Biometric identification technology mainly refers to a technology of identity authentication through human biometrics, in which biometrics are usually unique (different from others), measurable or automatically identified and verified, hereditary or lifelong. The core of the so-called biometric identification is how to obtain these biometric features, convert them into digital information, store them in a computer, and use a reliable matching algorithm to complete the process of verifying and identifying personal identity.

Physical features include: fingerprint, vein, palm shape, retina, iris, body odor, face shape, even blood vessels, DNA, bones and so on. Behavioral characteristics include: signature, pronunciation, walking gait and so on. Biometric identification system samples biological features, extracts their unique features and converts them into digital codes, and then forms feature templates with these codes. When people interact with the identity authentication system, the identity authentication system will compare their features with the feature templates in the database to determine whether they match, and then decide to accept or reject the person.