To be sure, it was not made by lithography, and the copper-clad edges were very irregular. The material of the board is poor, almost translucent, and it should be carved by hand or corroded.
There should be many methods on the Internet. Let me briefly introduce them as follows:
1. Print the circuit on the PCB copper-clad plate with heat transfer paper or wax paper
2. Etch the copper-clad plate in ferric chloride solution until the circuit position remains
3. Rinse the etched circuit board and dry it in the shade or blow dry
4. Punch with an electric drill and clean up the punching debris
. Coating varnish on copper-clad lines without pads to protect them
How to make pcb circuit boards
If you make PCB amateur, there are two methods commonly used: thermal transfer and ultraviolet exposure.
The equipment needed for thermal transfer printing method includes: copper clad laminate, laser printer (laser printer is required, but inkjet printer, needle printer and other printers are not allowed), thermal transfer paper (backing paper behind self-adhesive can be used instead of ordinary A4 paper), thermal transfer machine (electric iron and photo sealing machine can be used instead), and oily marker pen (it must be oily marker pen, and its ink is waterproof, and water cannot be used).
the specific operation method is as follows:
roughen the copper-clad surface of the copper-clad plate with water sandpaper and remove the oxide layer, then rinse the copper powder produced by polishing with water and dry it.
use a laser printer to print the printed PCB file on the smooth side of the thermal transfer paper with the left and right mirror images, and the lines are black and the other parts are blank.
spread the thermal transfer paper on the copper-clad surface of the copper-clad plate (the printing surface faces the copper-clad surface, so that the copper-clad plate completely covers the printing area), and fix the thermal transfer paper to ensure that the paper will not move during the transfer.
the heat transfer machine is turned on for preheating. after preheating, insert the copper clad laminate with the heat transfer paper fixed on it into the cots of the heat transfer machine, and repeat the transfer for 3~1 times (depending on the performance of the machine, some heat transfer machines can be used after one time, while others have to pass 1 times). If an electric iron is used for transfer printing, please adjust the electric iron to the highest temperature, and iron the copper clad laminate with the heat transfer paper fixed repeatedly, evenly, to ensure that every part will be pressed by the iron, and wait until the whole copper clad laminate is too hot to touch for a long time.
wait for the copper clad laminate to cool naturally, and when it is cooled to the point where it is no longer hot, carefully uncover and tear off the heat transfer paper. Be careful not to tear it off until it is completely cooled, otherwise the plastic film on the heat transfer paper may stick to the copper clad laminate, leading to the failure of production.
check whether the transfer is successful. if some lines are not completely transferred, you can use an oily marker to make them up. At this time, the traces left by the oily marker on the copper clad laminate will remain after the corrosion. If you want to make a handwritten signature on the circuit board, you can write it directly on the copper clad laminate with the oily marker at this time. At this time, a small hole can be punched on the edge of PCB and a rope can be tied to facilitate the next step of corrosion.
put an appropriate amount of corrosive drugs (taking ferric chloride as an example) into a plastic container, and pour hot water to dissolve the drugs (don't add too much water, it is enough to completely dissolve them, too much water will reduce the concentration), then soak the transferred copper clad laminate in the solution of corrosive drugs, with the copper clad side facing upward, to ensure that the corrosive liquid does not pass through the copper clad laminate completely, and then shake the container containing the corrosive liquid continuously or shake the copper clad laminate, especially if an etching machine is used. Please always pay attention to the change of the copper clad laminate during the corrosion process. If the transferred carbon film or ink written by the marker falls off, please stop the corrosion immediately, remove the copper clad laminate and wash it, and then use the oily marker to repair the fallen line and corrode it again. When all the copper on the copper-clad plate is corroded, immediately take out the copper-clad plate, wash it with tap water, and wipe off the printer toner on the copper-clad plate with water sandpaper.
after drying, drill a hole with a bench drill and you can use it.
To make PCB by ultraviolet exposure, you need to use these devices:
Ink jet printer or laser printer (other printers are not allowed), copper clad plate, photosensitive film or photosensitive oil (available online), printing film or sulfuric acid paper (laser printer recommends using film), glass plate or plexiglass plate (larger than the printed circuit board), ultraviolet lamp (ultraviolet lamp tube for disinfection can be used, Or ultraviolet lamps used in nail salons), sodium hydroxide (also called "caustic soda", which can be bought in chemical stores), sodium carbonate (also called "soda ash", which is the crystallization of sodium carbonate, and can be replaced by edible caustic soda, or sodium carbonate used in chemical industry), rubber protective gloves (recommended), oily markers, corrosive drugs, bench drills and water sandpaper.
firstly, use a printer to print PCB drawings on film or sulfuric acid paper to make a "negative film". Pay attention to the mirror image on the left and right when printing, and turn it white (that is, the wiring is printed in white, and the place where copper foil is not needed is black).
roughen the copper-clad surface of the copper-clad plate with water sandpaper, and grind off the oxide layer, then rinse the polished copper powder with water and dry it.
if photosensitive oil is used, at this time, evenly brush the photosensitive oil on the surface of the copper clad laminate with a small brush and dry it. If
you want to learn how to make your own circuit board, do you want to copy the board?
The simplest way is to find someone else to copy it. There are no programmable devices such as single chip microcomputer, which is not very complicated. Generally, the starting price is 2-3
If you do it yourself
Steps
1. Find out the model of each component on the board. General components are marked, but some patch devices are not, such as the ceramic capacitor of the patch. There are also some IC, which will be polished off by many small factories in China, so as not to be copied. If it is erased, it is necessary to analyze it and judge what chip it is through the circuit. Some of them are bare, and many TV remote controls are bare.
2. after figuring out the model, see if there are any programmable chips in the ic, such as single chip microcomputer and cpld, which are all programmable. It is useless to know the model, but there are also programs inside.
you can rewrite one according to the function, burn it in, or find someone to decrypt it. The cost is related to the complexity of the software and the model of the chip
3. Take a high-definition photo of the circuit board, which can also be put into the first step. Take a few more pictures, and I don't know how to restore them in case of changes.
4. I started copying boards, and there are many ways.
1) fry the schematic diagram first, and then use the pcb software such as portel to draw on the pcb, which may be a little different.
2) Remove all components and scan with a scanner. If it is convenient for a double-layer board, it will be troublesome. If you want to erase the outside, copy it, or use advanced equipment.
There are many tutorials on finding copying boards online.
The following are sent by others.
secrets of PCB copying
the first step is to get a PCB. first, record the models, parameters and positions of all gas components on paper, especially the directions of diodes, three motors and IC gaps. It is best to take two photos of the location of the gas components with a digital camera.
step 2, remove all devices and remove the tin from the PAD hole. Clean the PCB with alcohol, then put it into the scanner, start POHTOSHOP, scan the silk screen in color and print it out for later use.
step 3, polish the TOP LAYER and the BOTTOM LAYER slightly with water gauze paper until the copper film shines, put them into the scanner, start PHOTOSHOP, and scan the two layers in color. Note that the PCB must be placed horizontally and vertically in the scanner, otherwise the scanned image will not be used.
Step 4, adjust the contrast and brightness of the canvas to make the part with copper film and the part without copper film have strong contrast, then turn the sub-image into black and white, and check whether the lines are clear. If not, repeat this step. If it is clear, save the diagram as black and white BMP format files TOP.BMP and BOT.BMP
Step 5: Convert two BMP files into PROTEL files respectively, and transfer two layers into PROTEL. If the positions of PAD and VIA passing through the two layers basically coincide, it shows that the previous steps are well done. If there is any deviation, repeat step 3.
sixth, put TOP. BMP is converted into TOP. PCB, pay attention to the SILK layer, that is, the yellow layer, and then you just trace the lines on the TOP layer, and place the devices according to the drawings in the second step. Delete the SILK layer after painting.
step 7, put the BOT. Convert BMP into BOT. PCB, pay attention to the SILK layer, which is the yellow layer, and then you can trace the line on the BOT layer. Delete the SILK layer after painting.
step 8, put TOP in PROTEL. PCB and BOT. The PCB is transferred in, and it is OK to combine it into a picture.
step 9, print the TOP LAYER and the BOTTOM LAYER on the transparent film with a laser printer (1: 1 ratio), put the film on that PCB, and compare whether there is any mistake. If yes, you're done.
ourdev/..._text= copy board &; BBS _ ID = 9999
References: ...
How to make the circuit on the circuit board
You mean the printed circuit board. First, use insulating coatings to print the circuit on the copper plate, then rush out the holes of the plug-in components and soak them in the corrosive liquid to corrode the useless copper, then plug in the components and immerse them in the tin bath for soldering. These processes are generally completed on automatic production lines.
1 points are required for how to make the circuit board.
1. Fully prepare and understand the order materials (customer's preparation, production process, final confirmation sample, sample card of noodles/accessories, confirmation comments or correction materials, customer samples that can be carried under special circumstances, or large samples, ship samples, etc.), and confirm whether the manufacturing process details are unified and detailed among all the materials. The matters with unclear instructions are reflected in detail to the technical department and business department of the relevant factory for timely confirmation.
2. Be sure to ensure that all requirements and materials between our company and the external processing factory are detailed, clear and consistent! (It is best to have written proof)
3. Know as much as possible about the production and operation of each processing factory in advance and fully evaluate the advantages/disadvantages of the factory, so as to know the root and the bottom. 4. The words, deeds and attitudes of merchandisers represent our company. Therefore, in dealing with the corresponding business with various business units, we must grasp the basic principles, pay attention to proper words and deeds, and be supercilious. It is strictly forbidden to have excessive words and deeds to customers (or customers' company merchandisers) for any subjective or objective reasons. In the process of handling business, you can't arbitrarily express your position beyond your authority. If you have any questions, ask the company for decision in time.
5. fully estimate the potential occurrence of problems in the work in advance, strengthen the work accordingly, improve and refine the preliminary work, and reduce or even eliminate the possibility of their occurrence. Not for the purpose of finding problems, the fundamental way is to fully prevent in advance, repeatedly explore in work, deal with problems in time and sum up experience, and further improve the working methods and detailed rules in the future.
6. The order follower and the person in charge of the order (operator) should keep close contact, and for the benefit of both parties, communicate with each other to minimize the problems.
2. Inspection procedures in the production process:
1. After the flour/auxiliary materials arrive at the factory, urge the factory to make a detailed inventory according to the delivery list in the shortest time, and the factory will sign for it. If there is short code/short code, you should personally participate in the inventory and confirm it.
2. If the factory has not made samples in the early stage, it must arrange for them to make samples before production for confirmation as soon as possible, and notify the person in charge of the factory and the technical department of the factory in writing of the inspection results. Under special circumstances, it must be submitted to the company or customers for confirmation, and it can only be put into production after rectification.
3. The length of the template can be confirmed only after it is checked by the factory, and the detailed unit consumption confirmation letter is signed by the person in charge of the factory and notified to start cutting.
4. according to the unit consumption confirmed by both parties, it is necessary to check the surplus and deficiency value of the opposite/auxiliary materials with the factory, and notify the company of the specific data in writing. If there is any shortage of materials, it is necessary to implement the replenishment matters in time and inform the processing factory. If there is any surplus, please inform the factory to return it to our company after the bulk goods are finished, and urge them to use it sparingly to prevent waste.
5. At the initial stage of production, semi-finished products must be inspected at a high standard in every workshop and every working procedure. If there are any problems, the person in charge of the factory and the corresponding management personnel should be reflected in time, and the factory should be supervised and assisted to implement the rectification.
6. After the first finished product is unloaded from the machine in each workshop, its size, workmanship, style and technology should be comprehensively and carefully inspected. Issue inspection report (initial/intermediate/final stage of bulk production) and rectification opinions, and leave one copy in the factory after being signed and confirmed by the person in charge of the processing factory, and keep one copy for yourself and fax it to the company.
7. Record and summarize the work every day and make the work plan for tomorrow. List the production schedule in advance according to the delivery date of large goods, record the cutting progress, production progress, finished products and the number of production machines in detail every day, and implement the progress according to the production schedule and urge the factory. Report the production progress to the company at any time.
8. supervise and assist the processing plant to implement the production and quality requirements put forward by the customer's merchandiser or the company's inspection to the factory, and report the implementation of the company in time.
9. When finished products enter the finishing workshop, it is necessary to check the ironing, packaging and other quality of the actual operators at any time, and do not randomly sample the packaged finished products, so as to find problems early and deal with them early. Do your best to ensure the quality and delivery of large goods.
1. After the bulk goods are packaged, check the cutting details with the packing list to see if each color and number match. If there is any problem, we must find out the reason and solve it in time.
11. After processing, clean up and take back all the remaining fabrics and accessories in detail.
12. Summarize the cooperation strength, problems, ability to deal with problems and the whole order operation of each link in the production process (including the corresponding departments and business units of the company), and report it to the competent leader of the company in writing.
13, in the process of inspection must be fair and true. I can't receive a little benefit from the manufacturer, but I forget to report my responsibilities ...
What should I do to find a manufacturer to make a circuit board?
I need to provide a 1: 1 printed circuit pattern and character pattern, and the cost includes a mold opening fee and a plate making fee. The cost depends on the size of the board, and the quantity depends on the situation.
how to copy PCB and circuit board
? Reverse engineering of CB design. Firstly, the components on the pcb circuit board are removed to make a BOM sheet, and the blank board is scanned into pictures, which are processed by copying software and restored into PCB drawing files; Sending the pcb drawing file to the PCB board factory to make a PCB, and then stamping the components (corresponding components are purchased according to the BOM) is exactly the same as the original PCB board.