all one's life
Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, the second son of an outstanding family. His full name is Oscar Finger O 'Flaherty Wells Wilde. His father Sir William Wilder is a surgeon and his mother is a poet and writer.
After graduating from Trinity College in Dublin, Wilde won a scholarship and entered Magdalen College in Oxford University on 1874. In Oxford, Wilde was influenced by the aesthetic thoughts of walter pater and john ross King, and was exposed to the works of Neo-Hegelian philosophy, Darwin's theory of evolution and pre-Raphael school, all of which set the direction for him to become a pioneer writer of aestheticism.
After the publication of his first book of poems, he began to emerge in the literary world and came to London for development. Although the young Wilde has never won a literary prize, he is famous in London society for his striking clothes, witty remarks and maverick, and some magazines even published articles satirizing him.
1882, Wilde gave a wonderful lecture tour in America. Two years later, he married constance Lloyd, and his two sons Cyril and vivienne were born in 1885 and 1886 respectively.
From 65438 to 0887, Wilde became the executive editor of a women's magazine and published some of his novels, comments and poems in the magazine. Wilde's works are famous for their colorful words, novel ideas and distinctive views. His first novel, The Portrait of Dorian Gray, was published in 189 1 year, and then he published his prose, The Soul of a Socialist. Both works were very successful, but it was Wilde's plays that really won him fame. It can be said that each of his plays has been warmly welcomed. At one time, three of his plays were staged in London at the same time. His well-produced plays are called the best comedies since Xie Lidan's Gossip College.
/kloc-in the Victorian era at the end of 0/9, the conflict between old and new fashions in British upper class was fierce. Wilde's liberal style and bold political style soon made him a victim of this conflict. 1895, the Marquis of queensberry was killed by his Lord Alfred Douglas; ; The pseudonym "Bosie" was in contact with Wilde, which caused discord between father and son and publicly denounced Wilde as a sodomite (the word "homosexuality" was not born at that time).
In this regard, the angry Alfred told Wilde to appeal immediately, accusing the Marquis of ruining his reputation. As a result, Wilde's appeal failed, and he was accused of "committing serious indecency with other men". According to part 1 1 of Britain's harsh criminal law amendment at that time, Wilde was found guilty and served two years of hard labor in Reading Prison and Bentonville Prison. In the past two years, Wilde stopped his drama creation and wrote a poem "Song of Reading Prison" and a collection of letters "Letters from the Abyss" in prison. In these two works, his style has changed, and it is difficult to find the influence of aestheticism. During Wilde's imprisonment, his wife constance and two children changed their surnames to Holland and moved to Italy, but most of his friends in the social and literary circles avoided him. Only a few people, such as playwright Bernard Shaw, still support him.
After 1897 was released, Wilde immediately set off for Paris. He is extremely disappointed in Britain and no longer has the slightest nostalgia. Later, he tried to get back together with constance for his two children, but Alfred also expressed his desire to get back together with Wilde. In the end, Wilde gave up his two children and chose Alfred. Wilde completed and published Reading Prison Songs while living in France under an assumed name, and then traveled with Alfred. But a few months later, the two broke up again.
1900, Wilde finally converted to Catholicism with the help of his good friend Robert Robbie Ross. In the same year165438+1October 30th, he died in Paris Alsace Hotel (H? Tel d 'Alsace) died at the age of 46, and only Robbie was with another friend when he died. His graveyard in Paris was carved into a small sphinx according to the image in his poetry collection "The Sphinx".
At the end of the 20th century, after being smeared for nearly a century, Britain finally gave Wilde the honour of standing as a statue. 1998165438+1On October 30th, the statue of Wilde by Maggie hamlin was unveiled in Adelaide Street near Trafalgar Square in London. The name of the statue is "Dialogue with Oscar Wilde", and it is engraved with a quotation often quoted by Wilde: "We are all in the ditch, but some of us are looking up at the stars in the sky." We are all in the gutter, but some people are looking up at the stars. )
Wilde's trial is one of the most striking cases in British judicial history, and it is also one of the most cited cases in the history of gay affirmative action. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when homosexuality was no longer regarded as heresy and was generally accepted, he became a cultural idol of the gay community.
representative works
novel
* photo of Dorian Gray (189 1).
fairy tale
* The Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888)
* Pomegranate House (Pomegranate House, 189 1 year)
poetry
* Poetry (Poetry, 188 1 year)
* Sphinx (Sphinx, 1894)
* Reading Prison Ballad (1898)
drama
* Villa (Villa, 1880)
* Mrs Windermere's fan (1892). Mrs. Wen's Fan and Little Three's Fan)
* Duchess of Padua (1893)
Salome (Salome, 1893) (originally in French)
* "An unimportant woman" (1892) (premiere of the Royal Hay Market Theatre, 1893)
:: The importance of being earnest (1895)
* Ideal husband (ideal husband, 1895). Translate "Good Husband" again)
Other works
Prose Collection: The Soul of Man under Socialism (189 1 year). )
* Letter: Abyss letter (De Profundis, 1897). He also translated "From the Deep" and "Wilde's Prison Records", originally written by the author to Douglas, published after the author's death 1905).
The Influence of Wilde's Works in China
* The portrait of Dorian Gray was translated into Du Liankui by the architect Mr. Wang Daqiong, and the scene was changed to Taipei at that time.
Oscar Wilde: A Beautiful Thin-waisted Bee
After Oscar Wilde went to prison, according to Bernard Shaw, his brother Willie defended his brother like this: "Oscar is not a bad person, no matter where you are, you can safely give him a woman." Considering Bernard Shaw's envy of his Irish dramatist colleague, he may have fabricated this statement, but it is also beautifully fabricated, which happens to use Wilde's best paradox form: Who doesn't know that Wilde was put in prison because of homosexuality?
To know that President Clinton lifted the ban on homosexuality in the military, Wilde would regret that he was born a hundred years earlier. Although Wilde once exaggeratedly said that crime was the only bright spot in modern life, the most he committed was accessory crime, and he was sentenced to two years' imprisonment, which was regarded as "strike hard".
On the other hand, Wilde hurt his wife and children. His wife later died of grief, and his son remained anonymous. In addition, the Marquis of queensberry, the father of his "greasy friend" Douglas, is not unsympathetic. Anyone who has seen the film American Beauty will never forget the shocking scene of the retired naval officer crying with the hero, who he thought was his son's gay buyer. Shoot him in the back of the head, and the Marquis of queensberry thinks so. On that day, Wilde lost his mind. He first accused the Marquis of insulting his personality, but was accused by the latter. He should know the tendency of public opinion.
"Today is an era when there is too much reading to appreciate and too much writing to think." Wilde lamented that year. His witty remarks, witty remarks and strange remarks have been fully utilized by the whole world for a hundred years, but people who appreciate him will also say that his thoughts are far from profound and broad. Of course, an aesthete with a lily of the valley on his chest has nothing to do with profound and broad thoughts. We can't ask slender-waisted bees for rhinoceros horns.
Oscar Wilde is a buzzing, slender-waisted bee, which specializes in picking men and women with delicate skin and tender meat in the living room of the upper class. Of course, men are no exception: "Men will never get better with age." "I can resist anything but temptation." Women are worse: "women are born smart at many things." Nothing can hide them except the obvious facts. "She wore too much rouge and too little clothes last night, which is always a sign of despair for women." "Bad woman give me trouble. Good women bore me. " Love and marriage have also become the best material for Wilde to make fun of: "Love always begins with self-deception and ends with deception." "Men get married because they are tired, and women get married because they are curious." "Women remarry because they hate their original husbands, and men remarry because they love their original wives too much. "
In "Dorian gray", it is written that Lord Henry deliberately played with an idea, painted it with fantasy, inserted specious wings for it, and spread it into "philosophy", while "fact" was scared by "philosophy" and scattered. But the author forgot to add that after a somersault, "fact" returned to "philosophy". This is Wilde's paradox art. Fu Xiaoxian believes that this word should be translated into "paradox" instead of "paradox". Wilde's occasion is even more so. Isn't flirting a private matter for two people? He said it well: "A woman can flirt with anyone as long as she is seen by others." Isn't a diary a person's secret? He wrote better: "What is recorded here is only the private feelings and impressions of a very young girl, so I am going to publish it." The most incredible article on reversing his conviction is a sentence in an ideal husband, "He looks like a bachelor at home." A bachelor's home can be loved because he is single! Wilde's next words are a little evil: "Once a man neglects his responsibility to his family, he loses his husband's spirit. I don't like such a man, said Guan Duolin, a girl in Wulitou. "They are so touching."
In this way, Wilde played with all the popular ideas. His most famous subversive behavior is what he said in the article The Decline of Lies. Life imitates art better than art imitates life. The truth he revealed by paradox is really hard to refute. Of course, on the whole, Wilde's art belongs to what Matisse called "the art of easy chair"-whenever Lord Henry appears, he is always half lying in an armchair with a silk cushion. Although Wilde mocked the people in the living room of the upper class, he still belonged to this living room in essence, so his bee sting was at best itchy but not painful. But two years' imprisonment plunged him into the abyss, which made him deep. At the end of his career, he wanted to "uproot that contemptuous tongue." In the living room, Lord Henry once said that concern for the East Side (slum) is nothing but much ado about nothing; In prison, Wilde finally repented that he should pay attention to the "other half of the garden" that the sun can't shine on.
Wilde became attached to China's new literature very early. In Lu Xun's eyes, he belongs to the exotic "fruit juice at the end of the century". 1924, Hong Shen's adaptation of "The Fan of a Rich Family" was performed in Shanghai and received rave reviews. Ding Xilin and other playwrights were deeply influenced by him, so many gentlemen and ladies competed for their clever words on the stage. If the genre is not limited, who is the most like Wilde among China writers in the past century? Perhaps Lin Yutang has his humor, but he can't help being reserved; Liang Shiqiu is equally sharp, but glib; Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged has a clever mind and a sharp quarrel, which is indeed comparable to Wilde, but Qian probably won't like this comparison.
Personally, I think Zhang Ailing's writing is quite Wilde. Wilde is proud of his intellectual superiority, and Zhang Ailing is also "she doesn't like people who are not smart" (Hu Lancheng); Both of them like to show off in front of people in strange clothes and are good at self-packaging. The two characters are rich and sensitive in color, but Zhang Ailing's tone is a bit gloomy; Most importantly, Zhang Ailing's Autumn Day loves to hurt people, and she is simply a female "king". For example. Like Wilde, Zhang Ailing has a special understanding of clothing, which is a symbol of personal mood and the spirit of the times: "Her hairstyle and clothing have been carefully studied, which is a subtle compromise between fashion style and memories." "Women with wide robes and big sleeves feel that they can't be too lucky now, but it's good for them to be unlucky." Everything is vivid, like Wilde's accent. Zhang Ailing's last article published in 1990 also led to Wilde's famous saying: "The good American died and went to Paris."
"It's just that the world is so arranged; Love, so wash white and dry. " In the past 100 years, Wilde turned all beings upside down with his outstanding talent. Someone asked Winston Churchill who he wanted to talk to most in his next life. The "language giant" who lived to 9 1 was thinking about the Oxford genius who died at the age of 46. "Oscar Wilde," he said. However, Wilde's reputation was once bad, and some respectable English gentlemen kept denouncing him in the name of morality, thinking that he was an immoral "scum". At that time, it was nearly half a century since Wilde's death, and the "courtesy" of polite British upper class was endless. However, Churchill, the British Prime Minister and former Nobel Prize in Literature winner, had a special liking for him, regarded him as a confidant and advanced the afterlife to him. The author of Oscar Wilde's biography wrote this passage: "In the whole history of mankind, there has never been such an excellent writer who is good at talking." Wilde is famous for his witty eloquence, which I admire most. His gift of eloquence has become his label attribute, and his name is synonymous with being good at eloquence. Anything quoted in his name can make language fly. In English literature, no one has been quoted more times than him. Literary historians may think he is insignificant, but readers and people who are keen on drama know him better. Wilde's best works-like all his "maxims"-saved him and won him praise for nearly a century. He once boasted that he was the greatest orator since the Greeks. Presumably, no one will deny this, which is really deserved by him.
"Millennium literature has produced an author who is far more complicated or imaginative than Wang Yide, but no one is more charming than him. Whether chatting casually or getting along with friends, whether in happy years or in adversity, Wang Yide is equally charming. The lines of words he left have left a deep impression on us so far. " Borges said when referring to Wilde. No writer can combine life and art perfectly like Wilde. In his view, they are undoubtedly the most interesting things in the world, and interest is the essence of life and art. He has always wanted to turn his interesting life experiences into art, and he has indeed done it, and it is unique. Compared with other writers, what they show in real life is quite different from their works and equally boring. This will make us doubt what they advocate in their works. Wilde, on the other hand, has been looking for a writing form that can express his personality charm and give full play to his genius all his life, but he is more concerned with the interpretation of many wonderful chapters in his life. He has such a true temperament full of life interest that others will naturally be eclipsed.
Complete Works of Wilde (six volumes, including fairy tales, plays, poems, essays and letters), translated by Rong Rude and Ba Jin, China Literature Publishing House, September 2000, 65,438+098.00 yuan; Wilde, author Frank Harris, translated by Cai Xinle and Zhang Ning, Henan People's Publishing House, August 1996, 20.00 yuan.
Wilde's real literary career lasted only seven years from 1888 to 1894. From 65438 to 0887, he became the editor-in-chief of Women's World until he resigned from 65438 to 0889. Oscar Wilde's first unforgettable work was The Happy Prince published by 1888. It is worth noting that it is very attractive to both children and adults. 189 1 year, Dorian gray, Wilde's only novel, was published and almost unanimously condemned by British newspapers. Wilde's most interesting collection of essays is his collection of intentions. The critic as an artist accounts for more than half of the book, and the subtitle is "On the importance of inaction". 1892, Wilde claimed to be "a modern salon drama with a pink lampshade" and "Mrs. Windermere's Fan" was staged in St. James' Theatre, which was a great success. 1895 1.3, the premiere of An Ideal Husband; On February 14, The Importance of Being Serious premiered. Both plays received overwhelming audiences and favorable comments. In April, Wilde was jailed for "indecency" and sentenced to two years' hard labor. 1900165438+1On October 30th, Wilde died of meningitis in Avenue des Beaux Arts (13).
Dorian Gray's creation, like many events in Wilde's life, really happened by accident: Wilde and Arthur Conan Doyle had dinner with American publisher J·M· stoddart, and stoddart entrusted them to write for lippincott Monthly. Wilde wrote Dorian Gray, while Conan Doyle wrote Four Signs.
It was Zhou Zuoren who first translated Wilde into Chinese. He translated Wilde into Wilde. The collection of foreign novels compiled by Zhou Brothers 1909 begins with the Happy Prince. (Text/Jiang Weak Water)
Wilde's full name is Oscar Wilde. He is a famous English playwright, essayist and poet. However, his fairy tales spread more widely than his other works, and spread to every place with children in the world. He was born into a noble family in Dublin. His parents are surgeons and nobles. My mother was a writer and the host of a famous salon at that time. Wilde graduated from Oxford University. He was deeply influenced by literature since he was a child. During his study at Trinity University in Dublin, he read a lot of classical literary works, and with his outstanding talent, he quickly achieved great success in literature. Wilde has a poetic temperament. He won the Trinity Poetry Award in college, but later he chose to write critical novels and plays instead of writing poems. Although he is mainly known as an adult writer, there are two collections of fairy tales in his early works: The Story of the Happy Prince and Pomegranate Manor, which have been recorded in the history of British children's literature. On Wilde's tombstone, he is known as a "gifted scholar and dramatist". Indeed, he is a well-deserved playwright. At the peak of his career, his major plays include Mrs. Windermere's Fan and The Ideal Husband. , are temporary swan song. Speaking of "gifted scholar", Wilde was only 24 years old long before he was known to the world, and his poems won the grand prize; In his short creative career (46 years old), his works are full of wisdom and interest. However, the rapid development of his career and the formation of his style can be said to have originated from fairy tales. It was not until his first collection of fairy tales was published that people really regarded him as an influential writer. Elegance, a British magazine, compared him with Andersen, saying that his selfish giant is a "perfect work" and the whole collection of fairy tales is the crystallization of pure English. His aesthetic view of "art for art's sake" has a wide influence. Wilde pursues the expressive effect of language. His fairy tales are very narrative. Reading his fairy tales is like listening to a catchy and endless narrative. Almost everyone who knows Wilde well will mention Wilde's unparalleled eloquence when he recalls him. Looking at his fairy tales, people often feel that this great Victorian writer who lived in the19th century is still talking to us, and we are impressed and puzzled by his words, just like everyone who has heard his speech. 1In May, 888, his first collection of fairy tales, Happy Prince and Others (including Happy Prince, Nightingale and Rose, Selfish Giant, Loyal Friends and Magic Rocket), was published. This book caused a sensation immediately, and its author became the center of attention. 189 1 12, another collection of his fairy tales came out-pomegranate house, which contains four fairy tales: Young King, Birthday of Little Princess, Fisherman and His Soul, and Xingzi. This book is not as popular as Wilde's first fairy tale, but gradually, especially after Wilde's death, it has become a well-known story collection. These two works have obvious traces of Andersen's works. The works reveal negative and pessimistic thoughts. However, their happy sense of humor and structural beauty have made them go down in history in the history of British children's literature. These two collections of fairy tales are different in many ways, reflecting the change of the author's style. The style of the second fairy tale is more gorgeous, and the pronouns in biblical style appear more often. Oscar Wilde emphasized that his works describe reality in an ideal way rather than a repetitive way, which is also a rebound to contemporary art that imitates life. But sometimes this "rebound" is a bit too much, which slows down the rhythm of the story and loses its brightness and vividness. Oscar Wilde's most famous fairy tales are The Happy Prince and The Selfish Giant. The statue of the Happy Prince stands above the city. He saw the ugliness and poverty of the city. Although his heart is lead, he can't help crying. With the help of the swallow, the prince gave all his jewels to the poor. However, he and the swallow ended up with a tragic fate of throwing the body into the garbage dump. The Story of the Happy Prince is still one of the most famous fairy tales in Britain and has been reprinted many times. Among Wilde's fairy tales, The Selfish Giant is the shortest, the most beautiful and the most poetic one. Machine interest and drama run through all his fairy tales like twins, which is also the most attractive place of his fairy tales. Wilde is good at creating interesting description styles with gorgeous brushstrokes and vivid metaphors. The changes experienced by the kind and beautiful images in each of his fairy tales-the breakdown and death of the soul, and the dramatic effects of confrontation and conflict in them-hold the readers' heartstrings tightly. Wilde attributed the beauty of human nature to the people he loved, just like the prince and the swallow in The Happy Prince. Nightingale and the nightingale in the rose. Almost every fairy tale has an image that has become beautiful because of love, which embodies Wilde's original intention of pursuing ideal art and is worthy of being the originator of "art for art's sake". Once, Wilde told his son "selfish giant", and he couldn't help crying. When his son asked him why he was crying, Wilde said that really beautiful things always made him cry.
One of Wilde's comedies, No Child's Play, is not included in the entry. The original work is The Importance of Conscientiousness, and there is a translator Yu Guangzhong in China.
Oscar Wilde was voted the cleverest Englishman. He once joked that the customs should declare genius (Figure).
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/2007-10-1611:50: 00 Source: China News Network.
65,438+000 years ago, the famous British playwright Oscar Wilde boasted, "I have nothing to declare except my genius." 100 years later, when this proud artist was chosen as "the smartest Englishman" by the British people, he would never be surprised.
Last Sunday, a British digital channel announced "Who is the smartest Briton" voted by the people. Wilde won more than 20% of the votes with his last words, "These curtains are going to kill me, and one of us is leaving", and was elected as the most intelligent master in the eyes of the people. When the Irish writer died of illness, he was not among the celebrities in London. He was not even famous for writing The Picture of Dorian Gray or The Importance of Being Serious. On the contrary, he lay dying in a hotel room in Paris, and he was even convicted of "vulgar and indecent behavior" during his two years in prison (/kloc-the name for homosexual behavior in the 0/9th century). The wording of Wilde's last words is a kind of debate to some extent. This language logic shows that he will die as if he were alive. This sentence deserves to be the sharpest and sharpest classic in the English language.
Sean Milligan, a famous British comedian, was followed by Wilde. He is only two percentage points behind Wilde. The national treasure comedian only left himself an epitaph: "I told you I was sick!" "
Among the top ten wise men, Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister during World War II, was the cleverest politician. He was elected fifth because he had a famous quarrel with Bessie Brock, a female member of the Labour Party. One night, Churchill had two more drinks in the House of Commons and ran into Bessie. The fat woman growled at Churchill, "You are drunk! More importantly, you are a disgusting drunk! " Churchill immediately hit back: "I'm sorry, you are ugly, and more importantly, you are disgusting!" Of course, the biggest difference between us is that I will wake up tomorrow, but unfortunately you are still ugly tomorrow. "
Playwright No?l Coward ranked seventh. This master, who often has Miao Yan's epigrams, once praised human wisdom: "Wisdom should be cherished by us like caviar, and should not be abused at will like jam."
Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, known as the "Iron Lady", ranks 12, but she is the smartest woman on the list. This tough woman is actually a humorous person. She once said, "Having power is like being a woman. People who have no power will constantly remind everyone that they have power. Unlike women, women will keep telling others that they are women. " Point by point compilation
(Source: News Lunch)
Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, the second son of an outstanding family. His full name is Oscar Finger O 'Flaherty Wells Wilde. His father Sir William Wilder is a surgeon and his mother is a poet and writer.