The origin of the surname - Teng

"Teng" can be traced back to its origin and has a long history. There are different opinions about the appearance of the word "Teng". When it comes to "Teng", it means "卍" in ancient times, as evidenced by the bronze inscriptions unearthed in Tengzhou. "Shuowen": "Teng, Tianqiye." "Cangjie Pian": "Chong, bank." They all refer to the field boundary. "Erya·Shibao": "Chong means empty." It is similar to the gully, pit and gorge of Huangchi. Because "Teng" and "卍" have the same pronunciation, ancient scriptures used "卍" as "Teng" to take the meaning of spring water. In fact, Teng should be regarded as the right one. The second theory is that the word "Teng" has not been found in oracle bone inscriptions. In the classics, "Teng" comes from water, and the bronze inscription is "?" from fire. "Continuation of Teng Zhi·Jin Shi Zhi" contains: The rubbing of the inscription on "Teng Hu Gui": "? The tiger dares to strike (author)..." and in 1978 in Zhuangli West (Village), Teng County (today's Jiang, Tengzhou) On the "Teng Gong Li" unearthed from Zhuangli West Village, Tun Town), there are seven inscriptions: "Wuzha (zuo)? (Teng) Gongbao? Yi." Or "?" should be the emblem of the Yihuo Tuteng clan. Because of the worship of the God of Fire, the power and glory of fire were taken as the symbol of his clan. Later, as generations settled and established the country, there were further developments in military, farming, and sacrificial utensils. Therefore, he inherited the ancestor's will and inscribed his surname on the clan. On the vessel, it is "?". Also, because the Guteng area is surrounded by mountains, lush grass and forests, and rich in water, it is suitable for clan people to settle. However, during the summer flood season, water from thousands of mountains in the east pours into it and floods it, making it unsuitable for clan tribes. If you can resist it, tell it to the heaven, earth, and gods, and it may evolve into "Teng". All versions of "Teng Zhi" all say: "Teng is named after the surging water. "

According to Xu Chen's cloud in "Guoyu·Jinyu": "The Yellow Emperor among the twenty-five sects, there are fourteen people with the surname, which are the twelve surnames." Among the twelve surnames is Teng. "Shandong "Tongzhi·Feudalism": "The tenth son of the Yellow Emperor Feng Teng. "Zhi Shu called it "Huang Di Teng". According to the records about Huang Di's "surname given by Xu Tu", it should be the earliest Teng clan. It is said that Huang Di was the leader of the clan alliance in the north of my country in ancient times. Later (about 5,000 years ago) Years ago), this tribal alliance went south to the Yellow River Basin and merged with the Yi people who originally lived in the east (or the Teng clan). They became the original tribe who settled in this area - Jingshui (now known as Chenghe). The ancestors of the society transitioned into a slave society, so there was a place called "Teng".

In the Yin Dynasty, there was Teng Bo, named Teng Jun, and Teng was the land of Fang Kingdom. "Suo Yin" says: "During the Yin Dynasty, there was a famous writer named Teng Bo, who was also a descendant of the Yellow Emperor and was Teng Jun. His lineage has not been verified. "According to "Bo" in ancient Chinese books, it is the name of the tribal chief, who is the chief in charge of a party. "Ciyuan" notes: "The governor of Yin is called Bo." This shows that today's Teng was once the territory of the ancient Teng tribe." "Xu Teng County Chronicles" says: "Teng, which was granted the title by the Yellow Emperor, was destroyed during the Tang Dynasty, Yao, Yu Shun, Xia and Yin Dynasties to the end of the Shang Dynasty. "But the details are not known, and there is no test now. What is said should reflect the historical fact that at the end of primitive society, in the tribal clan alliance headed by the Yellow Emperor, one tribe and clan lived with the surname Teng. The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons or The twenty-four sons do not necessarily mean that the Yellow Emperor himself had so many children, but it reflects that the patriarchal clan system had reached the period at that time. Every surname from the Yellow Emperor only refers to a tribal clan under the leadership of the Yellow Emperor. , “In the early days of the emergence of the slave state in our country’s history, Teng already existed as a country. "

Teng in the Zhou Dynasty: Regarding the initial enfeoffment of the Teng Kingdom, there are clear records in the literature: "Shiben": "Cuo Shuxiu, Prince Wen" ("Hanshu Geography") is quoted by the ancients. "Uncle Cuosu embroidered Teng" "Genealogy": "Teng, Ji's surname. After Prince Wen embroidered his uncle, King Wu granted him the title of living in Teng. This is Gongqiu County, Pei County. ""Ben Shi" (edited by Qin Jiamo) said: "The Teng family, after Teng Hou, the fourteenth son of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, the descendants take the country as their surname". Yan Shigu's note in "Hanshu Geography" says: ""Xi Ben" "It also says 'Cuo Shuxiu, Prince Wen'". According to these documents, it can be seen that the first person to be granted the title of Teng Kingdom in the Zhou Dynasty was Cuo Shuxiu. He was the son of King Wen and was granted the title of Teng by King Wu. This is the Teng of the Zhou Dynasty.

According to "Zuo Zhuan", the territory of Teng State is said to be "Fifty miles long to make up for shortcomings." "Mencius: King Hui of Liang": "Teng is a small country, between Qi and Chu." "According to the preface of "The Seventh Period of Yu Gong: An Examination of Territorial Changes in the Warring States Period" (continued): "Teng was in the southwest of today's Teng County, bounded by Ni to the east, Zou (Zou) to the north, and Lu to the south and west.

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Due to the lack of documentary records about the development of the Teng State, little is known about the history of the Teng State in the Western Zhou Dynasty except for the first title of Teng. However, judging from archaeological materials, the culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty At least 64 ruins have been discovered in Teng. These ruins reflect the dense population of residents in Teng during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Archaeologists have collected bronze tripods, stone axes, stone sickles, pottery Li, beans and other utensils from these ruins. A number of important artifacts were unearthed from an early Western Zhou Dynasty to the west of Zhuangli Village in Jiangtun Town. This proves that Teng’s bronze-making skills were very high, and they were probably made locally. Cast. If this is the case, it is enough to show that the copper smelting industry in Teng was at a high level at that time. If the king of Teng ordered it from other places, then Teng would also have to pay a large amount of value as compensation. The tomb also contained jade articles and agate beads, indicating that the jade-making handicraft industry reached a certain level at that time. These important funerary objects reflect the relatively prosperous economic development of the Teng State. It seems that the economic development of the Guteng area was quite advanced. During the Shang Dynasty, the economic level of Teng was the same as that of the Central Plains region. A bronze tripod found in the Hongxu Shang tomb was the same as that of the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains region. Of course, the casting location may be outside Teng County. If it was made in Tengdi, it means that the copper casting industry in Tengdi had reached the same level as that in the Central Plains area. If it was cast in the Central Plains area, it means that it was Shang Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Teng's handicraft industry had a very dense population and a relatively developed economy. The country's economic development level is quite high, and its socio-economic development is on par with that of the Central Plains region.