Let’s see what a Tsinghua computer major student thinks about LINUX and WINDOWS! (Reprinted)

This article is written by a Tsinghua student who dropped out! His name is Wang Yin, People are very famous. If you don’t believe me, just look at GOOGLE to find out!

I haven’t worked using Windows for half a year. Linux does all my work efficiently.

GNU/Linux is not something everyone wants to use. If you only need to deal with general affairs and play games, then you

don't need to know the following.

I am not a free software fanatic, although I like free software very much. This article is not intended to promote the free software movement, although I think the free software movement is very good.

This article is not intended to compare Linux and Windows kernel efficiency, file systems, and network services.

I am speaking as a user rather than a developer. Our discussion is based on the operation and application level.

It is to tell scientists and college students in universities who do not know or understand UNIX that UNIX is more suitable for scientific research than Windows. Please understand how UNIX works and don't

Use Windows standards to demand Linux, but use the standards of a scientific worker to demand yourself, and arm yourself with

UNIX ideas.

I am obviously opposed to the promotion of Windows in universities, especially in science and engineering majors. I also oppose the use of Windows in computer enlightenment education for "dolls". Because Windows is incompatible with our goal of cultivating high-tech talents in terms of technology, economy, and ideological style. The popularity of Windows is a legacy of history. Grandpas are of course irredeemable, but we should not let the next generation continue to go astray.

UNIX is not a patent for computer experts

When I suggested that some non-computer majors use Linux, many people said: "UNIX is for computer science.

We can’t understand it.” “UNIX is used by boys, but we girls don’t use it.” But in fact, most scientists and engineers in the world use UNIX as their computer tools. .

Just because it is simple, reliable, stable, powerful and interesting. There are even times when UNIX is the only option.

You said: "If we all use UNIX, what else do you computer majors do?" Fortunately

I tell you that some computer majors specialize in UNIX. To provide you with such a powerful and convenient computer tool

. If they make a tool that only they can use, what use is it?

Understand GNU/Linux and don’t use Windows standards to require Linux.

Because the word GNU/Linux is too long, unless otherwise specified below, "Linux" refers to "GNU/Linux".

In this day and age, I’m afraid no one needs me to introduce what Linux is, right? If you think "Linux is just like DOS", then please ask the Linux user next to you, what exactly is Linux?

Then why do I still write an article like this? Because, I found that there are still many people who do not understand Linux and UNIX. Although they are also using it, they sometimes ask: "Why can't Linux be like Windows?" ...?", "Why can't Redhat Linux mount NTFS partitions?", "What to use to organize the hard disk in Linux?", "When will OpenOffice be fully compatible with Word files?" What can Windows do that Linux can’t do? "...

They have a 40G hard drive, but only allocate 2G space for Linux. Sometimes they complain, "What's wrong with this thing? Taking up so much of the hard disk!" It seems that Windows should take up most of the hard disk. They install important data in Windows partitions and seem to be distrustful of Linux. They are always looking for novel and good-looking GUI programs everywhere, and they disdain the command line stuff.

They are very interested in Drag&Drop, menu configuration, and automatic upgrades. If they find

a Linux program that is very similar to a Windows program, they will be happy to say: "Haha! Linux can also...!"

If Linux is tested in some way They will jump for joy if they beat Windows. When they couldn't use Linux

to solve the problem, they even used Wine to run Windows programs. Sometimes there is really no choice but to restart Windows, or simply save yourself the trouble and install a VMWare under Windows to play Linux as a virtual machine.

If the above situation occurs to you, it means that your thinking has been subtly influenced and misled by Windows.

You fail to intrinsically understand the UNIX ideas that exist in Linux. You support Linux,

You like Linux, and you can feel happy from it, which is very good. All you need to understand now is: Linux has never been a toy, it is a descendant of the genius UNIX. UNIX is the greatest invention since the invention of the transistor,

It was better designed than Windows from the day it was born.

You have to understand what "design" is. A bad design cannot be improved by patching it up later.

And an excellent design can not only be improved by It is adaptable and can influence those who come after. An excellent design

matched with an excellent implementation is a very outstanding invention. Linux is such a brilliant invention.

Linux does not need to catch up with Windows, nor does it need to defeat Microsoft. Its ultimate goal is to change the entire computer world, return people's freedom, and give them fun and convenience.

Unix is ??simple, and you don't need to be a genius to understand this simplicity.

Dennis Ritchie, the designer of UNIX, said: "Unix is ??simple. It just takes a genius

to understand its simplicity." But I don't think so, because I am not a genius, But

I bravely deleted Windows completely, and when I encountered something I didn't understand, I tried to use UNIX methods

to solve it instead of asking for help from Windows. Now that I understand the ideas and benefits of UNIX, I can work several times more efficiently than Windows. Because I believe in this belief: "What Windows can do

Linux can definitely do, and do it better."

The words at the beginning of this section should be changed to: " Unix is ??simple, and you don't need to be a genius or a computer expert

But in a world that is riddled with Windows misconceptions, you need faith and courage to understand it.

Simple." I will tell you something I understand below. First of all, what you need to know is that Microsoft has no status at all in the international scientific field.

Microsoft's status

You may have heard that Microsoft has a bad reputation in universities in Europe and the United States, especially in computer science departments.

Professors from MIT and Stanford, experts from Bell Labs, and even high school computer teachers in a small European country that I know never mentioned Microsoft's name. In their eyes, Microsoft is just a small company that has no real technology and relies exclusively on commercial propaganda and monopoly operations in backward countries. This "small" does not mean that it has few people or money, but that it has few advanced technologies.

Last time I collaborated with Wang Yi to write an algorithm demonstration program. The algorithm was a genius invention of Steven, a scientist at Bell Labs.

Fortune is a genius invention, so that the program can be used by everyone around us. Most people use it, and we chose VC MFC as the

platform. When I was analyzing the algorithm, I received enthusiastic encouragement from Fortune, who sent me a copy of the information and replied to me many times

Patiently explaining many details to me. But after the program was completed, I sent the sample to Fortune, and he wrote back:

"I'm sorry. I don't have MFC on my machine." It was very polite, but I already felt that he was interested in Windows

disdain. Then I statically compiled MFC into the program and sent it to him, but he didn't reply again. He obviously didn't look down upon me, but he was really in trouble.

Can you feel this scientist’s attitude towards Microsoft and Windows? It's not that he is disgusted, but that there is no such thing as Windows in his heart! Microsoft is not developing in the high-tech field, so how can it survive? Go to a developing country. Their people still know nothing about computers. I might even be able to get into the computer science department of a university. I give them software, I donate money to build buildings, and I pay for Turing Award winners to give lectures to make them feel that we are all scientists!

Okay, now in universities across the country, including Tsinghua University, almost all computers must have pirated versions of Win2000 and Office Editing and presentation are done in ppt, and email notifications

The attachment is a doc file, which you cannot open without Word. Even the 863 project uses VC to write programs.

I saw a newspaper a long time ago that said, "Why doesn't Microsoft crack down on piracy?" This article said that not only did Microsoft not crack down on piracy in China, And there is a tendency to let things go. Playing the long game, "I want you to repay me twice as much in the future!" Indeed, its purpose is about to be achieved.

China’s computer education under Windows

To put it shamefully, Bill Gates was my idol a long time ago... //blush

In China, Bill Gates is regarded as a god by many people, a "young computer genius", and some people even make a "fist-to-the-sky" gesture when mentioning his name.

Many people talk about Microsoft's "new technology" and "high technology" with great excitement. Various "VC Programming Bibles", "In-depth Understanding of Visual C" and other books will appear in the first few pages.

Very disgusting words, "In the chaos, a pioneering spirit, Windows 1.0 was born..."

Microsoft's software has been stolen by so many people, so how do people use these pirated programs? First, take a look at computer training classes. They teach some DOS commands, typing, basic Windows operations, Word document processing, Power

Point. Advanced classes may include Excel and Access. ... There is an endless stream of people taking various Microsoft certification exams, MCSE, and MSDE.

Exam tutoring classes have posted signs such as "280 yuan, until you pass the exam." Examination reference materials are even more expensive. In some computer bookstores, two entire shelves are filled with "Microsoft Press" items. One of my classmates took the certification exam, and each exam cost more than 200 yuan. And if you fail the test once, you can take the test again, but you have to pay again. He later told me that I spent XXXX (a four-digit number) yuan to pass the Microsoft certification and got a Bill Gates certificate.

An autographed certificate and an internal distribution of Windows XP worth $6,000.

“Computers must start with babies.” Let’s take a look at what the babies learn. When most parents buy computers for their children, they first install a pirated copy of Windows, and then buy pirated games and start playing them. It would be a big deal if any of the children could program in Delphi. Newspaper reporters and TV stations rushed to report that a certain junior high school student from a certain school was already using Delphi when others were still playing computer games in the "primary stage"

Write a program. The camera also focused on the portrait of Bill Gates in the frame above his monitor!

When I first entered the computer department of the university, I didn’t know what an operating system was because I had only used the “China Learning Machine” before.

Seeing that all the newly admitted students are talking about "Windows 95", "VC"... I simply feel that I am lagging behind for decades. The natives couldn't answer any questions at all. Finally, I found a familiar classmate and asked: "What is Win95 that you talk about every day?" The answer: "Win95 is an operating system.

It is the same as DOS. Category 1. "What is Duo Shi?" "You don't even know what DOS is? Don't study in the computer department." Of course, the school doesn't teach things like VC programming. Pascal's teacher once said: "Hey, our school is really backward. Now everyone else uses C, C, or even VC, but we are still teaching Pascal. I don't know.

When will there be a VC class? You have to use VC when you go out, so you have to study on your own.

" As a result, some students often held a heavy book like "Windows Programming Encyclopedia" in class and did not listen to the class at all. They muttered the words while eating

Tell me, "The optimization of code is endless" and "Hungarian nomenclature is really a great invention"... This is the situation of many computer departments in China.

Feeling ignorant? This is not an accident, but a foreshadowing that Microsoft has laid down for a long time. It wants everyone who is ignorant to regard it as sacred. It wants people who support UNIX and Xwindow to once again. When you say UNIX is good and Xwindow is good,

you are surrounded by a group of people preaching: "Windows can do it too", "You are biased against Windows",

"Microsoft That's the mainstream." "How dare you look down on win2k? ", ".NET is the trend of the world", "Microsoft's

is a new technology after all", "having money means having technology"... Even after being defeated in a debate and comparison, I still have to say:

p>

"Windows performance is poor, but easy to use", "Windows is used by ordinary people, so the requirements are not so high",

"Microsoft is so rich, it will not be easy to surpass UNIX in the future ? "...

Computer education in developed countries

When I posted a question on USENET about the Scheme language some time ago, I met a Danish man. He explained

He solved all my problems and suggested that I read some very "esoteric" books about programming language syntax and grammar.

He told me that there are many websites where I can learn LISP, Scheme, artificial intelligence, and algorithms. . He asked me to read Jonathan Rees's paper "Syntactic Closures". He also sent me a copy of MIT's "How to

Design Programs". He said that he installed Linux on his PC, and he used Emacs to edit and run the Scheme program. His knowledge and interest in Emacs were really surprising. He did this when he graduated from college

Design is a Scheme interpreter. This is beyond my reach.

He was so patient and answered every question I had in detail. Sometimes I feel it is too detailed.

Why are you so patient? I think he is my high school teacher. What kind of person is he?

It turns out that he is a computer teacher in an ordinary high school in Denmark.

He said that he teaches programming and algorithm and computer language grammar in high school, but his students don't. p>

No longer worry about the problems of the programming language itself such as memory leaks, but focus on the problems and algorithms themselves, which is conducive to cultivating students' ability to solve problems, especially using computers to solve mathematics. Question ability.

Oh my god! Why are there so many mathematicians and geometers in Europe? Look at what others value! If our computer education continues like this! , it will only go further and further along the detour!

The wishful thinking of Microsoft and its friends

Let’s take a look at how Microsoft’s income comes from. First, Windows 98. A series of operating systems cost more than 100 US dollars each, and each upgrade is almost the same price. Windows NT is several times more expensive, and there is a limit on the number of users, 5. For one user, for 10 users... If you want to increase the number of users in the future, you will have to pay proportionally.

Can the operating system bought for so much money be used? It doesn't even provide a compression program! The first thing you usually do after installing Windows is to download WinZip, which is "only $29." Windows

will be infected with viruses, so spend $70 to buy Norton AntiVirus immediately. And what about hackers? Buy another

Norton Internet Security Well, $100. The system needs to be optimized and the disk needs to be deflated. Buy one

Norton System Works is your best solution for $100.

But you still can’t do business now! Do you want a Word, PowerPoint? Then buy a set of Office

XP, it’s cheaper to buy them together, $459.90.

Those programs don’t work! How to set up those menus and what functions do they have? You can't learn it by looking at "Help".

Buy this book and read it. I recommend "Special Edition Using Microsoft Office XP", it is not expensive,

$27.99. Most of this book contains screen captures. It’s more cost-effective to buy a used copy for $17.85.

If you are just a secretary, the above is almost enough. But you have a higher pursuit, you want to become a Windows programmer. First buy a Visual Studio.NET, otherwise how to compile the program. $494.95.

In order to keep up with Microsoft trends and world trends, you have to register for MSDN or something, right? This one is a little more expensive, but it's worth it

at $2,799.

Well, you are now an upper class, white-collar person. You can now live a "free" and "safe" life like this:

Why should you object to using Windows

Many people say that it should not be completely Negating Window, Windows also has its advantages. Microsoft should not be scolded.

Yes. Windows is easy to operate and suitable for ordinary users. If Microsoft positions itself in a position like Philips, it can provide our people with thoughtful, complete, cheap and high-quality services. Then I must like it very much

.

But from the above situations, Microsoft is an international monopoly organization with great ambitions! None of its products

are without problems: Windows is unstable and susceptible to viruses, and Microsoft does not provide everyone with free anti-virus software. I

I just want you to spend money to buy anti-virus software from my friend Symantec. Who told you that you have already boarded my pirate ship?

What kind of after-sales service is this?

When you buy a Microsoft program, there is usually an agreement when you install it, saying: "Microsoft is not responsible for any damage or loss of your data

caused by Microsoft programs. "I think many people think this is unreasonable and don't want to click "I

accept\". But you have bought all the software and spent all the money. Now if you click \"I decline\", the installation program will exit immediately

. You are forced to click "I accept"! Isn't this an unequal treaty?

I have witnessed several friends’ documents being damaged by Microsoft Word. Some of them were papers of more than 30 pages that took more than ten days to edit, and some of them took a lot of effort to produce. Personal resume, that friend lost the opportunity to work at the job he longed for.

Just the night before he was about to submit his resume, at that moment... I don't know if he thought of complaining to Microsoft when he was crying. But who told us to use pirated copies? You also clicked "I accept".

Microsoft has taken advantage of its power to occupy most of the PC market. It has formulated "Microsoft standards" that do not meet international standards and suppresses other companies' software in an unreasonable

way. This problem has already emerged. The U.S. Department of Justice has been in trouble for a long time. He even placed code in the Windows series of operating systems that could leak user information through the network, so that when Windows first entered Australia, it was banned by the Australian government.

Some people say: "After all, Microsoft created a history and created today's IT industry." However, without

Microsoft, we would have been using very stable and very Reliable, very convenient, very "dumb" software! Microsoft

Microsoft is the main culprit blocking the development of information technology.

The working method of Microsoft's program (note, I am only talking about the operation method, virus matters are not counted separately) is indeed suitable for ordinary families.

Using the Internet, sending emails, and typing The games are all good. But Microsoft wants to package itself as a "high-tech" company

It wants to set up "research institutes" around the world and give away Windows that are not suitable for scientific research in university computer departments

products, and even paid for Turing Award winners to come to China to talk about "computing in the 21st century", and also promoted its own .NET technology at conferences. You must think that others think you are scientific, and you must lead the world in high technology. But what? It

has nothing high-tech. In Europe and the United States, which key departments are using Microsoft products? NASA? DOE? CERN?

If you think about it carefully, what important role does Microsoft's program have on mankind?

What can Windows do that Linux can’t do? ---

“Things that Windows can do but Linux can’t do are things that don’t need to be done.”

A friend sometimes asks when he sees that I haven’t used Windows for half a year. Me: "You only use Linux, have you ever found that there are some things that Windows can handle but Linux can't do?" ---

I replied: "Windows can do it but Linux can't. Things that don’t need to be done”

Linux can do all the useful things that Windows can do---

Some functions under Windows are indeed what we need. Yes, then Linux developers and users also need this function

and they will implement this function, and it is much better than the Windows method. Since most scientists and engineers use Linux or some kind of commercial UNIX, almost all commercial scientific engineering programs, such as Matlab, Mathematica, AutoCAD, Candence , Synopsys, Avant!... all have UNIX versions (including Linux) first, and then consider porting them to Windows, or even not porting them to Windows at all.

Because Windows machines generally do not have enough capabilities to run such programs. Don't think that PSpice is only available on Windows

UNIX's HSpice is much better and can run on large hosts. Of course they are not free, but they are worth the price.

But there are some things under Windows that are not very similar under Linux, or you can find many similar ones, but they

each of them is much worse than the Windows program. Then there are two possibilities:

There is a completely similar program, but because it doesn't look pretty at first glance, you ignored it. Although other programs look beautiful, they are written by people who are beginners in programming. Now, due to the birth of Gtk and Qt, it is extremely easy to develop graphical interface programs under Linux. Many junior high school students and even elementary school students can easily compile some beautiful but useless programs. . If you look for such programs all day long, you will never find one that satisfies you. Of course, there are also first-class programs that use Gtk and Qt. For example, GVIM can use Gtk as the graphical interface. I also know that some Synopsys programs use Qt.

I once made the mistake of distinguishing everything based on appearance. As a result, the excellent FVWM, lftp, Mutt, and wget were all ignored by me. I was so ashamed when I got them back, they are all my friends now

The first time I saw FVWM I thought it was just something with a thick and ugly border . But now, my classmates

see FVWM and say: "Wow! It's so beautiful."

There is another completely different way to achieve the same goal, even better .

Many people are very concerned about Open Office, Star Office, AbiWord,... How they look forward to the day when a certain

Linux program can open a complex doc document with full compatibility. But you will never have that day.

Why? Because in order to occupy the market, Microsoft will not allow other system programs to be fully compatible with its document

format. It will definitely keep changing the internal structure of the doc document, hiding some secrets, so that other companies' programs will always have some kind of problem when opening the doc document, so you have to buy Microsoft Office and Windows.

You should think about it, so many highly intelligent university professors, scientists, and students use Linux or

or other types of UNIX, and they do not have Word available. How to deal with documents? There hasn't been a program like Open Office for so many years. Isn't there a way for everyone to write documents?

Obviously not. Look at those high-level academic magazines, papers, those university professors' web pages, those beautiful slides, what are they made of? It turns out that UNIX users have already had very convenient troff, LaTeX, SGML and other tools to process documents, and they are much more sophisticated than Word. Word has obviously been ignored by these big guys, so much so that no one has wanted to develop a Word-like program under Linux for a long time, unless some companies want to steal Microsoft's jobs.

The reason many people keep Windows on their hard drive is simply to use Word and PowerPoint. I met a

professor who had nothing on his Windows laptop except PowerPoint.

One day during the presentation,

he pointed at the mess of characters and said: "I'm sorry, this is a formula... Why does it always look like this..." In fact, there is a better way than

PowerPoint Hundreds of times more things can be used to make slides. You can use the simplest method to create papers and slides with world-class effects

. You can take a look at my TeX page later and you will know why I can completely leave Windows.

Linux can never do the useless things that Windows can do

Computer games

Some people say that you can’t play under Linux what you can get under Windows. All games. Indeed, there are also a small number of games under Linux, such as Quake. But it doesn't have Counter Strike, it doesn't have Star Craft,...

It doesn't mean that computer games shouldn't be played, but it should be done in moderation. The computer is a tool used to handle affairs, help you learn, and solve problems, not a toy! If you are addicted to computer games all day long without going out to experience the outside world,

you will become more and more cold and impersonal. You are getting further and further away from the real world.

You can kill people in CS, you can explore in Tomb Raider, you can even skateboard in Tony Hawk’s Pro

Skaters… But it’s not real! Although you have high "anti-terrorism skills", you are so cowardly when you encounter gangsters; although you control Laura's quick reach, how do you play basketball?

Why do you always get the ball stolen? Although you can easily create a \"360 kickflip to hangten

grind to fakie\" in THPS, you still can't ollie when you step on your own skateboard!

Having said that, it’s not bad if you play computer games occasionally. But there are far better ways to play games than on a Windows PC

.