After the accusation began, the soldiers of this regiment burst into tears, which was earth-shattering At the appeal meeting, some people cried bitterly, and some people were foaming at the mouth and dying. The 2nd Battalion of the 472nd Regiment held a complaint meeting. At the first meeting, 3 1 people cried and fainted, and at the second meeting, 35 people fainted.
After the indictment meeting, some uprising soldiers cried for two or three days, and some even cried for a while. A soldier named He, after complaining, cried that he was crazy, lost his hearing and stopped eating. He turned a deaf ear to anyone who advised him. Later, it was discovered that Qin Si especially respected Chairman Mao, so he wrote him a note at dinner: "Chairman Mao invites you to dinner!" "When he sleeps at night, if he makes a scene, he will write him another note:" Chairman Mao told you to sleep. "As long as he saw Chairman Mao's name, he Qin Si was very obedient. Later, when He was approved by his superiors to join the People's Liberation Army, he was overjoyed and gradually returned to normal.
From "accounting" and "sarcasm" to "going home with thoughts"
The vigorous accusation movement of the uprising officers and soldiers completely tore open the "breakthrough" of transforming the old army. Subsequently, it was a "deep battle" of ideological transformation.
The first step of the accusation movement is to "pour out the bitter water". Next, it is "calculating the detailed account". Combined with the land reform movement near the station, the "exploitation account" is calculated first, and then the "political account" is calculated. The third step is to "dig the roots": the landlords in Yunnan exploit people, the landlords in Sichuan exploit people, and the landlords in Northeast China also exploit people. Why? The evil exploitation system is the "bitter root" of the working people!
Before the accusation movement, the officers and men of the uprising often argued endlessly about a series of issues such as "the passive anti-Japanese resistance of the Kuomintang" and "the inevitable demise of the Kuomintang reactionaries", and some even threatened to kill the learning activists during the debate. Once a torrent of tears and blood accused the previous debate to an abrupt end, almost instantly, and the vast number of uprising officers and soldiers and Kuomintang reactionaries were * * * innocent!
The officers and men of the uprising who were awakened only listened to the * * * production party, and no one could drag the uprising troops away except the * * * production party!
An uprising leader once said with emotion: "There are too many ways to transform ideas. Five thousand years and eighty thousand miles at home and abroad are unparalleled! "
According to the memories of the former officers of the 60 th Army Uprising of the Kuomintang who studied intensively in Northeast Military and Political University, the most intense ideological struggle at that time was the repentance movement, which was then called the "returning home" movement.
Breaking with my old self is an extremely painful process in my mental journey. Every student in the uprising should write an autobiography, telling his whole history, especially confessing what he did to the people in the civil war against * * * *, even if he picked a watermelon from the people, he should write everything down. Not only that, but also mercilessly expose the sins of others.
The policy of the "Go Home with Thoughts" movement is quite clear: in the ideological field, the * * * production party does not engage in "letting bygones be bygones", and whoever it is, it must be thoroughly liquidated from the ideological understanding. On this basis, no matter how big the historical crime is, as long as you take the initiative to confess, you will not be investigated.
The movement of "going home with thoughts" has different names in the uprising troops. When Haicheng Uprising transformed the Kuomintang184th Division, it was called "repentance movement". When transforming the 60 th Kuomintang Army of Changchun Uprising, it was called "class consciousness movement"; When Sichuan Uprising transformed the 7th Kuomintang Corps, it was called "a democratic movement to expose and criticize old ideas". When Liu, Deng Xihou and Pan Wenhua of Pengxian Uprising in Sichuan were reformed, it was called "Anti-immoral Movement".
The masses are angry, and nothing ugly or evil in the world can be concealed.
In the former Chiang Kai-shek clique of Hu Zongnan;
Ma XX, an officer of the 473rd Regiment, explained that when the Ministry retreated from Baoji in 1949, Hu Zongnan ordered the Baoji county government to demand 100 carts. After the county magistrate ordered, the tribal police went to the streets and intersections. When they saw the people's cart, they seized it and gave it to Ma Xx. Some car owners invite their horses to restaurants, play mahjong, take a bath and play with prostitutes in order to get their cars back. As a result, it cost a lot of money. Not only did you not want a big cart to come back, but all the drivers were incorporated into the army as private soldiers.
Fu XX, the intelligence staff officer of the 27th Division, confessed that when he was fighting in Shandong, he directly and indirectly shot, hacked and buried underground workers, officers and men of the People's Liberation Army and ordinary people, and killed four peasant association cadres.
At the beginning of the movement, some officers and men didn't care. When a veteran Youzi told his story of molesting and raping women and whoring, he enjoyed it, and all the soldiers involved in the discussion laughed.
The way to suppress this phenomenon is to complain: in the old society, how did your family, including your mother and sisters, suffer? In the old army, how did you bring disaster to the people yourself? This is not forgetfulness. What is this? Can all the bad things you do be blamed on the old army in the old society? Don't you have any responsibility? Are those prostitutes in Huajie Liuxiang really "voluntary"? No, that's a group of class sisters devastated by money and power!
Sure enough, after complaining and commenting, no one laughed anymore. Some uprising officers and soldiers even wept bitterly while reflecting, bit their fingers on the spot and wrote bloody books, saying that they must repent and turn over a new leaf.
The great energy of soul fission
Scientists bombard the uranium core with neutrons, which can split the uranium core in two, causing a chain reaction and releasing huge energy. The "great accusation of blood and tears" experienced by the officers and men of the uprising is the soul fission of millions of officers and men of the uprising in a historical moment.
There are various concrete forms to transform the rebel army. The Second Working Group of the Southwest Military Region of the People's Liberation Army of China organized the uprising officers and soldiers of the Seventh Corps of the Kuomintang to carry out the later appeal campaign, and also launched a vigorous "public sacrifice oath" activity, in which all the parents, brothers and sisters and other relatives who died tragically under the class oppression system swore to carry out the revolution to the end.
The "Public Sacrifice Oath" conference has been carefully and fully prepared in advance: setting up a mourning hall, placing wreaths, making blood debt charts, writing commemorative articles, elegiac couplets, swearing, posting slogans, and preparing filial flowers for all officers and men to wear. The content and form of the public sacrifice are submitted to the soldiers and the masses for discussion, and the soldiers and the masses are allowed to participate in the layout of the mourning hall. Some soldiers specially make spirit tablets and wreaths for their dead parents.
After the solemn "oath of public sacrifice", the uprising soldiers reflected one after another: "This" oath of public sacrifice "activity has taught us too much. In the old society, who cares if the poor died? Even the coffin board can't fit! Now, the producer of * * * has come to hold such a grand memorial service for our dead parents, brothers and sisters, which we never dreamed of! "
After the "public sacrifice oath" activity, the vast number of uprising officers and soldiers demanded to join the PLA to "make meritorious deeds and atone for sins." Of the 39 soldiers in the whole regiment 10239, 95 19 submitted their applications for joining the People's Liberation Army as soon as possible, of which 752 people wrote in their own blood, and 4546 people pressed their bloody fingerprints or signed their names on the applications.
The old is to build the new. While transforming, while building. After the accusation movement and the ideological return movement, the uprising troops carried out the unity education of officers and men, resolved contradictions, led the class hatred aroused by the accusation movement to the people's liberation struggle to overthrow the three mountains, and also carried out the education of war concepts and policy discipline. The uprising troops established a brand-new democratic system-the soldiers' committee system. On the basis of improving ideological awareness, the uprising troops established party organizations at all levels from top to bottom, and the ranks of party member developed rapidly, and the political work of the troops was also in full swing, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the troops.
Many years later, many uprising officers and soldiers recalled that instructors, instructors and political commissars were not only approachable, but also left a deep impression on them in reading, knowledge and thinking. In fact, most of these political cadres are not well educated, but they preach the enlightenment truth of equality between officers and men and unity between the army and the people, and give refreshing and unforgettable human rights enlightenment to those uprising officers and men with deep-rooted enslavement consciousness, thus realizing the complete awakening of numb souls.
The experience of reforming the old army with the accusation movement was widely popularized in the later period of the liberation war. After the Battle of Crossing the River, President Mao Zedong personally drafted a telegram and instructed the Central China Bureau: "Transform it according to the method of transformation and Wu."
Especially among the millions of Kuomintang uprising troops, the only field army that has been reorganized and preserved for a long time is the 50th Army of China People's Liberation Army. In the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the army was the first to go abroad and participated in the first, second, third and fourth battles, crossing the sea to seize the island and other battles, as well as the defense of the northwest coast of Korea. Among them, in the third battle, its 149 Division created two infantry battalions with explosive charges, explosive barrels and grenades, which annihilated the war miracle of a tank battalion of the 29th Brigade of the British Army, and its 442nd Regiment 1 Battalion took the lead in capturing Seoul. Subsequently, in the fourth battle, the army stubbornly persisted for 50 days and nights on the north and south sides of the Han River with extremely simple weapons and equipment and extremely difficult ammunition supply, successfully completed the campaign task of covering our main force to assemble in the central line and carry out counterattack, and won the praise of Chairman and Commander Peng. Peng, the general manager, once said: "With Peng here, the fifty armies will not be scattered, but mainly replacing new equipment!" In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, only the "Baiyun Mountain Regiment", namely the 447th Regiment of Chinese people's Volunteer Army 50th Army149th Division, was awarded the title by the Volunteer Headquarters.
The soul fission of millions of defected officers and soldiers in a moment of history is not only an unprecedented war spectacle and historical spectacle in the history of 5000 years of war, but also an unparalleled humanistic spectacle rooted in the land of China!
Among the officers and men of the uprising interviewed by the author:
-Yang Xiezhong, the main battalion commander of Changchun Uprising, became more and more unhappy at the beginning of the Uprising. After an unforgettable education, he joined the China * * * Production Party on May 28th, 1953. In his later years, when he was the executive vice president and secretary general of the Huangpu Alumni Association, when he heard a "Huangpu classmate" who had taught in a middle school in Kunming declare that "the best period in China was the early days of the Anti-Japanese War", he immediately retorted with confidence: "It depends on the people of the whole country, not a few people. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, of course, you were a landlord family and had a good life. Poor farm labourers live in difficult times, so you don't understand that your position has not changed to that of the masses! ..... I suggest you strengthen your study, reform your mind and stay with the people. "
—— When Zhao Linzhi, the second lieutenant of Haicheng Uprising, was dying of cancer, he described his lifelong pursuit of an ideal paradise in "Letter to Comrades": "Wherever I went, the scenery was beautiful and the birds were singing and the flowers were fragrant; Where I go, there is no class, let alone oppression; Wherever I go, there is no distinction between rich and poor, and everyone is equal; Wherever I go, I hold a democratic life meeting once a week to carry out criticism and self-criticism ... "
It is also in this spiritual home established after the soul fission that the vast number of uprising officers and soldiers realized the spiritual conversion to rebuild their life goals.