NBA is the abbreviation of National Basketball Association (National Basketball Association). Founded on June 6, 1946. When it was established, it was called BAA, which is the Basketball Association of America. It was jointly established by the owners of eleven ice hockey stadiums and gymnasiums in order to keep the gymnasiums from being idle outside of ice hockey games. . When the BAA was founded, there were only 11 teams: New York Knicks, Boston Celtics, Washington Congress, Chicago Stags, Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, Philadelphia Warriors, Pittsburgh Ironmen, Pros Wydens Steamers, St. Louis Bombers and Toronto Eskimos. In 1949, the BAA annexed another league at the time (NBL) and changed its name to the NBA. In the 1949-50 season, there were only 17 teams in the NBA. In 1976, the NBA merged with the American Basketball Association (ABA), increasing the number of teams to 22. In 1980, the Dallas Mavericks joined the NBA. In 1988, the Charlotte Hornets and Miami Heat joined the NBA. In 1990, the Orlando Magic and Minnesota Timberwolves joined the NBA. In 1995, two Canadian teams joined the NBA, the Toronto Raptors and the Vancouver Grizzlies, bringing the number of NBA teams to 29. In 2004, 30 Bobcat teams were added.

President: David Stern

NBA History

In 1896, the first basketball organization in the United States, the "National Basketball League (NBL)" was established , but at that time basketball rules were not perfect and the organizational structure was not sound. Often a player could represent several teams in a season. After a few seasons, the organization existed in name only.

On April 6, 1946, the "Basketball Association of America (BAA)" was founded by Walter A. Brown, the owner of Boston Garden in the United States. Brown first proposed the two cornerstones of modern professional basketball. The high salary system and contract system mean that professional basketball must have strong financial support so that the game can be maintained at a high level, attract audiences, and survive. The contract system means that a player can only sign a contract with one club, and a player reserve system is established to prevent losses when players suddenly leave the team.

In 1949, with Brown's efforts, the two major basketball organizations in the United States, the BAA and the NBL, merged into the "National Basketball Association (NBA)". Brown also became the founder of what became known as the Boston Celtics. When the NBA was founded, it had 17 teams divided into three divisions. The Minneapolis Lakers from the NBL relied on the help of George Mikan, the top center in the United States who was 2.09 meters tall, to win the NBA championship in the first season. Starting from the 1954-55 season, the NBA has only two major divisions, the Eastern Conference and the Western Conference, after natural elimination. Among them, the Eastern League is divided into the Atlantic District and the Central District; the Western League is divided into the Central and Western District and the Pacific District.

In 1952, in order to limit the scoring ability of No. 1 center Mikan, the NBA expanded the width of the 3-second penalty area under the basket from the original 6 feet to 12 feet. In the 1960s, due to the emergence of another super center Chamberlain, the NBA expanded the width of the penalty area to 16 feet.

Because NBA teams often use delaying tactics when leading the score, the game cannot attract spectators. From the 1954-1955 season, the NBA began to implement the 24-second system, that is, each team's attack must not exceed 24 seconds. . In 1973, CBS bought the three-year rights to broadcast NBA games for US$27 million, making NBA games on television for the first time. However, because the conditions for live broadcasting were not available at the time, they could only play videos.

In 1967, a new basketball organization, the ABA (American Basketball Association), was established, with George Mikan as its first president. The ABA uses red, white and blue basketballs and implements a long-range three-point shooting system. It also holds a dunk contest every year. These measures are not allowed in the NBA.

However, due to poor management, the ABA was annexed by the American NBA in 1976. Since then, the NBA has formed a monopoly on the American basketball industry.

Since 1979, the NBA has implemented a 3-point long-range shooting system. In order to avoid the disparity in strength between teams, the NBA has established an annual "NBA Rookie Selection System", which ranks the college players who graduated in that year according to their level, and then each club selects them in sequence according to the final ranking of the league that year. The latter is selected first, and each team can only select one in each round. This ensures that the weakest team can get the highest-level rookie. The weak team that selects a new star will often be reborn in the new season. In order to prevent wealthy teams from using high salaries to monopolize star players, the NBA has set a limit on the total salary of each team. If you spend a lot of money to buy stars, you won't be able to buy other outstanding players. This system ensures that the best stars are evenly distributed among the teams, making the teams very close in strength. If the "high salary system" and "contract system" are the two cornerstones of the NBA, then the "rookie selection system" and the "salary limit system" ensure the intensity and excitement of NBA games. The unpredictability of the game will attract many American fans. Attracted to the basketball court.

The NBA league also implements a transfer system. NBA players are not allowed to be bought or sold, but can only be exchanged for players. From the start of the season until 9 p.m. on the 16th Thursday, teams can freely exchange players. From then on until the end of the regular season, all team personnel were "frozen". NBA transfers involve exchanging players and contracts together.

The 58th birthday candle was blown out, and on the cake was the latest version of the NBA map in 2005, the Charlotte Bobcats, becoming another cherry on top of the cream. Thirty is not an old growth ring with texture deposits, but a new time and space of memory expansion. From 1946 to 2004, the team barcode goes from No. 11 to No. 30. The NBA, which is unprecedented in scale, is thirty.

Eastern Conference EAST

NBA members

Atlantic Division: 76ers, Knicks, Nets, Celtics, Raptors

Central Division: Pistons, Pacers, Cavaliers, Bucks, Bulls

Southeast Division: Heat, Magic, Wizards, Hawks, Bobcats

Western Conference WEST:

Northwest Division: Timberwolves, Nuggets, Jazz, Trail Blazers, SuperSonics

Pacific Division: Kings, Lakers, Suns, Warriors, Clippers

Southwestern Division : Spurs, Rockets, Mavericks, Grizzlies, Hornets

The six divisions highlight regional competition. With the addition of the Charlotte Bobcats, the number of NBA teams has reached 30. There has been controversy about the playoff seeding rules. After discussions with the league management, it was officially announced on August 3, Beijing time, that starting from next season, the existing playoff ranking rules will be changed.

The NBA has 30 teams, divided into two major divisions, the Eastern and Western divisions. Each division is divided into three smaller divisions. The Eastern division is the Atlantic Division, the Central Division and the Southeast Division; The Western Division is the Southwest Division, Northwest Division and Taiping Division.

The new seed ranking rules are: the top four seeds in each division are composed of the first-ranked team in each division and the remaining team with the best performance, but the ranking of the top four seeds Places are ranked based on their respective scores.

The previous playoff seeding rules are obviously unreasonable. According to the past ranking rules, in each division, the top three teams in each division will be the Eastern and Western divisions. The top three seeds are ranked based on their respective records. The second place in a certain division, even if its winning rate is higher than the first place in another division, can only be ranked as the fourth seed in the division.

This ranking rule was criticized by people last season. The two strongest teams in the Western Division happened to be St. Anthony in the Southwest Division (Anthony News, Anthony Says). The Spurs and the Dallas Mavericks, but according to last year's playoff seeding rules, the Spurs are the No. 1 seed, and although the Mavericks have a much higher winning rate than the Denver Nuggets, the first place in the Southwest Division, and the Phoenix Suns, the first place in the Pacific Division , but could only be ranked fourth seed. So the two best teams in the Western Conference had to meet early in the second round of the playoffs. In the end, the Dallas Mavericks defeated the Spurs in seven hard-fought games and advanced to the Western Conference Finals.

Note: It is well known that NBA is the abbreviation of National Basketball Association, but according to some current players, such as Shaquille O'Neal, NBA has another explanation, namely Nothing But Actor

The growth history of the NBA

The predecessor of the NBA was the Basketball Association of America (Basketball Association of America) founded on June 6, 1946, abbreviated as BAA. The BAA was initiated by the owners of 11 ice hockey arenas and gymnasiums. Its purpose is to prevent the gymnasiums from being idle outside of ice hockey games.

When the BAA was founded, there were only 11 teams, namely:

Boston Celtics

Chicago Stags

Cleveland Rebels

Detroit Falcons

New York Knickerbrockers

Philadelphia Warriors Philadelphia Warriors

Pittsburgh Ironmen

Provedence Steamrollers

St Louis Bombers

Toronto Huskies

Washington Capitols

1947: Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, Pittsburgh Ironmen, and Toronto Huskies. Therefore disbanded. In the same year, the Baltimore Bulletins joined, bringing the total number of BAA teams to eight.

In 1948, with the addition of four teams from the National Basketball League (NBL), the total number of BAA teams increased to 12. The four teams are: Fort Wayne Pistons, Indianapolis Jets, Minneapolis Lakers, Rochester Royals .

1949: BAA and NBL merged, and the name was changed to "National Basketball Association" (NBA-National Basketball Association)

The six teams merged from the NBL were. : Anderson Packers, Denver Nuggets, Sheboygan Redskins, Syracuse Nationals, Tri-City Blackhawks ), Waterloo Hawks.

That same year, the Prudence Steam Rollers were disbanded and the Indianapolis Jets were renamed the Indianapolis Olympians. The total number of NBA teams has increased to 17, divided into three groups: East, Central and West.

1950: Anderson Packers, Denver Nuggets, Sheboygan Redskins, and Waterloo Hawks quit the NBA; while the Chicago Bucks and St. Louis Bombers disbanded, leaving the remaining The 11 NBA teams were once again divided into East and West groups.

1951: The Washington Capitals disbanded, reducing the number of NBA teams to 10. The Tri-City Blackhawks moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Hawks.

In 1953 and 1954, the NBA continued to "attribute". The Indianapolis Olympians and Baltimore Bullets disbanded one after another, leaving only 8 NBA teams.

1955: The Milwaukee Hawks moved to St. Louis and changed their name to the St. Louis Hawks.

1957: The Fort Wayne Pistons moved to Detroit and were renamed the Detroit Pistons; the Rochester Royals moved to Cincinnati and were renamed the Cincinnati Royals ).

1960: The Minneapolis Lakers moved to Los Angeles and changed their name to the Los Angeles Lakers.

1961: The Chicago Packers join, and the NBA has nine teams.

1962: The Philadelphia Warriors move to San Francisco and change their name to the San Francisco Warriors Warriors), the Chicago Packers were renamed the Chicago Zephyrs

1963: The Chicago Zephyrs moved to Baltimore and were renamed the Baltimore Bullets; the National Team moved to Syracuse. Philadelphia, renamed Philadelphia 76ers (Philadelphia 76ers)

1966: The Chicago Bulls joined the NBA and became the 10th team in the league. 1967: Joined the San Diego Rockets and Seattle Supersonics, bringing the total number of teams to 12.

1968: Milwaukee Bucks and Phoenix Suns The Phoenix Suns were added, and the total number of NBA teams had reached 14. The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta and were renamed the Atlanta Hawks. 1970: The number of NBA teams increased to 17. The three teams are: Buffalo Braves, Cleveland Cavaliers and Portland Trail Blazers. The NBA league is officially divided into East and West Divisions. It is divided into the Atlantic Group and the Central Group, and the West Division is divided into the Midwest Group and the Pacific Group.

1971: The San Diego Rockets moved to Houston and were renamed the Houston Rockets; the San Francisco Warriors. Moved to Oakland and changed their name to the Golden State Warriors

1972: The Cincinnati Royals moved to Kansas City-Ohama and changed their name to Kansas City-Ohama. Kansas City-Ohama Kings.

1973: The Baltimore Bullets moved and were renamed the Capital Bullets.

1974: The New Orleans Jazz joins the NBA and the NBA expands to 18 teams. The Capital Bullets were renamed the Washington Bullets.

1975: The Kansas City-Ohama Kings settled in Kansas and changed their name to the Kasas City Kings.

1976: Four teams originally belonging to the ABA (American Basketball Association), Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and New York Nets , the San Antonio Spurs merged into the NBA, increasing the number of NBA teams to 22.

1977: The New York Nets changed their name to the New Jersey Nets.

1978: The Buffalo Warriors moved to San Diego and changed their name to the San Diego Clippers.

1979: The New Orleans Jazz moved to Salt Lake City and changed their name to Utah Jazz.

1980: The Dallas Mavericks join the NBA as the 23rd team.

1981: The New Jersey Nets moved to E. Rutherford and the team name remained unchanged

1984: The San Diego Clippers moved to Los Angeles and changed their name to the Los Angeles Clippers ).

1985: The Kansas City Kings moved to Sacramento and were renamed the Sacramento Kings.

1988: Charlotte Hornets and Miami Heat join the NBA as the 24th and 25th teams.

1989: With the addition of the Minnesota Timberwolves and Orlando Magic, the total number of NBA teams increased to 27.

1995: With the addition of the Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies, two teams based in Canada, the number of NBA teams reached an unprecedented 29.

1997: The Washington Bullets changed their name to the Washington Wizards.

2001: The Vancouver Grizzlies moved to Memphis and were renamed the Memphis Grizzlies.

2002: The Charlotte Hornets moved to New Orleans, Louisiana and were renamed the New Orleans Hornets.

2004: The Charlotte Bobcats join the NBA as the 30th team.

The 2007-2008 season started on October 30, 2007.

NBA Rules

The NBA is a league of professional basketball teams in the United States. The NBA rules formulated by it are bound to be different from the FIBA ??rules formulated by the International Amateur Basketball Federation.

In addition to the various indispensable and effective rules in FIBA ??rules, NBA rules also have their own distinctive regional, commercial and characteristics that ensure and promote wonderful performances. The following introduces the important parts of NBA rules (focusing on the parts that are different from FIBA ??rules) for readers' reference.

(1) Competition rules

1. Court Size

The NBA court size is 94 feet (28.65 meters) long and 50 feet (15.24 meters) wide. The court is measured from the inside edge of the boundary line, which is 2 feet (5.08 cm) wide. There are rectangular penalty areas marked at both ends of the court, 19 feet (5.79 meters) long and 16 feet (4.88 meters) wide. There are 3-point shooting lines marked on both ends of the court. The drawing method is: two lines parallel to the sidelines are drawn from the baseline, each 3 feet (0.91 meters) away from the sidelines, with the center point of the basket as the center and 23 feet 9 The intersection of arcs with a radius of inches (7.24 meters). The WNBA's arc radius is 19 feet 9 inches (6.02 meters). The radius of the circle is 6 feet (1.83 meters). The radius of the circle within the center circle is 2 feet (0.61 meters), with a center line running through it. There are also four marking lines 2 inches (5.08 cm) perpendicular to the sideline, each 28 feet (8.53 meters) from the bottom line and extending 3 feet (0.91 meters) into the field. (The position area, neutral area and some short marking lines are omitted.)

2. Game time

Each game is divided into two and a half hours and four quarters, each quarter is 12 minutes. Overtime is 5 minutes. Rest 130 seconds between the first and second quarters, and between the third and fourth quarters. Rest 15 minutes between halves. A 100-second break is allowed between the 4th quarter and overtime and between any overtime period. During the last minute of the first, second and third quarters, the game clock shall be stopped after a successful field goal. During the final two minutes of the fourth quarter and overtime, the game clock shall be stopped after a successful field goal.

3. Team

During the competition, each team consists of 5 players, and the number of players on the field must not be less than 5. If a player commits a sixth personal foul and the team has no eligible substitutes, the player shall remain on the court and shall be charged a personal and team foul; the team shall also be assessed a technical foul. All subsequent personal fouls (including offensive fouls) shall be dealt with accordingly. If there are only 5 qualified players and one of them is injured and must leave the game or be ejected, he shall be replaced by the last player disqualified for 6 personal fouls. This reverse order should be followed each time it is necessary to replace an injured or ejected player. Any disqualified player who re-enters the game shall be assessed a technical foul.

4． Start of Game The first quarter and overtime shall begin with a jump ball in center. The second and third quarters shall begin with a throw-in from the end line by the team that lost possession of the ball after the kickoff of the first quarter. The fourth quarter shall begin with a throw-in at the end line by the team that gained possession of the ball after the kickoff of the first quarter.

5. Dead ball, live ball, pressure ball

The ball becomes dead when the following situations occur: A scrimmage; The ball stays on the basket or is stuck between the basket and the backboard; Time expires in any quarter; Technical foul free throw; personal foul (boxing foul, non-contest foul); first free throw among multiple free throws; on-court violation (walking with the ball, 3 seconds, 10 seconds, 24 seconds, etc.); fighting foul; omission call whistle; after a successful field goal or free throw; before a player takes possession of out-of-bounds territory. The ball becomes live when: on any jump ball, when the referee tosses the ball; when a throw-in player becomes available to handle the ball; when a free throw throw player becomes available to handle the ball. The ball becomes a ball in the following situations: when the ball is legally tapped by a jump ball player; when the ball leaves the hands of a throw-in player; when the ball leaves the hands of a free throw player.

6. Substitutions

The substitute shall report his and the names and numbers of the substituted player to the scorer and shall place himself in the substitution area in front of the scorer's table. Failure to report to the Recorder will result in a $25 fine.

The scorer should blow the whistle to announce a substitution when the ball becomes dead (except after a successful shot). Substitutes must be waved by the referee before they can enter the game. The time limit for replacing a disqualified player is 30 seconds. After the first of multiple free throws, a substitute is allowed into the game regardless of whether the free throw is made or not. Substitutes may not replace free throw shooters or jump ball players, unless the injured player requests a substitution, in which case the opposing coach shall select a substitute player on the team bench on the side that takes the free throw (jump ball). The injured player cannot play again. Substitutes must remain on the field once they enter the game and substitutions are not allowed until the next dead ball. If a player is injured due to unsportsmanlike conduct and is unable to take a free throw, his coach may designate any qualified player on the team to take the free throw. Injured players can also play again.

7． Time-out

(l) 20-second time-out Each team has the right to request a 20-second time-out every half. ***You can request two 20-second timeouts per game (including overtime). A player requests a 20-second timeout, which is only given when the ball becomes dead or the team controls the ball. The players should shout: "20 seconds timeout". During the 20-second timeout, the team may only substitute one player. If the team requesting the timeout substitutes a player, the opposing team may also substitute a player. If a second 20-second time-out is requested during half-time (including overtime), it shall be allowed, but a regular time-out will be registered. If play cannot continue at the end of 20 seconds, a regular timeout shall also be registered. (2) Regular timeout (100 seconds) Each team has the right to request 7 registered regular timeouts. Each team is limited to no more than 4 timeouts in the fourth quarter; no more than 3 timeouts in the last two minutes of the fourth quarter. In overtime, each team is allowed 3 timeouts. A player requests a 100-second timeout, which is only given when the ball becomes dead or the team controls the ball. The players should shout: "Timeout". Each quarter must have two timeouts. If no team calls a timeout with 6 minutes and 59 seconds left in each quarter, the scorer shall take a mandatory timeout at the first dead ball, and this timeout will be registered in the name of the home team. If no team calls a second timeout with 2 minutes and 59 seconds remaining in each quarter, the scorer shall take a mandatory timeout on the first dead ball and register this timeout in the name of the team that was not previously registered in that quarter. Additional timeouts are allowed, but a technical foul will be assessed. The head coach can request a 20-second or 100-second timeout when the game is suspended. 8. 24-second rule

When a team gains new possession of the ball during the game, or when the ball is legally touched by a player on the court during a throw-in, the 24-second timer will start. The team in possession of the ball must shoot within 24 seconds of receiving the ball. The conditions for completing the shot are: (1) The ball must leave the player's hand before the end of 24 seconds; (2) After the ball leaves the player's hand, the ball must make self-contact with the basket. If the ball does not touch the ring within 24 seconds, it is a 24-second violation.

(2) Violations and Penalties

1.3 Second Rule

If a team controls the ball, its members shall not stay in the penalty area for more than 3 seconds seconds. A team controls the ball in the frontcourt and starts counting for 3 seconds. Penalty: Losing the ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent for a sideline throw-in at the extended portion of the free throw line.

2. Elbow Swing

Players are not allowed to swing their elbows excessively or forcefully (no contact). It is a violation when a defensive player is nearby and an offensive player has the ball. Penalty: Losing the ball. The ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in on the sideline near the location of the violation.

3. Illegal Scoring Assistance

A player may not use the hoop or backboard to hoist, support, or elevate himself or herself to assist in scoring a field goal. Players may not assist a teammate to gain height when shooting. Penalty: Losing the ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent for a sideline throw-in at the extended portion of the free throw line.

4． Isolation

A violation shall be called if the offensive team places three or more players outside the top of the circle or on the side without the ball. Penalty: Losing the ball. The ball is awarded to the opposing side for a throw-in at the top extension of the circle.

5. Offensive Screen Out of Bounds

Offensive players may not leave the ground area at the front end line in order to establish a screen. Penalty: Losing the ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent for a sideline throw-in at the extended portion of the free throw line.

6. Sticky Substances

Players may not use sticky substances or any similar substances. Penalty: First offense, $25 fine. The fine will be doubled for further violations.

(3) Fouls and penalties

1. Technical Foul A technical foul is a penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct or violation by a team member on the field or in the team bench. Illegal contact with an opponent's player before the ball becomes live may also be assessed as a technical foul. (1) Unsportsmanlike conduct. A maximum of two technical fouls may be assessed for unsportsmanlike conduct by any player, coach or trainer. Any violator may be ejected for one unsportsmanlike act; two unsportsmanlike acts must result in ejection. Unsportsmanlike behavior such as: speaking rudely to the referee; physically touching the referee; publicly expressing dissatisfaction with the decision; using obscene language; coaches entering the court without the referee's permission; intentionally extending elbows or trying to use hands or feet but Contact not included. There are also some technical fouls that are not caused by unsportsmanlike behavior, such as: delay of the game; violations in the team bench area; fewer or more than 5 players on the court when the ball becomes a dynamic ball; offensive players intentionally hanging on the basket hoop or backboard, etc. Illegal contact during a dead ball period may be assessed as a technical foul if it is deemed to be unsportsmanlike in nature or as a flagrant foul if the contact is unnecessary and excessive. (2) Fighting fouls. If players, coaches or trainers fight during a game or during a dead ball period, a technical foul will be registered and no free throw will be awarded. Those involved in the fight shall be expelled immediately. In addition, depending on the circumstances, the fighter may be fined no more than $20,000 and suspended. In NBA games, penalties for fouls are relatively severe. A player, coach or trainer may be ejected if he/she commits any of the following: an elbow foul involving contact at or below shoulder level; a technical foul due to unsportsmanlike conduct; or a flagrant foul resulting from unnecessary or excessive contact. Players, coaches or trainers must be ejected if they: Boxing foul; Fighting foul; Elbow foul touching above shoulder level; Attempting to throw a punch without contact; Intentionally entering the stands not as a continuation of the game . In order to punish and stop fouls, NBA rules also include fines. For example: if the referee believes that a player is hanging on the basket intentionally, he should be sentenced to a technical foul and fined $100; The penalty for a technical foul is $100, and an additional $150 for the second foul, etc.

2. Personal foul

Illegal physical contact with an opponent's player after the ball becomes live is a personal foul. Players are not allowed to pull, push, or bump into opposing players; nor are they allowed to hinder the progress of opposing players by extending their arms, legs, knees, or bending their bodies into abnormal postures. Violation of the regulations will be deemed a personal foul and will be dealt with according to relevant penalties.

(1) Double-sided foul

A double-sided foul refers to the situation where two players from different teams commit personal fouls or technical fouls on each other at approximately the same time.

Penalty:

No free throws will be awarded regardless of personal fouls or technical fouls. Only fouls will be registered for players, not for the entire team. If a team has possession of the ball when a foul or fighting foul is called, the ball shall be retained and the game shall continue with a throw-in from the sideline near the point where the game was interrupted. If neither team has possession of the ball when a foul or fighting foul is declared, or the ball is in the air after an unsuccessful shot, any two players from different teams shall jump the ball in the center circle to continue the game. If the shot is successful, the score is valid and the game continues with a throw-in from the baseline. If the foul between the two sides is the result of different opinions of the referee, the score will not be counted and the game shall continue with a jump ball in the center circle by any two players from different teams.

(2) Offensive foul

After the ball becomes live, an offensive player makes illegal contact with the opponent, which is an offensive foul.

If an offensive player commits a personal foul, if it is not an elbow foul, a boxing foul, or a flagrant foul, the penalty shall be as follows: no points will be awarded to the offensive team; a personal foul will be registered for the offending player; A team-wide foul is registered for the team (except for a player's sixth personal foul and the team has no eligible substitutes).

(3) No-ball foul

After the ball becomes a live ball, illegal contact with the opponent when neither team has the ball is a no-ball foul.

A player committed a personal foul. If it is not a boxing foul, a flagrant foul, or an elbow foul, and neither team has possession of the ball when the foul occurs, the penalties shall be as follows: a personal foul will be registered against the offending player; a team foul will be registered against the offending team; If a team-wide foul penalty does not occur, the opposing team will be awarded a throw-in on the sideline near the location of the foul; if a team-wide foul penalty occurs, the offended player will be awarded one free throw plus one free throw.

If the defensive team is awarded a no-ball foul, and then the field goal (free throw) is successful, the offended team should be awarded a free throw, making it possible to score 3 or 4 points. This rule applies: regardless of which offensive player the foul is committed against; regardless of whether a team-wide foul penalty occurs.

If the offensive team is awarded a no-ball foul and the offensive player succeeds in shooting, the score will not be counted.

(4) Boxing foul

It is a boxing foul if a player punches the opponent hard.

Illegal contact due to boxing is a personal foul and a team foul. A free throw shall be awarded, whether successful or not, and the ball shall be awarded as a throw-in at midfield to the team that was violated.

Any player who punches an opponent, whether or not it hits, is deemed to be unsportsmanlike conduct and shall be immediately ejected and suspended from at least one game.

This rule applies both during the game and when the ball is dead.

If consecutive boxing fouls occur, all aspects of this rule will apply and a throw-in will be awarded at midfield by the team last violated.

In addition, depending on the circumstances, the player may be fined and suspended not exceeding US$20,000.

(5) Non-contest foul

In the last two minutes of the fourth quarter or overtime, the defensive team makes illegal contact with the offensive team that has the ball, and this If the contact occurs in an area far away from the ball or when the foul ball has not left the hand, it is a non-playing foul penalty: one personal foul and one team foul are registered; one free throw is awarded (two free throws for elbow fouls or flagrant fouls). , any player on the field may perform this free throw; and the offended team shall take a throw-in near the point where the game was interrupted to continue the game.

(6) Team fouls

If each team commits more than 4 fouls in each quarter, and if each team commits more than 3 fouls in overtime, a free throw will be awarded. Add one free throw.

If the team commits less than 4 fouls in the first 10 minutes of each quarter, or the team commits less than 3 fouls in the first 3 minutes of overtime, the team is allowed to have one team foul in the last two minutes. Additional penalties.

If a personal foul occurs against a player who is shooting, two free throws will be awarded. If a team foul penalty occurs, additional free throws will not be awarded; if the shot is successful, one free throw will be awarded. No additional free throws will be awarded when a team foul penalty occurs. That is, a maximum of 3 points can be scored on a successful two-point shot, and a maximum of 4 points can be scored on a successful 3-point shot.

The process of NBA rule changes

1946-47 season: The zone defense in the original university rules was abolished (January 11, 1947)

1950-51 season: Added rebounding statistics

1951-52 season: In order to weaken George Mikan's dominance of the basket,