been in the province for ten years without asking for a break.

He was transferred to the rank of Minister of Dispersed Cavalry, and became General Suiyuan and Prefect of Xiapi. Turn to Beihai and attack General Ningyuan.

Everywhere he goes there is political achievement. He also served as the prefect of Beiqiao and Liang counties, and the general remained as before.

Zhen was taken over by Jun Jingbian, but was repeatedly raided by bandits. When Tian arrived, he secretly knew that the thieves were coming, but he still ambushed the troops at key points, catching them by surprise, and all of them died.

In the twelfth year of Yuanjia, he moved to the military affairs of Lu, Dongping and Jibei counties and the prefect of Taishan. The general remained the same. With both Hui and Wei, it is convenient for the officials and the people.

Wang Yiqing of Linchuan was in Jiangling. He joined the army for Pingxi Zhongbing and was the governor of Hedong. King Yi Ji of Hengyang went to Yiqing, and he visited Anxi Prefecture and joined General Ning Shuo.

The prince was summoned to the cavalry school, but his mother was worried about resigning.

In the 21st year, Jizhou was moved to the lower part of the town, with Tian overseeing the military affairs of the three counties of Jinan, Le'an and Taiyuan in Jizhou and Qingzhou, General Yanglie, and the governor of Jizhou. Next year, he would be added as the prefect of Jinan.

At that time, the governors of the counties were also transferred. Tian said: "After hearing the favor of the court, I should add my ministers to the governor of Jinan. I only admire the superior decree and my desolate heart is scattered. I feel guilty and have suffered more than my fair share." If you favor your own interests and ignore your own interests, how can you be stupid and deluded?

I will fulfill my command and find out whether it is suitable for the river or the lake. Garrison should be set up, and four of them need to be built urgently. The old city of Wengkou is also an important place, so it is suitable to move it to Taiyuan and entrust it with border affairs.

It must be surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the provinces must be eliminated and defended. Sui Huai, convenience and convenience are not the same. Lu Chuocheng's works are deeply in agreement with his ministers' wishes. People who heard them all commented on it, but there were similarities and differences.

But Fang Shao came to the county. Over the years, the army and the people have become rough, and they have changed to lead their ministers. They have been far away from Taiyuan, which has caused hardship to the people. . The threat of punishment on the battlefield will not lead to widespread punishment. If you can be punished first, you will be punished publicly and privately."

The imperial edict said: "What Tian has stated should be considered a matter, and all those who are close to him can stop it."

When the northern invaders invaded, Tian defeated them and was defeated by the captives, and was conquered and returned to the capital. In the twenty-seventh year, he became a regular servant of Tongzhi.

That year, when the South bandits were captured, the king of Wuchang went to Qingzhou. Tian was sent to assist Dongyang, because he and Sima of the auxiliary state and Pang Xiu, the governor of Qijun, defended the city.

Xiao Bin sent Qingzhou’s other driver, Xie Rongzhi, to lead the troops to protect them and return to aid Tian and others, but they still managed to get in near Nanshan. The thieves came to threaten the city, but they retreated at night.

The city is outside the north gate of the car, surrounded by a cut. If you want to challenge, the thieves dare not force you. After stopping for five days, they passed through Qinghe County in the east and thousands of houses in the south of the post road, and left Xiapi from Dong'an and Dongguan.

The governor of Xiapi, Yuanlang, closed the city and guarded it, protecting more than 2,000 families. After the captives retreated, Tian was appointed General Ningshuo and Grand Administrator of Shanyang.

He is good at governing the people and has achieved results wherever he goes. The ancestor of the throne moved to Qingzhou to be governor, but the general remained the same.

Looking to supervise the military affairs of Dongguan and Dong'an counties in Xuzhou. Next year, he will supervise Jizhou again.

Qi Land has been raising troops year after year, and the people are in decline. Tianchu defends the border and encourages farmers to cultivate mulberry trees. In two or three years, everything is good and practical. If the wife has a pure nature and lives in various states and counties frequently, her wife will inevitably be hungry and cold, so the world calls her this.

The title is to assist the general of the country. In the second year of Xiaojian's reign, he moved to supervise the military affairs of Yuzhou, General Ningshuo, and the governor of Yuzhou.

Next year, the illness returned and Yu Dao died at the age of sixty-nine. On the day of death, the family will have no wealth left behind.

Zi Shi, the prefect of Nanqiao County, died early. Translation: Shen Tian, ??named Gongxiu, was from Wei County, Wei County.

Gaozu pacified Guanggu, and Shen Tian's father Shen Xuan and Shen Xuan's cousin Shen Yong were able to return to the dynasty. They were all appreciated for their talents.

Shen Yong successively served as the governor of Qing and Yanzhou. When Emperor Gaozu ascended the throne, Shen Yong was appointed Taizhong doctor.

In the early years of Taizu Yuanjia, Shen Xuan also served as governor of Yanzhou and Qingzhou. Shen Tian initially served as the commander of the Hussars and also joined the army.

When Emperor Gaozu ascended the throne, Shen Tian was appointed as the Lieutenant General of the East Palace and returned to power. He has been on duty in the palace province for ten years without asking for leave to rest.

He was transferred to Yuanwai Sanqi Shilang, and went to court to serve as General Suiyuan and Prefect of Xiapi. Later he was transferred to Beihai and served as General Ningyuan.

He has achieved good results wherever he holds office. He was also appointed as the prefect of Beiqiao and Liang counties, and his position as general remained as before.

The border of Shouguan is connected with the Zhenlin Forest in Rencheng, and it has been plundered by bandits many times. When Shen Tian took office, he secretly knew that the bandits were coming, so he ambush the army in a dangerous place, launched a surprise attack, captured and annihilated them all.

In the twelfth year of Yuanjia, he was promoted to military commander of Dulu, Dongping and Jibei counties and prefect of Taishan. His position as general remained as before. He combines kindness and power, and subordinate officials and people feel peaceful and convenient.

Liu Yiqing, the king of Linchuan, guarded Jiangling, and Shen Tian served as a soldier in Pingxi and the governor of Hedong. Liu Yiji, the king of Hengyang, replaced Wang Yiqing to guard Jiangling. Shen Tian was transferred to Anxi Prefecture and was appointed General Ning Shuo.

Later he was called in and served as the Prince's Cavalry School Lieutenant. He resigned because of his mother's mourning. □□The northern pirates invaded. Shen Tian led his troops to attack, but was defeated by the pirates and recalled to the court.

In the twenty-seventh year, he was appointed as the regular attendant of Tongzhi. In this year, Suolu invaded the south, and their Wuchang king invaded Qingzhou.

The imperial court sent Shen Tian to rescue Dongyang. He took the opportunity to defend the city with Sima of the auxiliary state and Pang Xiuzhi, the governor of Qijun. Xiao Bin sent Qingzhou's voyeur Xie Rongzhi and Yuan Huzhi to reinforce Shen Tian and others. They were able to enter the city by relying on the southern mountains.

The bandits came to threaten the city in the morning and retreated in the evening. The soldiers in the city then drove out of the north gate, dug a circular trench, and built a fort to challenge the enemy so that the thieves would not dare to approach.

After staying for five days, the bandits went east to plunder Qinghe County and thousands of households south of the post road, and then from Dong'an and Dongguan to Xiabiei. Yuan Lang, the prefect of Xiabai, closed the city gate tightly and refused to defend, thus saving more than 2,000 households in the city.

After the bandits retreated, Shen Tian was appointed General Ningshuo and Grand Administrator of Shanyang. He is good at governing the people and has political achievements where he holds office.

Shizu was on the throne, and he was promoted to the governor of Qingzhou, but his position as general remained the same. Soon he also supervised the military affairs of Dongguan and Dong'an counties in Xuzhou.

In the second year, he served as the governor of Jizhou. There have been wars in Qi for many years, and the people's lives are difficult. When Shen Tian first defended the border, he encouraged and urged the people to farm and raise silkworms.

In two or three years, the people all lived a prosperous life. Shen Tian has an honest and simple character and has served as governor of prefectures and counties many times. However, his wife and children still sometimes suffered from hunger and cold.

The world praised him for this. In the second year of Xiaojian's reign, he was promoted to supervise the military affairs of Yuzhou and served as general Ningshuo and governor of Yuzhou.

The next year, he was recalled to the court due to illness and died on the way. He was six years old.