In the late Qing Dynasty, the monetary system was chaotic, and the Qing government rectified the national financial order in order to recover the right to coin and unify the copper and silver coins. In March of the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Xu Shichang, Chen Bi and Zhang Yunyan, ministers of military affairs, were sent by the Ministry of Finance to Tianjin to survey the terrain and set up the General Mint Factory of the Ministry of Finance. The site covers an area of 3 19 16 square meters and was completed in the spring of Guangxu 3 1 year (1905). It was originally named "General Bureau of Foundry Currency". This factory has imported the latest machinery and equipment from America, Japan, Germany and other countries. At that time, it was known as the largest mint with the best equipment and the most advanced technology in China, and it was also the national currency manufacturing center. As the factory was directly under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, its original name was changed from "General Bureau of Coining" to "General Bureau of Minting of the Ministry of Finance" in Guangxu 33 years (1907).
When the Mint General Factory was founded, it planned to cast gold, silver and copper, which were called "Daqing Gold Coin", "Daqing Silver Coin" and "Daqing Copper Coin", which were popular all over the world and had been unified.
In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the branch office of the Ministry of Housing was renamed, and the General Mint Factory was renamed as "General Mint Factory".
In February of the second year of Xuantong (19 10), the Qing government ordered that the casting rights be reverted to the central government, and all the silver and copper coin mints established in various provinces were abolished and unified to the mint for unified casting. In April, the degree department issued the Code of Monetary System, casting "Qing Silver Dollar". According to the Code of Monetary System, "the national monetary unit is named Yuan Yue", with yuan as the unit and silver as the national currency, and the standards tend to be unified. At this point, from Guangxu 10 (1884) to Xuan Tong 3 (191), the 27-year dispute between the silver dollar system and the silver dollar system ended, and the standards for casting clear silver coins tended to be unified.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the Mint General Factory minted a large number of "Guangxu Yuanbao" silver coins. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), nearly 1 100 million coins were minted, and in the third year of Xuantong (191), about 7,700 coins were minted. During the five years of 1902-1907, Beiyang silver bureau and factory minted about 680 million copper coins. There are also many kinds of silver dollars in this area, and only sample coins are cast without the approval of the household department. However, a large number of silver coins with approved formats were cast and used, which promoted the monetary reform and was a new beginning of China's modern monetary history.
19 12, Du Zhi Mint General Factory merged with Du Zhi Mint Tianjin Factory (formerly Beiyang Banking Bureau) and was renamed as "Tianjin Mint General Factory of China Ministry of Finance". Duke's mint is called West Factory, which specializes in casting copper coins. The original branch mint was called East Factory, which specialized in casting silver dollars. The well-organized and well-equipped factory is the best mint in China. In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (19 14), Wu Dingchang, then finance minister of Kuomintang government and supervisor of Mint General Factory, wrote the word "Mint General Factory" for the factory.
1965438+In February, 2004, Yuan Shikai adopted silver coins (commonly known as Yuan Datou) as the national currency according to the National Monetary Regulations of the Republic of China.
The number of "Yuan Datou" castings is very large, ranging from 19 14 to 19 17 * * castings exceeding18 billion yuan. Since then, branches in Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuchang and other places have started casting, and its total circulation is estimated to be more than 590 million yuan. This currency has been widely circulated in the vast territory of China for 10 years.
1923 12 in March, the national government issued the national currency by presidential decree, commonly known as "dragon and phoenix currency". During the Republic of China, the Mint General Factory also minted various sample coins and commemorative coins. For example, for Sun Yat-sen, Yuan Shikai, Xu Shichang, Cao Kun, Duan, Chu Yupu, Zhang, Zhang Xueliang and other dignitaries, the casting amount is relatively small.
1927, after the victory of the northern expedition, the government of the Republic of China banned the casting of Yuan Shikai's head silver dollar and changed it to Sun Yat-sen's head new coin. The factory started casting the silver coin of Sun Yat-sen's head in 1920, and by 1929, it had cast more than 90 million yuan.
At the beginning of the Republic of China, the Mint General Factory resumed copper coin casting. In 19 19, 500,000 pieces of copper were cast every day, and by 1922, the number of copper cast every day was as high as 5-6 million pieces. In 1922 alone, about 850 million copper coins were cast into twenty and ten pieces. Because the quality is getting worse and worse, and the cheap, insufficient and inferior copper coins cast by mints in various provinces flood the Tianjin market, copper coins have depreciated repeatedly, and casting copper coins is unprofitable. In addition, the merchants strongly resisted and the mint stopped casting from 65438 to 0927.
1935, in order to occupy North China, Japan actively instigated the so-called "autonomy movement" in five provinces of North China. In the same year, in February, 65438+, the Kuomintang government decided to set up an "autonomous" regime in Beiping, which was not under the jurisdiction of the Nanjing government in essence, that is, the Jicha Government Affairs Committee, which was chaired by Song, the former Kuomintang garrison commander in Beiping. 1936, the former mint was ordered to manufacture copper coins of the "autonomous" regime.
1940, the mint closed down. The establishment and development of Mint General Factory occupies an important position in the financial history of China.
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