Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin is the successor to the proletarian doctrine and cause founded by Marx and Engelin. He founded the Russian Bolshevik Party and created the world's first socialist country, the Soviet Union. He was the leader and mentor of the world's proletariat and other working people, and a friend of the oppressed nations in colonial and semi-colonial countries.
Lenin was born on April 10, 1870 in the Russian calendar (22nd in the Gregorian calendar) in the city of Simbirsk on the banks of the Volga River, now Ulyanovsk. Lenin's father, Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov, was a middle school teacher with democratic and progressive views. He later became an inspector of the Simbirsk Provincial Department of National Education. Due to his many years of work in national education, He was promoted to provincial director of national education and was awarded the title of nobility. Lenin's mother, Maria Alexandrovna, was the daughter of a doctor. She lived in the countryside before getting married. Although she only received family education, because of her diligence and studious, she later passed the exam and obtained the title of primary school teacher. She has read many books and is good at foreign languages ??and music. She is very concerned about the children's learning and moral education, and works for them all day long. The Ulyanov family has six children. Lenin's brother was Alexander, and his sister was Anna. sister Oriya. The younger brother Dmitry, the youngest sister is called Maria.
The smart and lively Lenin began to study culture at the age of five. He entered Simbirsk Middle School at the age of nine. His academic performance has always been among the best, and he won a gold medal for his excellent academic performance. Lenin's brother Alexander Ulyanov was a top student at Kazan University and a member of the Youth Group of the Volya Volya. On March 13, 1887, Alexander Ulyanov was arrested for his involvement in the assassination of Tsar Alexander III. He was killed on May 20 of the same year. Lenin, who was greatly shocked, strengthened his determination to fight against the tsarist autocracy from the bloody lessons and firmly said: "We will not take this road." The 17-year-old Lenin was already exploring a new path to fight against the tsarist autocracy. At the end of June 1887, Lenin's family moved to Kazan. In the autumn, he entered the Law Department of Kazan University to study. Shortly after enrolling, he was expelled for opposing the police system in the university and was prohibited from living in Kazan. A year later, Lenin returned to Kazan, where he joined a local Marxist research group and began studying Capital. In May 1889, Lenin and his family moved to Samara. In 1891, at the age of 21, Lenin passed the graduation examination of Bodberg University as an external student. And was awarded a cum laude diploma. In the city of Samara, Lenin organized the first local Marxist group and wrote the earliest paper: "New Economic Changes in Peasant Life." In August 1893, Lenin moved to Petersburg (now Leningrad). From then on, he opened a new chapter in his revolutionary career.
Lenin was the founder of a new type of proletarian party. Russia, which has entered the era of imperialism in world history, is a gathering point of various contradictions. To overthrow the tsarist autocracy, completely complete the tasks of democratic revolution, and then realize the tasks of socialist revolution and construction, it is necessary to have a proletarian revolutionary party armed with Marxism leadership. Lenin said very early on: "Give us an organization of revolutionaries, and we can turn Russia over!" This became his diligent goal. To this end, he worked hard to combine Marxism with Russian practice and fought to build a proletarian revolutionary party. In the autumn of 1895, under the leadership of Lenin, all Marxist groups in Petersburg united into a unified political organization and named it the "Association for the Liberation Struggle of the Working Class." This struggle association was the germ of a revolutionary Marxist party based on the mass workers' movement. It only operated for a short period of time before a group of key members headed by Lenin were arrested. Lenin was first imprisoned and then exiled to Siberia. During his exile, Lenin summarized the association's struggle experience to guide the construction of the Russian Marxist party. In early March 1898, when Lenin was still in exile, a group of Russian socialists held the first party congress and announced the establishment of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. A rally of exiles headed by Lenin announced that they would join the Social Democratic Labor Party. In fact, the "First Congress" did not really establish the party. The Economists had the upper hand in the committee. After the First Congress, the organization became more fragmented, the politics became more unstable, and the ideology became more confusing. The Economists became the main obstacle to the establishment of the party. "Iskra" founded by Lenin in 1900 and his book "What to Do" written between 1901 and 1902 shattered economistism. The party program and constitution were adopted at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in July 1903. During the discussion of the party constitution, sharp differences arose within the party. The Bolsheviks headed by Lenin and the Mensheviks headed by Martov were born. After the Second Congress, the Bolsheviks engaged in an irreconcilable struggle against the opportunist organizational and strategic lines pursued by the Mensheviks.
After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1905, the Third Congress of the Party was held under the leadership of Lenin and formulated the Bolshevik strategy in this revolution. In early November, when the revolution was reaching its climax, Lenin returned to Petersburg from abroad to strengthen his leadership of the Bolshevik Central Committee and the Petersburg Committee. During the days of intense struggle and busy work, Lenin also paid great attention to the editing and publishing work of "New Life", the organ of the Party Central Committee.
He attended the newspaper's editorial board meetings and wrote articles to promote the party's strategic thinking. This newspaper played an important role in the life of the party and the revolutionary struggle. When Moscow workers staged an armed uprising in December 1905, Lenin praised the workers' feats and called on the workers of Petersburg to support their struggle. After the failure of the Moscow workers' uprising, Lenin promptly helped them summarize their experiences and lessons and boost their fighting spirit. From 1906 to 1907, Lenin continued to fight in the country until December 1907 when he was forced to leave Russia.
After the February Revolution of 1917, Lenin ended his long-term exile and returned to Russia on April 3 (April 16 in the Gregorian calendar). In response to the coexistence of two regimes in Russia, in the famous "April Theses", he formulated a program for the party and the proletariat to transition from a bourgeois democratic revolution to a socialist revolution and a strategic line for the peaceful development of the revolution. Then, he The principles in the "April Theses" were further developed in the report delivered at the Seventh Congress of the Bolshevik Party. During the 90 days from April to July, Lenin led the work of the Central Committee while directly guiding the "Truth The work of the newspaper's editorial department. He wrote more than 150 articles and several pamphlets to publicize the Bolshevik Party's strategic principles, thus arming the Bolsheviks and strengthening their belief in the victory of the revolution.
Lenin was the architect of the policy of the October Armed Uprising and the leader of the victory of the socialist revolution. In July 1917, the bourgeoisie suppressed the peaceful demonstrations of the proletariat and the subsequent attacks on the Bolsheviks. The political situation in Russia has undergone fundamental changes. The "July Incident" broke the coexistence of two regimes, and the future of the peaceful development of the revolution has been cut off. Lenin was also forced to go underground, and continued to guide the revolutionary struggle and write the book "State and Revolution" in a hut on the shore of Lake Razrif. On August 9, Lenin left Russia and arrived in Finland, where he continued to complete "State and Revolution". Revolution" and paid attention to the development of the domestic political situation. The rapid crushing of Kornilov's rebellion caused a huge change in the balance of domestic class power. The Bolsheviks' prestige was greatly enhanced, and they soon gained the upper hand in the Soviets in Petrograd and Moscow. Lenin analyzed the new revolutionary situation and in two letters of instructions written to the Bolshevik Central Committee, the Petrograd Committee and the Moscow Committee from September 12 to 14, he clearly proposed to transfer power to the Soviets through an uprising to establish the dictatorship of the proletariat. new policy. In order to strengthen his leadership, Lenin secretly returned to Petrograd from Finland on October 7. He drafted the resolution on armed justice adopted by the Party Central Committee Plenary Session and directed the preparations for the uprising. On the night of October 24, Lenin arrived at Smolny Palace and personally took on the important task of guiding the uprising. On October 25 (November 7 in the Gregorian calendar), revolutionary workers, soldiers and sailors carried out the battle order of the uprising. The Winter Palace was captured late at night, announcing that the provisional government had been overthrown and the proletariat had taken control of the country. From then on, a new era of socialism began.
Lenin not only successfully led the Russian Revolution, but also guided and inspired the revolutionary struggle of the world proletariat at that time. Under his initiative, he founded the Communist International, and he personally presided over the The founding conference of the International, led the convening of the second, third and fourth congresses, and served as an executive member from the second congress.
Lenin is the leader of socialist construction. After the victory of the October Revolution, Russia entered a new historical period. For the first time, the theory of socialism became a reality in a backward country where agriculture was dominant. How to build socialism in such a country is a new topic. The Soviet political system and social system opened up huge possibilities for bringing into play the talents of the people and building socialism. The Bolshevik Party headed by Lenin led the Russian people through bloody battles to defeat the armed intervention of capitalist imperialism and suppress the White Guard gangs. The rebellion consolidated the Soviet power, summed up experience and lessons in a timely manner, shifted the focus of the party and the country to economic construction, and formulated new economic policies that were suitable for Russia's national conditions and in line with economic laws. Lenin firmly believed that Russia had all necessary and sufficient conditions to build a socialist society. Under his leadership, a programmatic plan for the electrification of Russia was drawn up, and the tasks of socialist industrialization were put forward to lay the material foundation of socialism; plans were drawn up to transform scattered small producers and attract them through agricultural cooperatives and agricultural mechanization. Participate in the plan of socialist construction. Lenin attached great importance to cultural and educational work. He made developing cultural education and carrying out cultural construction the main tasks of the planned era. He emphasized: "It is impossible to build a communist society in an illiterate country." The cultural construction mentioned by Lenin includes eradicating illiteracy, popularizing cultural knowledge, improving cultural standards, and cultivating specialized talents in economic construction and other fields. A wide range of tasks such as promoting communist morality and changing ignorance and uncivilization. In economic and cultural construction, Lenin often reminded party organizations and cadres to give full play to the role of teachers and experts, and to examine problems in the use and unity of experts.
Lenin was an active advocate of promoting socialist democracy and overcoming bureaucracy. He was deeply abhorred by the procrastination and literariness of the Soviet state institutions, and considered them to be one of the "enemies" that hindered the progress of the socialist cause.
Lenin was a promoter of reforming state organs. In his view, to effectively overcome bureaucratic bias, it was necessary to reform state organs so that they could be closely connected with the masses and select outstanding workers, farmers and intellectuals to important economic positions. , we must also establish clear responsibilities and a democratic inspection and supervision system. Those who cause heavy losses due to bureaucracy should be punished on a case-by-case basis. The fundamental way to overcome bureaucracy is to improve the cultural level of the broad masses of the people.
Lenin extremely disliked the cult of personality. He believed that workers’ leaders were not angels or saints, but ordinary people. He firmly believed: "The wisdom of millions of creators will create something much better than even the greatest genius could foresee." Lenin was very humble and simple, extremely concerned about the party's cause, and followed the party's instructions as an example The principle of collective leadership, frequent self-criticism, always listening to the opinions of the masses, and always opposing the prominence of others. He repeatedly refused artists to draw and shape his portrait, and also objected to people wishing him a birthday. On April 23, 1920, the Moscow Committee of the Russian Communist Party held a party for Lenin's fiftieth birthday. He deliberately delayed his arrival until the end of the party. In his reply, he first said, "Thank you for preventing me from hearing the birthday wishes." Speeches...let us dispense with this ceremony of congratulations at all in the future.” The bad habit of singing praises is incompatible with Lenin. He said earnestly: "Some political parties tend to be arrogant before they fail and decline." "I hope that we will not let our party fall to the point of arrogance under any circumstances." .
Lenin was the leader of the proletariat who dedicated everything to the revolutionary cause. His tireless and long-term intense political activities, as well as the trauma caused by the assassination of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, seriously damaged his health. , starting from the first half of 1922, he became seriously ill. He passed away on January 21, 1924. His death is the most painful loss for the proletariat and working people all over the world. His outstanding contributions to mankind will go down in history forever.