The life of the character
After the song dynasty
Zhao Mengfu was born in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province on September 10th (1254 10 October 20th), following Zhao, the son of Qin. His fifth ancestor, Zhao Ziluo, the king of Anxiu Xi, was Song Xiaozong's father. His fourth ancestor was Zhao Bogui, the King of Jing who worshiped Xian, and Zhao Mengfu became a Huzhou native because Xiaozong gave him a mansion in Huzhou. His great-grandfather Zhao Shitui, his grandfather Zhao Xijian and his father Yu Zhao were all officials in the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Shizong was posthumously appointed as a bachelor in Jixian County, Zhao Xijian as an ambassador and magistrate of a county, and Zhao and Yu were university students in Jixian County and Wei Guogong. Mother Li, mother Qiu. Grandpa died young and had no children, so his grandmother took him as an heir. Zhao Mengfu is the seventh son of Zhao and Chen. When he was eleven, his father died and his biological mother supervised him.
Zhao Mengfu was smart since he was a child, and he never forgot to read. He writes with a pen and writes like the wind. At the age of fourteen, Zhao Mengfu was recruited for family reasons, and passed the official selection examination, and was transferred to Zhou Zhen to join the army.
After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu once lived in seclusion. Qiu said, "The Holy Dynasty will be used by talents in the south of the Yangtze River. How can you surpass ordinary people if you don't study very much? " So he worked harder, worshiped the old Confucian Ao Jigong as a teacher, learned classics and righteousness, made progress in his studies, and became famous. Jia Gu, the official minister, is the editor of Hanlin National History Museum, but he resigned from his post.
Major achievements
draw
Amin Wang Shizhen once said: "Scholars painted from Dongpo to Song Xue." This sentence basically objectively reveals Zhao Mengfu's position in the history of China painting. Whether studying the history of China painting or China literati painting, Zhao Mengfu is an unavoidable key figure.
If the interest of Tang and Song painting lies in creating a literary environment, then Zhao Mengfu played a bridge role in it. If the literati painting movement before the Yuan Dynasty mainly showed the preparation of public opinion, and the literati painting movement after the Yuan Dynasty gradually replaced formal painting with its successful practice and became the mainstream of painting, it was Zhao Mengfu who caused this change.
As a great leader in the period of transformation and change, Zhao Mengfu has made outstanding achievements in the following aspects:
First of all, he put forward the slogan "Painting values the ancient meaning", which reversed the decline of painting circles since the Northern Song Dynasty and turned painting from elegant and trivial style to simple and natural.
The second is to put forward the slogan of "taking Yunshan as a teacher", emphasizing the painter's realistic basic skills and practical skills, and overcoming the bad habit of "ink play".
Thirdly, he put forward the slogan of "painting and calligraphy are of the same origin", and painted with calligraphy, which made the literati temperament of painting more intense and the charm of painting enhanced.
Fourthly, he put forward the slogan "How can you write distant sadness without being a fake painter's pen?". Represented by painting, the intrinsic function of painting has been deepened and covered more widely.
Fifth, he has made achievements in figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, horses and beasts, and his painting skills have been completely innovated.
6. His paintings have the beauty of poems, books and seals, which complement each other.
7. Under the political situation that the North and the South were unified and the Mongols entered the Central Plains, he absorbed the strengths of the North and South paintings, revived the traditional painting art of the Central Plains, and maintained and continued its development.
Eighth, he can unite minority artists, including Gaohe Kanglizi Mountain, and prosper China culture.
calligraphy
Kai Shu Da Jia
Zhao Mengfu and his wife, Guan Daosheng, are both disciples of Mingben monk in Zhongfeng. Zhao Mengfu is proficient in music and is good at identifying ancient artifacts. His poems are beautiful and elegant, and his calligraphy and painting are especially famous. His calligraphy and calligraphy are excellent, and regular script and running script have the deepest attainments and the widest influence. Zhao Mengfu was an influential calligrapher in the early Yuan Dynasty and was highly respected. According to Song Lian, a scholar, Zhao's calligraphy learned Lingling's Eight Intellectuals in his early years, Zhong You and Fairy in his middle years and books in his later years. Wang Shimao said: "Wen came from the hands of two kings (the sum of Wang Xizhi), and he was close, so he got the right army; If you have an elegant attitude, you will get a big order; "This calligraphy tablet is very cool, imitating Yuelu and Miluo in Li Beihai." In addition, he also visited Dingding Monument in Yuan and Wei Dynasties, Tang Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and others. In seal script, he studied Shi Guwen and cursed Zhu Wen; Hu, Zhong You; Learning cursive script and offering sacrifices can strive to inherit the tradition. As Wen Jia said, "Gong Wei's calligraphy is superior to that of the ancients, who all imitated it". Yu Ji called him: "Kaifa won the" Luo Shen Fu "and won the bid. As for cursive script, first fill in article 17 and measure its shape. "He is an accomplished calligrapher who combines Jin and Tang calligraphy. Contemporary calligraphers hold him in high esteem, and some later generations listed him as one of the four masters of regular script "Yan, Liu, Ou and Zhao". Dong Qichang, a painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, thought that his calligraphy was directly welcomed by Jin people, and commented that his calligraphy was "vulgar because of familiarity".
Absorb strengths.
Zhao Mengfu is good at absorbing other people's strengths, so he has made great achievements in calligraphy. What is particularly valuable is that most calligraphers in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were only good at lines and cursive scripts, while Zhao Mengfu was able to delve into various styles. Later generations, many people studied Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy, and Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy was very popular in Korea and Japan.
This book is profound in theory.
Zhao Mengfu has an important position and far-reaching influence in the history of calligraphy art in China. His contribution to calligraphy lies not only in his calligraphy works, but also in his calligraphy theory. He has many original ideas about calligraphy. He believes: "There are two ways to learn books, one is brushwork, and the other is glyph. Exquisite brushwork, although good and evil; The shape is wonderful, although it is still cooked. " If you can understand this through reading, you can tell books. ""It's good to study while pondering over ancient books and know what it means to use a pen. "When writing ancient books, he pointed out a meaningful fact:" The predecessors got a few lines of ancient books and studied them with great concentration, so they could become famous all over the world. In addition, Preface to Lanting Collection is a satisfactory calligraphy work by Wang Youjun (Wang Xizhi). Insist on learning, how can you worry that calligraphy is not better than others? "All these can give us important enlightenment.
Zhao Mengfu's article is out of date and bypasses the study of Buddhism and Taoism. His paintings, landscapes take Dong Yuan and Li Cheng; Characters, pommel horse teacher, Li and Tang people; Bamboo, flowers and birds are all known for their mellow and elegant brushwork, painting stones with flying white and writing bamboo with calligraphy. He strongly advocated changing the style of courtyards in the Southern Song Dynasty, claiming that "painting is expensive in ancient times. Without it, no matter how elaborate it is, it is useless. " He pursued the testimonies of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty from a distance. At that time, people praised him for his "ambition" in the Tang Dynasty and "heroism" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and removed their "slimness" and "preciseness", thus creating a new situation of painting style in the Yuan Dynasty.
Zhao Mengfu has a wide range of friends, learning from Gao, Qian Xuan, Li Li and Guo Youzhi. Chen Lin, Tang Di, Zhu Derun, Ke, Huang, Wang Meng, etc. He is good at seal cutting and is known as "Round Zhu Wen".
Handed down books