1, the division of labor of small companies is not so clear, and there are multiple roles. Sometimes the boss makes a decision and goes to the workshop for processing. But in order to reduce mistakes, besides the designer, there must be at least an audit (or proofreading) signature.

For big companies, besides what you said, there are many signature columns, such as "approval", "summary" and so on. That's because the product is important or the mass production is large. There is something wrong with the product, and the loss is not a little bit. We should check it at all levels. Another reason is that the design task is too big for one or two people to complete. It is necessary to divide the design task into several levels or sections and complete them separately. After the work is completed and summarized into the general drawing, it is "approved", which is usually completed by the chief engineer's office, and then the chief engineer signs "approved" or "approved".

As for the technology and standardization you mentioned, big companies have everyone's post responsibility system. What to do and what not to do are clearly written, and no one wants to pass the buck. There are many contents of post responsibility system, about a dozen to dozens. I can only take your general introduction:

Technology-after some parts are designed, the existing conditions of the company cannot be completed, or whether it can be processed is not considered. For example, the casting wall is too thin, a large number of holes are drilled on the inclined plane, and there is no clamping part during turning. The person who makes the process should make a process card, indicating the processing sequence, what tools to use in each process, the machining allowance, the material and size of the blank.

Standardization-The relevant state departments have publicized and promoted "standardization", "generalization" and "serialization". The job of this department is to examine whether there is any violation of the "three modernizations". For example, a part of another equipment is similar in function and the same in size as a part currently designed, but the difference is only small. You can make a suggestion to the designer: use the same part. For example, there are M6*50 bolts and M6*45 bolts on the equipment, so designers can be advised to use the same bolts.

4. Past drawings are blueprints. The drawings are completely traced with transparent paper, then exposed with carbonized paper, and then smoked into blueprints with ammonia water. Drawing is called draftsman, and proofreading is called tracing proofreading.

5. According to the national standards, it is recommended to use Beihang Electronic Chart (which can be converted into CAD format by using the same method as CAD) and CAD as the software for mechanical drawing, and because the drawings are generally modified no more than 10 times, 15 layer is enough, and other layers are not needed, and the other layers are reserved.