Number 35. Both parents are Jewish. My father's name is Herman Einstein and my mother is Pauline Kirk.
1880 Einstein's family moved to Munich. Father and his brother Jacob jointly set up a small electrical equipment factory.
188 1 year1month 18, Einstein's sister Maya was born. 1884 Einstein in his pocket
Compass charm. Go to Catholic primary school.
Einstein began to learn the violin on 1885.
1886 Einstein studied at Munich public school. In order to comply with the legal requirements of religious instructions, at home
Learn the rules of Judaism.
1888 Einstein entered Louis Polder High School. Continue to receive religious education at school until you are ready.
Accept the rite of passage. Friedman is the instructor. 65438-0889, studying popular science under the guidance of medical college student Talme.
Read books and philosophical works.
1890 Einstein's religious time lasted about 1 year. 189 1 year self-study Euclidean geometry, feeling
To crazy love. Began to teach himself advanced mathematics.
1892 began to read Kant's works.
1894 The whole family moved to Milan, Italy.
1895 self-study calculus. I went to Italy to reunite with my family before graduating from high school. Give up German citizenship.
He was admitted to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, but he was not admitted.
/kloc-transferred to Arau State Middle School in Switzerland on June 0.
Wrote the first scientific paper.
1896 obtained the graduation certificate of Arau Middle School.
10 entered the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Normal University to study physics. 1897 met Bezo in Zurich.
Lifelong friendship begins from now on.
18991June 19 formally applied for Swiss citizenship.
1900 graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland in August. In February 65438, the paper "Obtained by Capillary Phenomenon" was completed.
Inference, published in Leipzig's Journal of Physics the following year.
190 1 obtained Swiss nationality on March 2 1.
I went to Milan to look for a job in March, but there was no result.
I returned to Switzerland in May and worked as a substitute teacher in winterthur Middle School Technical School. June, 65438 to 10, worked as a tutor in Schaaffhausen. three
Unemployed again a month later. In February 65438, he applied to work in the Swiss Patent Office in Bern.
From May to July, the paper on the thermodynamic theory of potential difference was completed.
1902 went to Bern in February to wait for work.
Habicht founded Olympia College.
In June, he was hired as a trial technician at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In June, I finished my third paper, About Thermal Balance and Sum.
The motion theory of the second law of thermodynamics puts forward the statistical theory of thermodynamics.
Father died in June 5438+00.
1903 65438+ 10 married mileva.
1904 The eldest son Hans was born in May.
In September, the trainee of the patent office turned into a formal third-level technician. 1March 905, quantum theory was developed and light was put forward.
Quantum hypothesis solves the problem of photoelectric effect. In April, he submitted a paper entitled "A New Method for Determining Molecular Size" to the University of Zurich.
Get a doctorate.
In May, he completed the paper "On Electrodynamics of Moving Objects", put forward the principle of special relativity independently and completely, and initiated physics.
A new era.
In September, it was proposed that mass and energy are quite related.
1906 was promoted to the second-class technician of the patent office in April.
165438+ 10, the paper on specific heat of solids was completed, which is the first paper on solid quantum theory.
1907 began to study the theory of gravitational field, which was put forward in the article on duality principle and its conclusions.
Equivalence principle of uniform gravity field and uniform acceleration. In June, he applied to be a part-time lecturer at the University of Bern.
1908 10 is a part-time lecturer at the University of Bern. Two papers were completed in March 1909 and 10/0.
Every article contains speculation about the theory of blackbody radiation.
In July, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Geneva.
In September, I attended the 8th1general meeting of the German Association of Natural Scientists held in Salzburg, and met with Planck and others. , and made a speech "We are about"
The essence of radiation and the development of conclusion.
10 left the Berne patent office and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich.
19 10 The second son Edward was born in July.
The paper on critical opalescence was completed in June 5438+10.
19 1 1 visited Leiden at the invitation of Lorenz in February.
In March, he became a professor of theoretical physics at the German University in Prague.
10 went to Brussels to attend the first Solvay conference.
1965438+ Erenfest visited in February 2002, and they became best friends. /kloc-returned to Switzerland in June 0 and became his alma mater, Sue.
Professor of theoretical physics, Federal Institute of Technology, Richmond.
The photochemical equivalence law is put forward.
Started exploring general relativity with Grossman.
1965438+In July 2003, Planck and Nernst visited and hired him as the director of Berlin and the Royal William Institute of Physics in Berlin.
University professor.
65438+accepted the post of academician in Berlin on February 7.
Published the paper "Outline of General Relativity and Gravity Theory" co-authored with Grossman, and put forward the gauge field theory of gravity.
1965438+April 6, 2004, moved from Zurich to Berlin.
On July 2, he delivered his inaugural speech at the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
In June, 5438+00, he opposed the declaration of German cultural celebrities defending the war and gave books to the civilized world.
Sign a letter to a European.
1 1 June, joined the anti-war group "New Motherland Alliance".
19 15 The rotating magnetic effect was discovered by De Haas.
In March, he wrote to romain rolland to support his anti-war activities.
From June to July, he gave six academic lectures on general relativity in Atingen. In June 65438 +065438+10, the gravitational square of general relativity was put forward.
The complete form of the process, and successfully explained the movement of mercury perihelion.
1965438+In March, 2006, I finished the summary paper "The Basis of General Relativity".
In March, he published an article in memory of Mach.
In May, the hypothesis that the universe is finite and unbounded was put forward.
In August, he completed the quantum theory of radiation, summarized the development of quantum theory and put forward the theory of stimulated radiation.
This is the first time to discuss gravitational waves.
Writing "On Special and General Relativity".
19 17 In February, he wrote his first paper on cosmology and introduced the cosmological term. Suffer from liver disease and gastric ulcer one after another
Choice, jaundice and general weakness are all taken care of by cousin Elsa.
1965438+In February 2008, Einstein published his second paper on gravitational waves, including the four-level formula.
19191-gave lectures in Zurich in March.
Divorced from mileva in February.
Married Elsa in June.
In September, I learned the results of the solar eclipse observed by British astronomers. 1654381after the news was announced on October 6, the whole world was sensational. pass by
Therefore, Einstein's theory is regarded as "one of the greatest achievements in the history of human thought".
In February, 65438, he received the only honorary degree in Germany: the doctorate of medicine from the University of Rostock.
1920 My mother died of cancer in March.
Summer trip to Scandinavia.
From August to September, there was an anti-relativistic countercurrent in Germany, and Einstein was viciously attacked. He rose to fight openly.
In June, 5438+00, he accepted a part-time visiting professor at Leiden University and published a report on ether and relativity.
192 1 year 65438+1month visited Prague and Vienna.
On October 27th, 65438/KLOC-0, he gave a report on geometry and experience at the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
In February, I went to Amsterdam to attend the meeting of the International Federation of Trade Unions.
From April 2 to May 30, in order to raise funds, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem was founded in Jerusalem with Weizmann.
First visit to America. Won the Barnard medal at Columbia University. President Harding received him at the White House. During his visit to Chicago, Poland
During his stay in Boston and Princeton, he gave four lectures on relativity.
In June, he visited England and visited Newton's cemetery.
1922 1 completed the first paper of unified field theory. Visit France in March and April to promote France and Germany.
Normalization of relations. Give a speech criticizing Mach's philosophy.
In May, he participated in the knowledge cooperation committee of the League of Nations.
In July, he was threatened with murder and temporarily left Berlin.
On October 8th, 65438/KLOC-0, Einstein and Elsa went to Japan by boat in Marseille. Visit Colombo, Singapore and Hong Kong along the way.
And Shanghai.
1On October 9th, Einstein was awarded the 192 1 Nobel Prize in Physics on his way to Japan.
165438+ 10/7-65438+February 29th, visiting Japan.
1On February 2, 923, I visited Palestine on my way back from Japan and stayed for 12 days.
On February 8, he became the first honorary citizen of Tel Aviv.
On my way back to Germany from Palestine, I went to Spain.
In March, Einstein was disappointed with the ability of the League of Nations and submitted his resignation to the League of Nations. From June to July, help to create a "new Russia"
Friends Association "and become a member of its executive committee.
Go to Gothenburg in July to receive the Nobel Prize 192 1. Give a lecture on relativity to win the Nobel Prize.
Thank you.
The Compton effect was discovered and the long-standing contradiction in the concept of photon was solved. In 65438+February, the quantum effect was first speculated.
May come from the overconstrained field equation of general relativity.
1924 joined the Jewish organization in Berlin and became a member who paid membership fees.
In June, reconsider joining the League of Nations.
65438+February, the last major discovery. Through the analysis of statistical fluctuation, an independent wave related to matter is obtained.
Argument. Bose-Einstein condensation was also discovered at this time.
1925 was hired as the director of the German-Soviet cooperative group "Oriental Culture and Technology Association".
From May to June, I visited South America.
Together with Gandhi and others, he signed a statement refusing to perform military service.
Accept the Copley medal.
Working for the board of directors of Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
Published non-Euclidean geometry and physics.
1in the spring of 926, he and Heisenberg discussed the philosophical problems about quantum mechanics.
Accept the gold medal of the Royal Astronomer.
Was admitted as an academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
1927 February, signed the anti-fascist declaration drafted by Barbiser.
Participated in the international anti-imperialist alliance and was elected honorary chairman.
10 June, attended the 5th Solvay Physics Seminar in Brussels, and began to explain quantum mechanics with Copenhagen School.
This problem caused a heated debate.
Newtonian mechanics and its influence on the development of theoretical physics. 1928 1 Elected as "German Human Rights"
Director of the Alliance (formerly known as Germany's "New Motherland Alliance").
In spring, due to overwork and poor health, I went to Davos to recuperate and give lectures to convalescent youth. Publish "things"
The basic concepts of neo-Confucianism and its recent changes.
In April, Helen Ducas began to serve as Einstein's lifelong private secretary.
1929 February, unified field theory was published.
March, 50th birthday, hiding in the suburbs to avoid birthday celebrations. Elizabeth's first visit to the Belgian royal family
The Queen established a friendship with the Queen of Belgium and wrote to her until her death.
On June 28th, he won the Planck Medal.
After September, he argued with the French mathematician Adama about war and peace and insisted on unconditionally opposing everything.
War.
1930 dissatisfied with the inaction of the League of Nations in improving international relations, he resigned. In May, in International
Women's League for Peace and Freedom ".
In July, I argued with Tagore about the objectivity of truth.
65438+February11-1931March 4th, Einstein visited the United States for the second time, mainly in California.
State Institute of Technology holds lectures.
65438+February 65438+March, Mayor Walker presented Einstein with the golden key of new york City.
65438+February 19-20, visited Cuba.
He has published articles such as My World View, Religion and Science.
193 1 returned to Berlin from America in March.
He visited England in May and gave a speech at Oxford University.
165438+ 10 called on all countries to block the Japanese economy and prevent its military aggression against China.
65438+gave another lecture in California in February.
In order to participate in the 1932 international disarmament conference, a series of articles and speeches were specially published.
Maxwell's influence on the development of the concept of physical reality was published. 1February 932, German pacifism.
Ossietzky was convicted of treason and protested in Pasadena.
Return to Berlin from America in March.
I went to Cambridge and Oxford to give lectures in May, and then rushed to Geneva to attend the disarmament conference, feeling extremely disappointed.
In June, Murphy and I had a talk about causality.
Correspond with Freud in July to discuss the psychological problems of war.
Call on the German people to stand up and defend the Weimar Republic and oppose fascism with all their strength. 65438+February 10, my wife and I left Germany.
Go to America. However, they originally planned to visit the United States, but never set foot on German soil.
193365438+1October 30th, the Nazis came to power.
On March 10, I made a statement in Pasadena that I would not return to Germany and set off for Europe the next day.
On March 20th, the Nazis searched his house, and he protested. After that, his property in Germany was confiscated and his works were burned.
Arrived in Belgium from the United States on March 28th, and took refuge in the seaside countryside.
April 2 1 announced his resignation from Prussian Academy of Sciences.
The letter to Laue on May 26th pointed out that scientists should not remain silent on major political issues.
Return to Belgium after giving a speech at Oxford in June.
In July, he changed his absolute pacifist attitude and called on young people from all over the world to arm themselves and prepare for a desperate struggle against Nazi Germany.
In early September, the Nazis offered a reward of 20,000 marks to kill him.
On September 9th, I came to England and left Europe forever.
65438+1gave a speech "Civilization and Science" in London on October 3rd.
65438+ 10/0 left Britain, 65438+10/7 arrived in the United States, settled in Princeton, and applied for advanced academic research.
A professor at the college.
My world view, an anthology from 65438 to 0934, was edited and published by his stepson Rudolf Cather. 1935
Take a short trip to Bermuda in May. A formal application for permanent residence in Bermuda in the United States. This is also the last time he left the United States.
Won the Franklin medal.
In cooperation with Podolski and Rosen, he published a paper challenging Copenhagen School, claiming that quantum mechanics describes reality.
The statement is incomplete.
Running for the Nobel Prize (Peace Prize) to Ausier Tszky in Nazi concentration camps.
1936 began to cooperate with infeld and Hoffman to study the movement of general relativity.
On February 20th, 65438, his wife Elsa died.
Published Physics and Reality and On Education.
1From March to September, 1937, I participated in the compilation of the popular booklet Evolution of Physics written by infield.
In March, we supported China's "Seven Gentlemen".
In June, I cooperated with Infield and Hoffman to complete the paper "Gravity Equation and Motion Problem", which came from the field of general relativity.
The equation of motion is derived from this process.
1938 Co-authored with Bergman the paper "Extension of Kalucha's Electricity Theory".
In September, I wrote to the descendants after 5000 years, expressing my dissatisfaction with the present situation of capitalist society.
1August 2, 939, under the impetus of szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt, suggesting that the United States should pay close attention to atomic energy research.
Stop Germany from getting the atomic bomb first.
My sister Maya came to America from Europe and lived in Einstein's house for a long time. On May 1940 and 15, About was published.
Basic examination of theoretical physics.
On May 22nd, I called Roosevelt to oppose the neutral policy of the United States.
65438+1 October1obtained American citizenship.
Published articles on science and religion in 194 1.
1942 10 warmly praised the achievements of the Soviet Union in various aspects at the gathering of Jewish aid to the Soviet Union.
1May, 943, joined the work of the United States Admiralty as a scientific consultant. 1944 support the anti-fascist war
Auction 1905 manuscript of special relativity for $6 million. A review of Russell's epistemology.
In February 65438, he discussed atomic weapons and post-war peace with Stern and Bohr, followed Bohr's advice and remained silent for the time being.
1945 in March, he discussed the dangers of atomic armament with szilard, and wrote to introduce szilard to Roosevelt, but without success.
Retired from the Institute of Advanced Studies in April (in fact, I still continue to work as usual). After September, there were a series of problems.
Comments on atomic war and world government. 1946 In May, he initiated and organized the "Special Committee of Atomic Scientists".
As chairman. In May, he received an honorary doctorate from Lincoln University. Write a long "self-report" and review the scientific exploration in my life.
Road.
My sister Maya was paralyzed by a stroke in May. She reads to her every night.
In June+10, 5438, he wrote an open letter to the United Nations General Assembly, urging the establishment of a world government.
1947 continues to make a lot of remarks about world government.
In September, an open letter was published, suggesting that the United Nations be reorganized into a world government. 1April to June, 948, with astronomer Xia.
Pliny cooperated with and fully opposed the United States to launch a "preventive war" against the Soviet Union.
Protest against the United States for general military training.
Published in quantum mechanics and reality.
His ex-wife mileva died in Zurich.
A laparotomy was performed from June to February in 5438, and a large aneurysm was found in the abdominal aorta.
1949 65438+1October 13, Einstein was discharged from the hospital.
In June+10, 5438, he wrote Answers to Criticism and commented on Albert Einstein: Philosopher, an anthology of Copenhagen School-
Criticism in The Scientist is anti-criticism.
Why Socialism was published in May.
165438+ 10 "Special Committee of Atomic Scientists" ceased its activities.
In February 1950, 13, he made a televised speech against American-made hydrogen bombs.
In April, he published an article on the theory of generalized gravity.
Published a collection of poems "Old Age Collection".
Signed and sealed the will on March 65438, 2008. Dr. Nathan was appointed as the sole executor. Nathan Bo's Legacy
And detained Ducas. The final storage place of letters and manuscripts is Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Other terms include: violin.
To grandson bernhard Caesar.
195 1 year, he published articles and letters one after another, pointing out that the U.S. policy of armament expansion is a serious obstacle to world peace.
In June, my sister Maya died after a long period of paralysis.
In September, the Special Committee of Atomic Energy Scientists was dissolved.
1952, he published Relativity and Space Problems and Introduction of Some Basic Outlines. 1 1 month with color
1 after the death of president weismann, the Israeli government asked him to be the second president, but he was rejected.
1On April 3rd, 953, I wrote "Ode to the Olympia Academy" to my old friends in Bern to remember my youth.
Life.
/kloc-in may of 0/6, I wrote a letter to the persecuted teacher, Flawn Glass, calling on American intellectuals to rise up to Fasi, a loyal opposition.
Persecution caused great repercussions. In order to read Born's retirement, he published a paper on the explanation of quantum mechanics, which attracted two people's attention
A heated debate between us.
The Preface to the Concept of Space was published.
1954 In March, on his 75th birthday, he appealed to the American people through the "Special Committee on Civil Liberties".
Fight against fascist forces.
In March, he was publicly denounced by US Senator McCarthy as "the enemy of the United States".
A statement was issued in May to protest the political persecution in Oppenheimer.
Qiu stayed in bed for several days because of hemolytic anemia.
165438+1October 18, published a statement in the reporter magazine, preferring to be a craftsman in the United States rather than a scientist.
Or a peddler.
Complete asymmetric relativity.
1955 From February to April, I communicated with Russell to discuss the peace declaration, and signed the declaration in April of 1 1.
In March, I wrote a "self-report clip", recalling the road of learning and scientific exploration in my youth.
On March 15, my best friend Besso passed away.
On April 3, Cohen and I talked about the history of science and other issues.
On April 5, he refuted American fascism and branded him a "subversive". 13 April, I was drawing a TV.
Severe abdominal pain occurred during the speech and was later diagnosed as arterial bleeding.
I was admitted to Princeton Hospital on April 15.
On April 8th, 65438+ 1: 25 died in the hospital. On the same day, the body was cremated in Trenton 16. According to his will, the ashes
Confidentiality, no obituaries, no public funerals, no graves, no monuments.