Basic introduction Chinese name: henrik ibsen mbth: henrik ibsen Nationality: Norway Birthplace: Norway skeen Date of birth: 1828 Date of death:1May 23, 906 Occupation: dramatist, poet Major achievements: outstanding representative of modern realistic drama in Europe.
He has created some representative works with doubtful thoughts: Mrs. Inger of Esterro, Bill INT, Bill Gint, Life of Characters, Major Achievements, Comments on Characters, List of Works, Norwegian dramatist henrik ibsen (henrik ibsen,1828–1. His choice of writing theme, innovative writing skills and structural treatment made him a pioneer of modern drama. Ibsen provided a new stimulating method for investigating social and psychological problems, and broke away from the writing tradition of19th century and began to write in vernacular prose. He served as a drama director for a long time, and lived in Rome and other places for a long time after the outbreak of the Prussian War in Denmark in 1864. Henrik ibsen From 65438 to 0850, Ibsen went to Kristiania (present-day Oslo) to take the entrance examination for medical universities, but he was not admitted because of his poor performance in Greek, mathematics and Latin. Encouraged by the torrent of bourgeois revolution sweeping Europe, Ibsen made some friends with progressive ideological tendencies in the literary and art circles, actively contributed to the Journal of Workers' Association, participated in the workers' movement led by Norwegian socialist Malcus Trane, and published the satirical weekly Andrimana in cooperation with two friends. He also wrote a set of sonnets entitled "Wake Up, Scandinavians", calling on Norway and Sweden to send troops to support Denmark and fight against the Prussian invaders. In his first historical drama, Katrina (1850), he turned over an old case and turned a "traitor" in Roman history into an outstanding figure fighting for civil liberties. The script not only embodies the revolution of 1848, but also shows his personal rebellious spirit. This play was published by a friend of his. 185 1 autumn, he wrote a prelude for Bergen theatre, which was praised by ole bull, the founder and famous violinist of the theatre. He was hired as a boarding playwright and director and agreed to write a new play every year. 1852, he was sent to Denmark and Germany to visit the theater. His plays in Bergen Theatre include A Midsummer Night (1853), Tomb of the Warriors (1854), Madame Inge of Esterro (1855) and Banquet of Solhaug (1856). During this period, Ibsen participated in no less than 145 scripts. His practical experience in drama creation can be compared with Shakespeare and Moliere. Henrik ibsen 1857, Ibsen was transferred to the Capital Theatre as a director. Married susana torre Sen the following year. 1862, the theater closed down, and he had to borrow money to live, but he still worked tirelessly. In this theater, he successively wrote The Pirates of Hellgren (1858), Romantic Comedy (1862) and The Man Who Wants the Throne (1863). He felt sad that romantic comedies that advocated free love and opposed old-fashioned marriage were viciously attacked by social conservative forces. At the same time, the war between Denmark and Prussia in 1864 made him worry about the independent future of the whole peninsula. So he decided to travel abroad. This year, he left Norway for Italy; Living in a foreign land, suffering from malaria, and tired of his family, he was heavily in debt and his life was extremely embarrassing. With despair, he wrote a poetic drama brand (1866), which was his first creative achievement when he lived abroad. Later, he wrote Bill International (an old translation by Bill Gunter, 1867). Both of these plays show the theme of "personal spiritual rebellion". Through Brand, he condemned the ugly reality of capitalist society, denounced religious morality, and put forward his own moral ideal, angrily advocated spiritual extreme individualism, showing an uncompromising spirit: "Get everything or nothing." 1864 Ibsen lived in Rome, Dresden and Munich for 27 years. 1873, he wrote The Emperor and Galileans, in which he put forward the concept of "the third realm" to communicate emotion and spirit. 1874 and 1885, he went back to Norway twice for a short stay. A doll's house (1879), and also translated Nora or puppet family. The heroine Nora forged her father's signature to lend money to her husband Haier Mao for treatment. When the husband knew what had happened, he was afraid that his reputation would be affected and took it out on his wife. When the creditor voluntarily returned the IOUs under the influence of Nora's girlfriend, Haier Mao smiled at his wife. Nora saw through her husband's selfishness and the inequality between husband and wife, unwilling to be her husband's doll, and ran away angrily. Engels once pointed out that Nora was the representative of "Norwegian petty-bourgeois women" with free will and independent spirit. The script puts forward some problems in capitalist society, such as ethics, law and religion, women's liberation, etc., but they are not and cannot be solved. After the performance of A Doll's House, it caused a fierce response. Nora's resolute attitude of liberating her personality and not being a "good wife and mother" was criticized and accused by the upper class. However, in the face of criticism, Ibsen did not flinch. He continued to create problem dramas to expose social problems. 189 1 year, Ibsen returned to the motherland as a famous writer. His later works, The Architect (1892) and When We Wake Up After Death (1899), are autobiographical works. 1900 Chinese stroke. He died on1May 23, 906 after a long illness. The Norwegian parliament and people from all walks of life held a state funeral for him. The main achievement Ibsen is an outstanding representative of modern realistic drama in Europe. His outstanding contribution is that he held high the banner of realism and democracy and created a doubtful thought in the era when European realistic drama declined and naturalism and decadent literature were rampant. A type of "social drama" with the basic artistic characteristics of debating dialogue and reviewing skills. His creative practice and social influence can also be compared with Shakespeare, Moliere and other drama masters. He wrote 25 plays in different styles. According to his ideological development, it can be divided into three stages: in the fifties and sixties, he mainly wrote romantic historical dramas full of patriotism and personal "spiritual rebellion"; In the 1970s and 1980s, he mainly wrote "social dramas" that criticized social ugliness and advocated individual liberation. After 1980s, he mainly created exploration dramas with mysterious and symbolic spirit. Henrik ibsen Ibsen's works were translated into China from 1907. It has been playing an active role in China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle or socialist revolution and socialist construction. This character critic pointed out in Ibsen, a great dramatist in the world: "The western world is developing at a high speed, but time is like a rusty clock to China, rotting in stagnation! For example, "In the Yuan Dynasty, horns rang and executioners lined up to cross the street. A young woman who suffered unfair treatment was taken to the execution ground. Many kind people lamented the woman's tragic fate. Aunt Liu from the street pub told Guan Hanqing about the unfortunate experience and tragic life experience of Zhu Xiaolan, a female prisoner. Zhu Xiaolan's tragedy aroused Guan Hanqing's infinite sympathy for this weak woman and great indignation at the official government's disregard for human life (citing online information-citing Jiang Fang's blog). Guan Hanqing lived between 1240- 13 10, and Ibsen was an outstanding Norwegian playwright and poet, born in Fu Yi. He left Universal Library with 25 colorful plays and rich poems, letters and literary essays. ), but he lives between 1828 ~ 1906. His masterpiece A Doll's House can be as famous as Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan. In the intellectual structure of old China, few people knew Ibsen, except for the ancient Greek tragedy, only Dou E Yuan. "Writing is to sit down and judge yourself", which Ibsen wrote on the title page of his works, is as profound as his plays and is the epitome of an era. Living in the19th century, he is known as the "father of modern drama". This Nordic cultural giant, with socialized philosophical thoughts and rich outlook on life, reflected that specific era in Norway. "Nora" in Ibsen's works (Nora's Runaway) is the product of the influence of Marxism or socialist feminist movement, or at least reflects that women in that era demanded economic liberation, striving for education and legislative rights and striving for equality with men. There is no doubt that Ibsen's works have the shadow of the feminist movement. If Yan Fu's liberalism based solely on British liberalism maintained the basic reliability of his theory, Hu Shi explained liberalism with Ibsen's doctrine. Because of the New Culture Movement, Hu Shi published a theoretical article about the literary revolution, and created a special issue of "easy to jump into life" in New Youth, advocating women's liberation and providing a sharp ideological weapon for that ideological liberation movement. I'm afraid the same was true of some socialists in China in the 1920s and 40s. Ibsen once said: "Artists use life to cast life and soul to cast soul. When he finished a work, he left a part of life in the original work and became a perceptual life. "Yes, the instinct in human bones determines the tendency to yield to the group. A writer's pen must go against the wishes of most people, not to echo others' opinions, but to highlight the individual's nature of fighting for freedom. Therefore, Ibsen deserves to be called a "great question mark". Pagent is a classic of the famous Norwegian playwright I Fu Sheng. Norwegian composer Edward Hager Up Grieg (1843- 1907) used Norwegian folk music, and based on Yi Shusheng's poetic drama of the same name, he created the poetic drama "The First Suite of Per Gunter" and "The Second Suite of Per Gunter" with distinctive national colors. As Ibsen said to a German reader who couldn't understand his plays, "If you want to fully understand me, you must first understand Norway." His works in his later years are a portrayal of his life. Ibsen, how awesome! . The father of modern drama, Skies, a small town south of Oslo, Norway, is a city that has preserved the medieval architecture of Northern Europe. In the city, the cathedral with towering towers and magnificent momentum is even more amazing. One day, when a beautiful child with curly hair passed by the church, he suddenly clamored to accompany his maid to take him to the tower to see the scenery. The children clapped their hands and cheered excitedly when they saw their house, cars and horses in the square and pedestrians the size of toys from high altitude. At this moment, his feeling of seeing the world from high altitude seems to have affected the child's life. Decades later, this boy named Ibsen became a famous playwright. He wrote several dramas with compact plots, which vividly reflected the social reality problems with the characters' experiences, analyzed the hypocrisy and evil in the world, and broke through the tradition of taking historical legends and stories as the theme for many years, which not only shocked Norway, but also influenced Europe and America. These plays profoundly expose the false, the evil and the ugly, as he said in Poems on the Plateau: "I look at people from a height and see their true colors …"1874 In the summer of Copenhagen, henrik ibsen, Ibsen, who wrote many plays, chatted with his friend Laura, who told him that she had to pay her husband's medical expenses because she couldn't raise money at the moment. She never imagined that her husband refused to forgive her helpless behavior after learning about it. Her family broke up. This man is too narrow-minded. Ibsen thought so at that time, but he remembered the novel "Professional Daughters" written by Norwegian woman writer Colette the other day, which revealed women's struggle for freedom and liberation ... Four years later, Ibsen, who temporarily lived in Rome, began to write down his thoughts with a pen. It was an article entitled "Notes on Modern Tragedy": "There are two spiritual laws in the world, two. One is for men, and the other is for women ... This society is purely patriarchal, and all laws are made by men ... "He put down his pen and thought of the present family. Almost as in feudal times, women have no independent personality and are still men's dolls. Ibsen thinks. Another year later, he wrote the play A Doll's House. Two weeks after its publication, A Doll's House premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark. When the curtain was opened, the audience saw the home of Haier Mao, the manager of Oslo Bank. It's almost Christmas, how warm this home is, and the Christmas tree is back. Haier Mao enthusiastically called his wife Nora "little baby" and "little pigeon". He loves his wife and never goes out to have sex, drink or make trouble. Nora seems happy, too. She has been married for eight years and has become the mother of three children. A few years ago, because Haier Mao was ill and going to recuperate, Nora had no money to pay, so she had to carry Haier Mao's fake father's signature and borrow money from the bank to send her husband to see a doctor. Over the years, she has saved money to pay her debts. At present, Helmut, who has been promoted to manager, is ready to fire employee krogh Stein. Krogh Stein is an insider of Nora's fake loan. He didn't want to lose his job, so he wrote to Helmut and threatened him. Helmut was furious with Nora after reading the letter. When Krogstad was persuaded and wrote that he would never mention it again, Helmut made out with Nora again. These twists and turns let Nora finally see the hypocritical nature of her husband Haier Mao and understand that she is just Haier Mao's doll and pastime at home. She left the house angrily. The image of A Doll's House vividly criticizes bourgeois philistinism and hypocrisy, and exposes the oppression of women in a patriarchal society. Its performance caused an uproar. "This drama encourages women to leave alone regardless of their families, husbands and daughters. It's simply immoral ... ""The ending of this play should be changed to Nora's idea of giving up running away ... "All these remarks that use" morality "to deny the meaning of a doll's house put Ibsen under great pressure. However, Ibsen insisted on his own position and continued to write plays such as Ghosts and Public Enemies, using his works to counter the vicious attacks of hypocrites in moral cloaks. In Public Enemy, Dr. Stockman, an official and gentleman who insisted on exposing the truth of toxic water pollution and was declared as "public enemy" for trying to cover up the truth and create false prosperity, said loudly on the stage: "Do I want public opinion, these majorities and these monsters to defeat me? Sorry, I can't! " "People who cheat for a living should be eliminated like pests!" These lines are Ibsen's voice. At the end of the dollhouse, where did Nora go after she left? This is a question mark. At the end of "Public Enemy", Dr. Stockman who insists on the truth becomes a lonely minority. Not only did he lose his job, but also his daughter and his sympathetic friends lost their jobs. What will he do in the future? It is also a question mark. Ibsen's plays expose reality, do not follow the old routine of traditional drama, and solve problems in the plot, but ask questions and stimulate the audience to think. Therefore, he is called "the great question mark". Ibsen also injected his thoughts on the meaning of life into some plays based on historical stories and folklore. In "Pearl Gold", he wrote about the experience of a young man who was full of fantasy and lazy all day. Pearl Ghent met a demon, later became rich by selling slaves, did many bad things, and finally went bankrupt and returned to his hometown. When Pearl Gold premiered, the audience saw that the play was drawing to a close, and Pearl Gold on the stage was peeling an onion. He peeled off one layer after another, peeled off all the skins, and found nothing. Ibsen highlights the philosophy of the whole play through this highly symbolic plot: those who seek life selfishly and arbitrarily have nothing in the end. Ibsen died in Oslo at the age of 78. His plays "A Doll's House" and "Public Enemy" have become classic works on the stage of drama all over the world. His works had a profound influence on European and American dramas from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, so he was called "the father of modern drama". Ibsen became popular with Ibsen's works. When his life became more and more moist, he was even more reluctant to contact his family, because they were all people who needed his help. He has not contacted his poor father for 40 years. He has a lame brother who lives in extreme poverty, but he has never helped him. Another brother used to be a sailor, a shopkeeper and a lighthouse keeper. He struggled to support his old father on a meager income, but he never got Ibsen's help. His family died miserably in poverty. 1846, 18-year-old Ibsen worked in a drugstore, had an affair with Sophie Kinstadt, a maid who was 10 years older than him, and gave birth to a boy Jacob. Ibsen never asked about their life, nor did he pay the living expenses until Sophie Kinstadt died sadly after she lost her sight. Jacob lived a poor life. This illegitimate child, who looks like Ibsen, asked his father for help when life was really unbearable. Ibsen was stunned by this "identical" person in front of him, and he had to admit that this was his own child. Ibsen took out five crowns and threw them to Jacob. He said to him, "This is for your mother. It's enough for you! " "Since then, the father and son have never met again. Ibsen invested more than two-thirds of his wealth and lived a very frugal life. When his son Sigurd asked him why, Ibsen's answer was simple and direct: "Sleeping well and eating badly is better than eating well and sleeping badly. "Sigurd compared the marriage between Ibsen and his mother to a cooperative relationship at work, and never cared about it with emotion. Works list Catilina, 1850 Kj? mpeh？ Jen, 1850 Norma,1851Sancthansnatten, 1852 Sulhaug's banquet, Mrs. Inger of Gildet paa Solhoug, 1854 Lott, Oest, Fru Inger til? Steraad, 1857 Olaf Liljekrans, 1857 Hellgren pirates, H? rm？ ndene paa Helgeland， 1858 Kj？ Rlighedens Komedie， 1862 Kongs-Emnerne， 1864 Fire，Brand， 1866 Per Gunter，Peer Gynt， 1867 Youth League，De unges Forbund， 1869 Digte。 Eh, 1873 social pillar, Sanfeng Street? Tter, 1877 Doll's House, Et dukkehjem 1879 Ghost, Gengange,188/public enemy, En Folkefiende, 1882 Wild Duck, Vildanden,/kloc-0. Ro *** ersholm, 1886 Mrs. Hai, Fruen fra Havet, 654333r vi d? De v? gner， 1899