First, the meaning and characteristics of electronic payment
Complete e-commerce refers to e-commerce in which all links of transactions are conducted in the form of electronic information. Not only the conclusion of the contract is in the form of information, but also the performance of the contract is in the form of information. Of course, it includes payment in the form of information, which is the problem of electronic payment. However, incomplete e-commerce refers to business activities conducted partly through electronic technology. It can be online contract, online payment or online delivery. If it is online payment, it involves the issue of electronic payment.
Simply put, payment is to transfer the entity of cash from the sender to the payee. The so-called electronic payment, also known as "online payment", refers to a payment method with real-time payment effect by loading electronic data with specific information as a means to replace traditional payment tools for capital flow.
Electronic payment has the following characteristics:
1. Electronic payment is a way of contract performance.
Payment to creditors is an important part of contract performance. There are many ways to pay money, and electronic payment is one of them, which is the product of the development of electronic technology. 2. Electronic payment is a new form of financial services.
Electronic payment is the financial electronic expression of the intermediary function of bank credit, including electronic settlement means based on e-commerce provided by commercial banks as the main body. Financial transactions such as checks and bills are paperless. 3. Electronic payment is technical.
Electronic payment uses advanced technology to complete information transmission through electronic data stream, and various payment methods are digital for monetary payment. Therefore, the technicality of electronic payment is the basic feature that distinguishes electronic payment from traditional payment methods. Second, the electronic payment method
Due to the differences and mutual combination of transmission networks, transmission protocols and payment procedures, various electronic payment tools have been derived in practice.
(1) Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT).
Electronic fund transfer (EFT) is the main way of electronic payment in BtoB. Electronic funds transfer is mostly credit transfer, that is, the debtor, as the initiator, sends a payment instruction to its agent bank, and the initiator's agent bank sends a payment instruction through the intermediary bank or directly to the beneficiary's agent bank until the money finally reaches the beneficiary.
At most, five parties can participate in electronic fund transfer: 1, transferor or initiator 2, initiator's agent bank 3, payee or beneficiary 4, beneficiary's agent bank 5, and other banks participating in electronic fund transfer, which are called intermediary banks. Among them, the party issuing the payment instruction is collectively referred to as the sender, and the other party receiving the instruction is collectively referred to as the receiver.
Electronic fund transfer has the characteristics of no cause. No matter whether the legal relationship is established or not, it will become legally effective once the bank operates according to the instructions input by the customer in the normal procedure. The initiating institution shall not ask the bank to cancel the completed payment on the grounds that its payment instruction is wrong or the payment reason is illegal.
(2) Electronic check
Electronic check (E-check) is a form of electronic payment, which uses the advantages of paper check transfer payment to transfer funds from one account to another through digital network transmission. The payment of this electronic check is connected with merchants and banks.
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Most passwords transmitted on the network use public keyword encryption signatures or personal identification passwords (PIN) instead of handwritten signatures. The transaction cost of electronic check payment is lower, and banks can also provide standardized fund information for businesses participating in e-commerce.
Electronic check payment is the main direction of e-commerce development in the future. With the development of e-commerce, commercial settlement will gradually transition to the Internet, that is, electronic fund transfer or online banking services will be adopted. (3) Credit card-based system.
The basic practice of this electronic payment method is to send credit card numbers through private networks or the Internet to conduct transactions. The cardholder encrypts the message with a digital signature, and sends the message itself, the digital signature and the electronic certificate to the merchant after being authenticated by the CA certification body. It is divided into the following forms: (1) account direct transfer mode. That is, the customer encrypts the credit card number information after online shopping and transmits it directly to the merchant. (2) Special account method. (3) Special protocol mode. Commonly used protocols include SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol, SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) protocol, Netbill protocol and so on.
(4) Electronic cash or digital currency (Electronic Cash/Digi for Money) is a currency circulating in the form of data. It converts the cash value into a series of encrypted serial numbers, which represent the market value of various amounts in reality. Users can use it in the business of accepting electronic cash after opening an account in a bank that conducts electronic cash business and depositing money in the account.
Electronic cash is widely used, flexible, anonymous, fast and simple, and can be used without direct connection with banks, which is suitable for small transactions. Its main advantage is that it can improve efficiency and is convenient for users to use. According to the different requirements of supporting electronic cash at present, electronic cash can be divided into two categories: 1. Smart card.
The most common ones are all kinds of IC cards we use every day. 2. Electronic wallet
E-wallet is an electronic cash payment method that only needs software support.
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