In the summer of 1972, Ding Zhaozhong experimental group used the 3.3× 10 10eV proton accelerator of Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States to search for long-lived hitting particles with the mass between (1.5 ~ 5.5 )× 109EV.
1974, they discovered a long-lived hit particle, whose mass is about three times that of protons (3. 1× 109eV). When publishing this discovery publicly, Ding Zhaozhong named this new particle J. The shapes of J and D are similar, which means that this particle was discovered in China. At the same time, American B. richter also discovered this kind of particle and named it ψ particle. Later (1975), people called this kind of particle J/ψ particle. J/ψ particles have peculiar properties, and their life span is 5000 times longer than expected. This shows that it has a new internal structure, which cannot be explained by the known three-flavor quarks at that time, and it needs to be explained by introducing the fourth quark-charm quark. The discovery of J/ψ particles greatly promoted the development of particle physics. For this reason, Ding Zhaozhong and Li Xite both won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Today, the role of science is becoming more and more important, but scientific inventions have also caused great harm to mankind, such as the invention of the atomic bomb, the sharp deterioration of the human environment, such as the imbalance of the earth's ecology, and so on. So many people began to complain about science, thinking that these were all caused by scientific development.
That's why you asked!
As a graduate student majoring in philosophy of science and technology, I will give you a brief analysis of this problem here.
Dialectist wisdom elves believe that human beings, as intelligent creatures, have two sides, or dialectical higher animals. As the creation of human consciousness, science also has two sides, so science is a double-edged sword. When we are enjoying its superb and wonderful, it may inevitably bring us a negative side. The key is that we human beings should use our wisdom and reason to identify and eliminate these unfavorable factors and only admire and carry forward its positive side.
If we give up the pursuit of science because of some negative effects of science, it will definitely outweigh the benefits. We may not only return to the primitive society, but also lose the reason why we are human. Then we will be at a loss and ignorant.
The existence of war is not the result of science, but the result of human survival competition; The invention of the atomic bomb is not a scientific purpose, but an accessory of human energy development. It's just that we humans have multiplied and expanded it because of our interests, and eventually it has become an insurmountable source of danger for ourselves.
My friend, no matter what you object to, you shouldn't object to science, because you are enjoying all the convenience it brings us. Only when we humans truly realize the beauty and perfection, Excellence and harmony of science can we use our reason to get rid of its negative effects-including the environmental degradation that human beings are facing now.
In a word, science can serve the survival and development of mankind, and any pseudoscience "anti-science" is not in the interests of mankind itself. The key to treating science is to look at attitude. Everything has two sides, but you can't give up eating because of choking.
Example:
It is not difficult to suppress cancer.
At the recent academic conference on environment and cancer of Shanghai Science and Technology Forum in 2000, Shen, president of Shanghai Anti-cancer Association, and other famous experts at home and abroad pointed out that cancer can be suppressed as long as we start with improving the environment and changing unhealthy lifestyles.
Experts pointed out that although the cause of tumor is still unclear, scholars at home and abroad believe that 80-90% of the cause is related to environmental factors and is the result of the joint action of many factors. Among them, 35%-40% of cancers are related to unscientific and unreasonable diet, such as food pollution, and the lack, excess or imbalance of certain nutrients are related to the occurrence of tumors. In addition, 30% of cancers are caused by smoking, passive smoking can increase the incidence of lung cancer by 26%, and 5% of cancers are related to drinking.
Ceramics can be burned by microwave.
Japanese scientific research institutions have developed a new technology of microwave firing ceramics, which can shorten the firing time and thus reduce energy consumption.
According to the information provided by Gifu Ceramic Research Institute, which participated in the development of this technology, the characteristic of the new technology is that the ceramic body absorbs the microwave with the frequency of 2.45 MHz, and then it is fired into ceramic products by the heat emitted by itself. The special furnace using this method has been successfully developed, and the furnace wall is of double-layer structure, consisting of wave-absorbing ceramics and heat insulation materials. (All according to Xinhua News Agency)
1. Cloning Technology and Genetic Breeding
In agriculture, people have cultivated a large number of high-quality and high-yield varieties with drought resistance, lodging resistance and pest resistance by using "cloning" technology, which has greatly increased grain output. In this regard, China has entered the forefront of the world's most advanced.
2. Cloning technology and protection of endangered species
Cloning technology is a gospel for protecting species, especially rare and endangered species, and has great application prospects. From a biological point of view, this is also one of the most valuable places of cloning technology.
3. Cloning technology and medicine
At present, doctors can transplant almost all human organs and tissues. But as far as science and technology are concerned, rejection in organ transplantation is still the most troublesome. The reason of rejection is poor compatibility due to tissue mismatch. If the organs of "clones" are provided to "hominids" for organ transplantation, there is no need to worry about rejection at all, because the genes and tissues of the two are matched. The question is, is it humane to use "clones" as organ donors? Is it legal? Is it economical?
Cloning technology can also be used to multiply valuable genes. For example, in medicine, people produce insulin to treat diabetes, growth hormone to make dwarfism patients grow taller again, fibrinolytic enzyme to resist various virus infections and so on through "cloning" technology.