Since the Yuan Dynasty, blue-and-white porcelain has been patterned, but it is rarely seen so far. Only the "Silver from Hou Yuan to Yuan in May" unearthed in Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province, the red four-spirit jar covered with blue and white glaze in the Ming Dynasty and the pavilion-style porcelain warehouse; Ganoderma lucidum jar with five green flowers and branches collected by ceramics museum in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province; There are only a handful of cultural relics such as blue and white dragon elephant ear bottles collected by David Museum of University of London.
Ming Hongwu has blue and white "Chunshou" seal script bottles, as well as cursive "Fu" and "Shou". Blue-and-white patterns began to appear on the blue-and-white porcelain wares of Yongle Imperial Kiln in Ming Dynasty. At present, I have only seen four complete objects: one is the blue and white "Neifu" regular script with cover collected by Toyo Ceramic Art Museum in Osaka, Japan; The other three pieces are blue and white hand-pressed cups of "Yongle Year" seal script collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Since Xuande in Ming Dynasty, it has become a fixed form to write the imperial year number on official kiln porcelain. There are many models of blue and white porcelain in Xuande. The first feature is that there is no fixed writing position, and the mouth edge, heart, shoulders and abdomen of the circular instrument can be written. The second feature is that six-character regular script accounts for the vast majority. Thirdly, Xuande's blue-and-white calligraphy is characterized by neatness, beauty and generosity. Imitation of Xuande style began in Chenghua official kiln in Ming Dynasty, and it continued from dynasty to dynasty. Chenghua official kiln is mainly composed of Liu Yu's regular script, with strong font and centered strokes, which is not easy to imitate. Jiajing official kilns are mostly six-character shapes, rectangular in shape, with stiff and angular strokes, slightly to the right. Wanli official kiln is still dominated by six-character regular script, and the "×× year system" has been restored. The font is correct, honest and vigorous, and it looks very stylish.
Most of the blue-and-white porcelain wares in the official kilns in Qing Dynasty were engraved with the royal year number. Shunzhi, Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties mainly used regular script; Ganlong to Daoguang, mainly seal script; After Xianfeng, regular script was the main form.
Shunzhi blue-and-white porcelain has few types, mainly six-character regular script, soft font and Chongzhen style. Great changes have taken place in the concept of blue-and-white porcelain in Kangxi Imperial Kiln, which can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late. The early emperors had few titles, wide fonts and thick strokes; In the middle period, a large number of emperor titles appeared, mainly in six-character double-line regular script with beautiful font; In the later period, the characters are more beautiful and slender. In addition to the six-character regular script, there are also six-character seal scripts.
The blue and white porcelain wares in Yongzheng kiln are the most regular, with beautiful fonts, which seem to be poured out of the same mold, mostly in six-character regular script. Blue-and-white porcelain wares in Gan Long Imperial Kiln are mainly based on six-character seal script, with neat handwriting, rigorous brushwork, horizontal and vertical, and quite skillful.
In short, to distinguish the authenticity of blue and white porcelain, we need to practice from both positive and negative aspects, compare more, compare more and analyze more. After a long period of experience accumulation, practice makes perfect.