Enteromorpha is a genus of the green algae Ulvaceae. There are about 11 species in China, widely distributed in various oceans, and some species can also be found in brackish water or rivers. The reason for the formation of Enteromorpha is something people are curious about. Let me introduce to you the relevant knowledge of Enteromorpha prolifera in detail.
Reasons for the formation of Enteromorpha
Enteromorpha, also known as "moss strips" and "moss vegetables". Class Chlorophyta, Ulvaceae. The algal body is bright green and consists of a single layer of cells, which are surrounded by tubes or adhered into ribbons. The cell arrangement is related to the species, with single nucleus and one to multiple starch nuclei. Chromatophores are flaky, 1. Single or branched, tubular and membranous, clustered, with obvious main branches and slender branches, up to 1 meter high. The base is composed of pseudoroot filaments and a disc-shaped anchor attached to the rock. It grows on tidal flats and gravels in the mid-tidal zone. Asexual or sexual reproduction, gametes can reproduce vegetatively, and the life cycle is the alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte isomorphic generations. Due to global climate change, water eutrophication and other reasons, the green tide of the large marine alga Enteromorpha enterica has occurred. Morphological characteristics of Enteromorpha
Enteromorpha is also known as "moss strips" and "moss vegetables". Class Chlorophyta, Ulvaceae. The algal body is bright green and consists of a single layer of cells, which are surrounded by tubes or adhered into ribbons. The cell arrangement is related to the species, with single nucleus and one to multiple starch nuclei. Chromatophores are flaky, 1. Single or branched, the plant height can reach 1M. The base is composed of rhizome filaments and forms a disc-shaped anchor. Asexual or sexual reproduction, gametes can reproduce vegetatively, and the life cycle is the alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte isomorphic generations. Tubular membranous, clustered, with obvious main branches and slender branches, up to 1 meter high. The base is attached to the rock with a fixator and grows on mid-tidal tidal flats and gravel.
Enteromorpha algae are upright and tubular, hollow or at least hollow at the handle and edge of the algae. The tubular part is composed of a single layer of cells. The algae are single or branched, cylindrical, and sometimes partially flattened. The cells at the base of the algae produce pseudoroot filaments and form anchors downward. Each cell has one nucleus, one lamellar chloroplast, and often one or more pyrenoids. During vegetative reproduction, the algae break to form new algae. Asexual reproduction is the formation of zoospores with 4 flagella at the top. Sexual reproduction is homogamy or heterogamy.
Single-celled algae are small in size and have a large surface area, so they absorb nutrients quickly. And because they are easy to die or be eaten by animals, once the right conditions are present, they will continue to grow at an alarming rate. Breed, breed, breed. Massive algal blooms will not only block the breathing of fish and other organisms, causing their death, but will also block the sunlight entering the water body, causing other algae fixed on the bottom of the water to die due to lack of sunlight; some algal bloom organisms will also release Toxins accumulate in fish and shellfish, and water birds or humans will be poisoned after eating these fish and shellfish; the algal bloom organisms themselves will decay and decompose after death, thereby consuming a large amount of oxygen in the water, thus causing it to explode completely The water area became a "stagnant pool". The ecological hazards of Enteromorpha
Although Enteromorpha is non-toxic, like red tides, mass-proliferating Enteromorpha can also block sunlight and affect the growth of seabed algae; dead Enteromorpha will also consume oxygen in seawater. ; Other studies have shown that chemicals secreted by Enteromorpha may also have adverse effects on other marine organisms. The outbreak of Enteromorpha will also seriously affect the landscape and interfere with tourism and water sports. This is the biggest negative impact that people are trying to eliminate this time. Therefore, foreign countries have called the outbreak of large green algae such as Enteromorpha "green tide" and regarded it as a marine disaster like red tide. In order to appease people's hearts, some experts said that the Enteromorpha Enteromorpha outbreak has no negative impact, which is strictly speaking incorrect.
Fortunately, it is relatively easy to control the outbreak of Enteromorpha. As long as you continue to salvage the green tide, the green tide will naturally subside when the nutrients in the water are almost consumed. In contrast, red tide control is much more difficult. Because of this benefit, scientists hope that large green algae can multiply and suppress the occurrence of red tides. As long as some of them can be salvaged in time before the green tide breaks out. Of course, the most effective way to control it is to prevent seawater from eutrophication and fundamentally cut off the human factors that cause red tides or green tides? However, this is a major difficulty in environmental protection work.
Since mid-June 2008, a large amount of Enteromorpha has drifted from the central waters of the Yellow Sea to the waters near Qingdao. The offshore waters and coasts of Qingdao have encountered a sudden and unprecedented natural disaster of Enteromorpha. Qingdao is the venue for the 2008 Summer Olympics sailing competition. Enteromorpha once affected sailing athletes' training at sea. As of July 5, more than 400,000 tons of Enteromorpha have been cleared by Qingdao Sea and Land. By July 15, more than 1 million tons of Enteromorpha prolifera had been removed. The Qingdao Olympic sailing competition waters and the enteromorpha along the Qingdao coast have basically been cleaned up.
On May 28, 2011, the North Sea Forecast Center of the State Oceanic Administration discovered Enteromorpha Enteromorpha on the eastern coast of my country. At that time, a green tide of Enteromorpha Enteromorpha was discovered off the coast of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province (120?29?E-120?35?E, 33?52?N-34?20?N), covering an area of ??about 6.8 square kilometers and a distribution area of ??about 340 square kilometers. . Subsequently, the coverage area and distribution area of ??Enteromorpha green tide continued to expand, and drifted northward with the current and wind direction.
In July 2011, large areas of Enteromorpha entered the coastal waters of Shandong such as Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, and Rizhao. Thick Enteromorpha is accumulated on some beaches, and the bathing beaches look like prairie, which has a negative impact on coastal aquaculture and tourism. Since July 6, 2011, enteromorpha has appeared in varying degrees on the beaches of various bathing beaches along the coasts of Qingdao, Weihai, and Rizhao. Shandong coastal areas are organizing relevant departments to carry out enteromorpha salvage and cleanup work. According to on-site conditions, the scale of Enteromorpha along the coast today has increased significantly compared with the previous two days. Enteromorpha can be seen everywhere in the shallow sea, and most of the Enteromorpha has landed. Enteromorpha enteromorpha has landed in major bathhouses in Qingdao. Qingdao Bathhouse personnel have organized personnel and large equipment to clean up 24 hours a day, and they will clean up whenever enteromorpha enteromorpha comes ashore.
Judging from the situation in previous years, coastal tourism will be affected by the large-scale invasion of Enteromorpha Enteromorpha. If there is a large area of ??enteromorpha, tourists should try to avoid going into the water. Enteromorpha is harmful to the body to some extent. In response to questions from all walks of life about whether the subsidence of Enteromorpha will cause water pollution and cause secondary disasters, relevant Chinese marine experts said that there is no evidence to prove that the settlement of Enteromorpha will cause pollution and will not cause secondary disasters in Qingdao's coastal waters. .
In July 2012, in Qingdao, Shandong Province, enteromorpha enteromorpha struck again. There are patches of Enteromorpha prolifera on both sides of the trestle, just like a meadow. On the 10th, Qingdao Municipal Public Utilities Bureau launched an emergency plan for the disposal of Enteromorpha and immediately moved into the temporary storage site of Enteromorpha.
Up to now, 161 trucks of Enteromorpha have been received, totaling 5,151 tons. Qingdao has experienced large-scale Enteromorpha enteromorpha landings for six consecutive years. Qingdao is also constantly improving its early warning mechanism and treatment methods, but unfortunately, the interception and management of the source of Enteromorpha is still an intractable "deadlock". [3] Enteromorpha invaded wildly, and Qingdao for the first time built a human wall and pulled a net to clear out the invasion.
June 2013
According to the comprehensive analysis results of the monitoring data of the North Sea Forecast Center of the National Oceanic Administration on June 14,
North latitude 35? 27? The Enteromorpha prolifera in the waters under Qingdao's jurisdiction to the north covers an area of ??38 square kilometers and is distributed over an area of ??6,727 square kilometers, reaching the disaster level IV early warning (blue) standard in the "Qingdao Municipal Marine Macroalgae Disaster Emergency Response Plan". Accordingly, Qingdao City has officially launched the Level IV emergency response procedure for the Enteromorpha Enteromorpha disaster on June 15.
July 2013
On July 3, 2013, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, affected by ocean currents and wind directions, the largest wave of Enteromorpha began on July 2. The sea drifts towards Qingdao. Early on the morning of the 3rd, Qingdao's coast was generally covered by a large area of ??Enteromorpha, and its severity was comparable to the first Enteromorpha disaster in 2008. It is understood that from the research, Enteromorpha was first formed off the coast of Jiangsu. As time goes by, it enters its peak period from June to August every year. At this time, it just floats to the Shandong Peninsula, and the terrain of the Shandong Peninsula just intercepts Enteromorpha. , causing disaster.
The district emergency headquarters launched an emergency plan and mobilized forces to prepare for war. The two marine Enteromorpha unloading points located at the Shazikou Central Fishing Port and the Maidao Pier have been put into use. Nearly a hundred fishing boats take turns to salvage and block the Enteromorpha every day.
On July 4, 2013,
Qingdao Lao Yin Jiahai participated in the factory and developed a method of using summer enteromorpha in the breeding pond to make winter sea cucumbers and abalone as winter food, which not only solved the problem It eliminates the danger of Enteromorpha prolifera invading breeding ponds and also solves the problem of feed for marine treasures in winter. Medicinal value of Enteromorpha
The fiber of Enteromorpha has the effect of detoxifying nicotine, which is good for smokers. Enteromorpha contains more iodine.
Enteromorpha Enteromorpha can be used for medicinal purposes. "Compendium of Materia Medica" describes Enteromorpha Enteromorpha: "Blow the nose after burning to stop epistaxis; soak it in the soup and pound it and apply it to the back of the hand for swelling and pain." ?A paper published by scientists in Osaka, Japan, in 1999 also believed that using enteromorpha extract in mice can significantly inhibit the progression of skin cancer. Research progress on Enteromorpha
In June 2010, Fudan University announced that the research team of Associate Professor Zhang Shicheng and Professor Chen Jianmin of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of the school had caused eutrophication of ocean water bodies to cause "green tide" of large seaweeds at sea. Enteromorpha Enteromorpha has been successfully converted into biomass oil, which is expected to make Enteromorpha, the main culprit of pollution, an excellent raw material for manufacturing new energy.
Under hydrothermal conditions of 220-320℃, bio-oil can be obtained from Enteromorpha prolifera in 10-30 minutes. One ton of Enteromorpha prolifera can produce 230 kilograms of bio-oil. It is worth mentioning that this kind of bio-oil can not only be directly burned as a low-grade fuel, but can also be further refined to obtain different levels of biomass liquid fuel or chemical products. At the same time, a water-soluble phase product mainly composed of acetic acid can be obtained, which can be used as Chemical raw materials.
Professor Tian Yuanyu from the Clean Energy Research Center of the School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shandong University of Science and Technology has carried out research on refining Enteromorpha Enteromorpha into bio-crude oil and developed a continuous and rapid hydrothermal system with pre-treatment of high water content biomass. Liquefaction technology for producing liquid fuel. Experimental results show that at 220℃-270℃, 1 ton of dry Enteromorpha can extract 300-350kg of bio-crude oil, 400kg of wood vinegar and 150kg of semi-coke. Biocrude oil can be separated and refined to produce gasoline and diesel suitable for automobile use. This technology for producing liquid fuel from highly aqueous biomass is suitable for all freshwater and seawater microalgae.
As of May 2013, Shandong University of Science and Technology has built a pilot plant for rapid pyrolysis of algae bio-oil with an annual processing capacity of 1,000 tons.
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