This word may not be like a person, but it means freedom and not letting others. Conceited words are also.
[Six Methods]: The theory of six methods was first seen in the Records of Ancient Paintings by Sheikh in the Southern Qi Dynasty and the Records of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties by Zhang Yanyuan in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that the charm is vivid, the bone method uses a pen, things should be pictographic, and they should be applied according to the class. It is said that it is a transfer and reproduction, and it is called a business place.
[Cao Cao Parade]: Ni Yunlin tasted: "A servant's so-called painter is nothing more than an unintentional pen, and he doesn't want to be similar, but talks to amuse himself." The so-called rush is also a freehand brushwork, not asking for details, just talking about condemnation.
2. The ancient Chinese translation of the preface of Lanteng Collection. However, when they are happy with what they touch, they will feel complacent and really happy for a while. The reason is like a sign, they will inevitably sigh and be sad when reading the previous articles, and they can't understand it.
There are also clear and swift streams, which are arranged beside the winding water as winding water, and the winding water (like a green ribbon) surrounds the pavilion. Lanting has a peak in this place.
It is sad that future generations look at people today just as people today look at their predecessors. So write down the people who attended the meeting one by one: "After all, life and death are big things."
How can it not make people sad? People feel happy and satisfied when interacting with others, and spend their lives quickly, with different quietness and restlessness; Some people have the same ideas and tastes as what they like. Drinking and writing poems are enough to describe deep feelings. Finally, it comes down to elimination. At the beginning of March, we will get together in Lanting, which is located in Huiji Mountain. Whenever I see the reasons why predecessors express their feelings, the wind is warm, and I can't help feeling the vastness of the universe because of it. I know it's wrong to equate life with death.
There are many talented people gathered here, old and young. Their feelings change with the changes of things, and their feelings also arise, which is enough for them to enjoy as much as possible, although there is no lively music. When you are tired of what you get or love, it is false to look down at all kinds of things on the earth in order to translate for nine years, broaden your horizons and equate long life with short life. Moreover, the length of life depends on nature.
Some people talk about their ambitions indoors. On this day, I didn't know that aging was coming, tall bamboo and lush Woods.
The ancients said that the weather is sunny and the air is fresh. Even though times have changed and things have changed, the reason that triggers people's feelings is to entrust their feelings and live freely.
Although each has his own hobbies. What I liked before, in an instant, has become an old trace, recording their poems.
Readers of later generations.
3. Classical Chinese translation: the original text of Ou Yu
People have set Ou (1) on the side of the road and fell to the ground. Ou has been defeated. When people get there, people who support Europe should have done it in the past, but they are eager to catch it and say, "Why did you hit me?" Because he took its ou, he lost with it. Many people in the city are right. Those who beat Europe first can't walk straight. Hey! The loser leaves without seeing anyone. People who hold Ou are unfortunately worthwhile because they are easily disabled. Things have changed so much that people in that city have lost their true intentions!
source
Gui Youguang's Collection of Mr. Zhenchuan in Ming Dynasty.
To annotate ...
① Ou: pottery, such as pots and pans.
2 suitable: just in time.
③ Right: favoritism.
4 can't be straight: it means that it can't be solved fairly.
translate
A man put the basin on the side of the road and poured it aside. The washbasin fell to the ground and broke into pieces. The man was about to leave when a man happened to pass by with a basin. The man grabbed the man with the basin and asked him, "Why did you break my basin?" So he grabbed the washbasin in his hand and gave it to him (which he had just broken). Most people in the market are partial to those who break the basin first, and those who hold the basin are not treated fairly and finally leave unfairly.
Alas! If the person who smashed the basin first didn't see the person, he would have left long ago. People passing by with pots unfortunately met him (or: this happened) and were forced to replace their intact pots with a broken one. The change of things is so elusive that those people in the market have lost their kindness and sincerity!
4. Translation of Foreign Preface < Five Years in Li Qing > In the spring of Li Qing's third year, Prime Minister Lv Yijian was ill in the spring of Li Qing's third year, and Prime Minister Lv Yijian was ill and could not go to court. There are many ministers in the world, and they are determined to do things in heaven. First, they gave Xia Song a book with an admonition officer and suggestion, and then they called Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan to Shaanxi, except for Fu Bi's consent. Never put off till tomorrow what you can, Zhong You, qi panic nodded, quit five or six. I was in a hurry when I wrote to Qu Qi and others. But Fang Bi asked for the right words, so I couldn't see them. I sent the nobles to the door of the cabinet and asked them to give orders immediately. Oh! The reason why people let us use Qi and others in the world can be described as a golden opportunity for sages and sages. How prosperous it is to meet the monarch and ministers!
In the spring of the third year of Li Qing, Prime Minister Lv Yijian fell ill and refused to go to court. The above has been changed to a minister, focusing on things in the sky. In Xia Song, books were made with admonishers and suggestions. Soon, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were called to Shaanxi, and Fu Bi was appointed as an agreement. He Ruobi, Fan Zhongyan and Xu Qi all kowtowed in fear, and five or six of them were grovelling. There is an urgent need to urge Lv Qi and others to go to Tao in person, but He Rebi is inputting words seeking answers, but he can't see them. He sent a eunuch to the door and asked him to accept the order. Oh! Observing that Lv Qi and others can make the above-mentioned Lv Qi and others meet, it can be said that it is a once-in-a-million-year event for sages, and the relationship between monarch and subjects is spectacular!
Therefore, people in the world are unwilling to do evil, take care of whom and choose with whom. In summer and April, he was called from the sliding platform and entered the suggestion court. In winter and December, I worship rights and know how to patent. At that time, although the Xia people asked for help, the martial law of the Western Division had not yet been lifted. JD.COM was a thief for many years. Finally, Wang Lun suited Yizhou, robbed Jianghuai, and Guo Maoshan began to do business, and Deng Qi attacked Jingxi. Many county officials are incompetent, but the people are very bad. Fang generously advised farmers to develop schools and broke the precedent of hiring people. Sad for the people, want to get rid of their officials, have long heard about the disadvantages of grinding, but they think they can be talented. If you don't practice all duties, but apply for rewards and punishments, you want to practice law. Although I am in charge of the imperial edict, I am still in the position of remonstrator. I often play in the office, so I listened to the story of the son of heaven calmly, so I was more worried about Min Yuanyuan and bothered to seek treatment. The book contains a retreat to satirize the incumbent. However, the Story of Fang and Ancestors was revised, and the notes were revised and edited. The Japanese and roommates discussed and discussed, and the documents were kept differently. However, in addition to orders, when the rate is different, the Prime Minister was forced to go out. Therefore, in thinking and writing, you can't concentrate on it. In order to make the emperor difficult to distinguish, you were ordered to write for three generations. Hey, honey! Scholars' articles are rare in the world, but they were applied to the court and ruled by the lords. If you are modest, you will not be weighed if you use up all the materials, but you can't do your job wholeheartedly, so you often hate sven.
At this time, people in the world who don't want to be materials look at me and choose with him. In summer and April, please walk into the hospital from the slide. In winter, in1February, worship is the right thing and you know how to make a difference. At that time, although Xixia repeatedly asked for instructions, the Xiliang army was not over yet. Stealing the country for many years, Sima Lun finally broke the profit, and got through the robbery between Jianghuai, and Guo Maoshan also started Deng's business to earn Jingxi. Most state and county officials are incompetent, while the people are exhausted. The son of heaven only regrets to persuade farmers to learn mulberry, break precedent and make an exception in employing people. Officials who mourn the suffering of the people and want to eliminate the harm of others to the people know the disadvantages of grinding the law for a long time and think of other materials to recommend talents. Suffering from various positions, but applying for rewards and punishments, because it is estimated that the law will be revised. Although I was in charge of the imperial edict, I seemed to be remonstrating. I often go to the temple to play with things. I calmly heard that the son of heaven tried to change his daily affairs and asked for treatment because of his pity for the people. This book contains retreat and advice to the incumbent. However, we made up an old story, notes and books with our ancestors. We discussed with our friends and saved a lot of money in handling documents. Except for the eyes, the speed is approaching the prime minister in less than an hour or two. So I can't concentrate on thinking, be good at writing, guide the meaning that the son of heaven can't convey, and then die in three generations of words. Alas! What I have learned is rarely used in the world, let alone applied to the imperial court, and encountered the prosperity of the monarchy. I am afraid that trimming will be disproportionate, not to mention that my duties are not single-minded. This is why I often regret my gentleness.
Next autumn, he will be sent to Hebei as a transshipment ambassador. Next spring, the right to know will become the German military. When there are few things, I look at my grass. Although I can't fully express the meaning of the son of heaven, I can get a thing or two from what I said, which is enough to show future generations. Cover Wang Zhixun, don't waste it with light words. So it is recorded as three volumes. Your Excellency, I am not full until I am 80 years old. In a few days, I will be in the east of Fenghe River. Also, from Hebei. So, all he did was 150 more clouds. Preface to March 2 1 day
One day in the second autumn, I was transferred from Hebei. The following spring, Quan Zhi became a German soldier. After a while, the hair rang and the grass passed. Although we can't record all the meanings of the saints and emperors, one or two are enough for future generations. Because this is the lesson of the king, although my article is despicable and useless. This book has three volumes. I went straight down, and suddenly I was over eighty. A few days later, he was ordered to go to Hedong. Return, that is, from Hebei. Therefore, there are only more than 150 kinds of sayings about his works. Preface to March 2 1 day
5. I saw two pairs of long scrolls in the market booth. The inscription was Yun (1633- 1690), originally named Ge, and later changed to Zhengzhengshu, or Uncle, whose name was Nantian, from Changzhou (Wujin), Jiangsu.
Born in the sixth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1633), he died in the 29th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1690) at the age of 58. Yun is an outstanding painter with a high reputation in the history of Chinese painting. He is as famous as Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi, Wang and Wang, and is called "Six Great Masters in the Early Qing Dynasty" or "Four Kings and Wu Yun".
There is a collection of lotus fragrance houses. Yunjia is a big family in Wujin.
At the beginning of Yunri, his father was a tribute student of Chongzhen for six years, taking Liu as his teacher, and became the "Sect of Neo-Confucianism in Southeast China", famous in the south of the Yangtze River. Yun grew up in such a scholarly family and an official family, and received a good and comprehensive education from an early age. Coupled with his talent, he soon showed his extraordinary talent. "The books taught by his father An Xun are easy to understand. At the age of eight, he sang lotus flowers into sentences, which surprised the teachers."
All these have laid a solid foundation for Yun to become a famous painter. If it weren't for the great social change, Yun might have spent his whole life studying, going to school and being an official, just like his grandparents.
However, the inspiration of Shanhaiguan brought him to the era of great turmoil. Yun's father was unwilling to submit to the Qing court from the beginning. During the war, he took Nantian, who was 12 years old, and his two brothers to Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and went through hardships. Finally, he joined Wang Qi's anti-Qing team in Jianning, Fujian.
Soon, Jin Chen, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, led 60,000 Qing troops to storm Jianning, and Nantian, who was 15 years old, took part in the defense of the isolated city. After the fall of the city, Nantian was captured to the Qing army barracks, and Jin Chen, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, was childless. His wife saw that Tian Congming was handsome and adopted him.
Although Nantian lived a leisurely and prosperous life as the son of the Governor's Office, he was preoccupied with his relatives and hometown. Five years later, he finally left the Government House, reunited with his father, and returned to his hometown under the design of monk Youde, the host of Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou.
The legendary experience of Nantian teenager was once passed down as a much-told story and widely circulated. "My uncle has been in mourning. When he was young, he traveled with the chivalrous man. He often travels thousands of miles, and suddenly he is like his life. Others are depressed and lost, as always. "
(Gu Zuyu's Preface to the Collection of Ou Xiangge) Nan Tian's experience of birth, aging, illness and death can be said to have a decisive influence on his life. For the livelihood of a young family, Nantian embarked on the road of selling paintings for a living, and the reward was painting.
During his painting career, he met like-minded friends such as Tang, Mo Yunqing, Zhuang Zichun, Yang, Mao and Zhu Kuangding, and learned from each other and sang together, especially with Wang Hao. Yun wrote many inscriptions for Wang Yi's works, which added icing on the cake to Wang Yi's works.
The Collection of Paintings in Past Dynasties in China said: "If the stone valley is painted in both positive and negative ways, the origin of painting color will be revealed and the subtlety of conception will be fully displayed." This kind of painting by Wang is "the best in the world".
In the 29th year of Kangxi, Nantian ended his life of toil, poverty and desolation. At this time, the son was five years old in his ancestral years, and the orphans and widows "can't lose their lives." Thanks to the great help of old friends such as Dong Gui and Zou, this arrangement was realized.
Zhang Geng's "China's Paintings of Past Dynasties" said that Yunnan Tian "learned flowers without thinking about mountains and rivers, considered the present, returned to Xu Chongsi in the Northern Song Dynasty, washed his habits, made his unique face, and made a decent sketch, so he studied at home with scholars." In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the landscape painting industry emerged one after another and the lineup grew.
But the strength of flower-and-bird painting is relatively weak. Yun keenly saw this phenomenon in flower-and-bird painting, chose flower-and-bird painting as a breakthrough and started his own innovation. Since "Huang Jiafu, Wild", flower-and-bird painting has formed two schools with different styles in Yellow River and Yellow River.
Cloud reasonably absorbs the skills of the two factions and walks out of a new path of boneless flowers, thus shining on the world and leaving a lasting legacy. The so-called boneless refers to a painting method that abandons ink lines, does not take ink lines as bones, and directly depicts objects with colors.
Clouds learn from nature, mainly sketching. He often "writes", "photographs" and "photographs" flowers. A "ink color" painting with the inscription: "I am irrigating the garden in the south of the city, and I will leave Jun Hua for dinner another day.
Lu Xiaoxin pumped Cui Jia fertilizer, and the hoe became more tender. Why bother to win the championship? Salt, black beans and soup are rotten like mud.
I like Shanjia's wit and kindness. I don't want meat to be better than gold. "Inviting like-minded friends to taste the vegetables planted under the flowers by hand is sweet and delicious, which is really far better than the delicious food of the rich and nobles.
Write vegetables and celery without bones, and use a pen to be free and easy. Elegant color, extremely clean and moist pen and ink. The leaves of vegetables are dripping with water and have a fresh and tender feeling. "Funny Picture of Putang" is a semicircle made up of minnows of different sizes with long and narrow bodies. Another one broke away from the group, and the fish head swam straight to the fallen flower, forming two arcs with the marginal group.
The author uses different levels of light ink to smudge the fish's body and tail fin, and then highlights them with thick ink, so that the silver-gray light flashed by the light black back and thin white belly scales of these fish can be fully displayed in the fluctuation of water, and it can be seen at a glance that this group of fish is very comfortable and happy. In addition, the green duckweed and algae floating on the water are composed of faint orange and blue flowers, which are clustered, floating or densely stacked, and are implicated one by one, sometimes appearing and appearing as if nothing happened, which not only sets off the liveliness of the fish, but also makes the scarlet fallen flowers look particularly eye-catching and delicate.
Yun's creative attitude is very serious. It is because of such a serious creative attitude that he can create unique and elegant works of art.
The "An Pomegranate" fan in Shanghai Museum is painted with broken branches. Mature pomegranate is huge and full, with peeling cream and reddish white pomegranate. "Half Fen Autumn Map" depicts two kinds of flowers, old boys and Malva, which are common in autumn. The mallow rushes obliquely from right to left, with yellow and white stamens at the top, which are layered and full of business; A branch hangs down, and the palm-shaped leaves overlap the old and the young, reflecting up and down.
Most of Yun's flower works belong to the category of meticulous brushwork without bones, with simple composition, outstanding theme, elegance and elegance, and beautiful poems. The Picture of Flowers in Autumn and Flowers in Brocade was written in the twentieth year of Kangxi. The autumn colors such as Hushi, Qiutang and Yanlaihong are described by boneless overlapping dyeing method. The color is elegant, the artistic conception is beautiful and lively, but the pen is elegant, but there is no delicate realm. It is the supreme boutique of boneless flowers.
The interesting picture of Putang made in those days.
6. The translation of Preface to the Collection of Founders of Jiantang Taifu once lived in Anting, which is the dividing line between Kunshan and Jiading, but it is closer to Jiading. There were many people studying in Jiading at that time. Later, the words of our ancestors have been lost in Kunshan. In Jiading, Tang and Lou Xiaorou derived this school. Mr. Ma is one of the more talented disciples. He officially wrote "Jiantang Collection". I also taught Mr. Wang many times when he was in contact with my father's brother, but I still didn't often see his articles. When I arrived in Jiading last year, my husband had passed away for a long time. Mr. Wang's son promised him to publish several volumes of Tang Jian and asked me to make a preface; Only after reading this article did I know where Mr. Wang's words came from. Searching for roots is more taught by ancestors. The articles of our dynasty, starting from Pujiang (Song Lian) and Wu Shang (Wang Yi), are comparable to the great writers of Tang and Song Dynasties. After reading two people's articles, I understand that writing articles should not be sloppy and inaccurate. And later scholars are often different, running for the world. When I arrived in Jiajing, almost no one in the world knew the articles written by these two people. Only ancestors began to advocate ancient prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties. People who claimed to be writers in Wanli period had different interests demands from others in Jiajing period. When writing articles, they all entered a secluded and narrow road, cutting down overgrown vegetation (eliminating difficulties)? Finally, I can't write the orthodox road of the article. However, people usually like novelty, and they all look forward to the orthodox avenue of the article. Only Mr. Ma keeps his teacher's knowledge unchanged. Isn't this what we call "people who are not confused by the opinions of ordinary people and really trust their own judgment"? Most of Mr. Wang's articles are detailed and complete, rich in content and profound in thought, and the changes in them are unexpected by the ignorant. Compared with our ancestors, Wang Yi and Song Lian are far from each other. His articles are like nine rivers in Longmen, and there is only one source in Wan Li.
But I feel it again. In ancient times, asking for other people's articles was only related to the quality of his articles; If his articles are handed down to future generations, even ordinary people can. Moreover, the person who can write an article also depends on whether this person can write an article for him, and it is not easy to write an article for others. Some people in society ask for other people's articles, but they only look at whether the other party's status is noble, not how their own articles are. Ordinary people often buy things from famous officials and carve stones on the barrier as a glory. Famous officials don't have to write articles, or they can write but have no time, so find someone to write for them. First, some people can write and rashly promise others to ask for papers; First, the signatures are not their own, but articles written casually, so the number of articles in the world is increasing day by day, but it is said that most of them are men and women. I think about six or seven articles are written for famous officials or officials. Laugh at the common customs of the world, and lament that Mr. Ji was born at an untimely time. Even articles written by Han Yu, Su Shi, Ceng Gong and others for others are rarely seen so far. Moreover, Mr. Wang's literary talent, knowledge and articles are all written by himself. I won't worry before, but I will be able to write my own wonderful ideas, of course, more than that. A person who has wronged the world writes for others, even if his style is still there, will he be seated like an emperor and face the civil and military officials? I often lament the father of the great servant, because he is only a scholar when he is old and has a low status. He didn't get the position of compiling Chinese history books, and he didn't record the deeds of the old minister, because he didn't make his talents a kind of hatred. But Mr. Wang is a scholar and old! Later generations read Mr. Wang's article, and after enjoying it, they have to sigh loudly for him, endlessly.
I have little knowledge, so I shouldn't preface Mr. Wang's article, because I have promised him help, and because Mr. Wang's grammar is handed down from my family. So I don't refuse to preface him.
7. It has been nine years since the ancient Chinese translation of Preface to Lanteng Collection was published in Yonghe, which was a year of great shame. At the beginning of March, we will gather in Lanting, Yin Shan and Huiji to do things.
Many talented people gather here, young and old. Lanting Group has towering peaks, lush trees and tall bamboo forests.
There is also a clear and swift stream (like a green ribbon) around the pavilion, which draws water for the flow and sits next to it. Although there is no lively music, drinking some wine and writing some poems is enough to describe the hidden feelings. On this day, the weather is fine, the air is fresh and the weather is sunny. Looking up at the vast universe and overlooking all kinds of things on the earth is really a very happy thing, which can broaden your horizons and broaden your mind. People associate with each other and spend their lives quickly.
Someone talks about ambition indoors; Some people live a carefree life with passion. Although they have their own hobbies, quietness and restlessness are different. When they are happy with what they touch, they will be complacent, happy and satisfied for a while. They don't know that aging is coming.
When you are tired of what you get or love, your feelings will change with things, and so will your feelings. What I used to like, in an instant, has become an old trace, but I can't help feeling because of it. Besides, the length of my life depends on nature, and finally it comes down to extinction.
The ancients said, "Life and death are important things after all." How can it not make people sad? Whenever I see the reasons for the feelings of my predecessors, the reasons are consistent, and it is inevitable that I will feel sad and incomprehensible when reading the articles of my predecessors.
It turns out that it is wrong to equate life and death, and it is wrong to equate longevity and short life. It is sad that future generations look at people today just as people today look at their predecessors.
So write down the people who attended the meeting one by one and record the poems they made. Even though times have changed, things have changed, but the reasons for people's feelings are the same.
Future readers will also be deeply touched by the poems of this gathering.
8. The translation of classical Chinese is selected from Liu Xiang's New Preface. The big house built in Qi Xuanwang (literally translated as Grand Palace) covers an area of several hundred acres.
There are 300 rooms in the hall. With the huge state of Qi, it was built for three years but failed to be built, and no one among the ministers dared to remonstrate.
Xiang Ju asked Qi Xuanwang, "The King of Jin abandoned the rituals and pleasures of his ancestors and pursued lewd pleasures. Dare you ask the king of Jing State? " King Xuan said, "There is no emperor." "Dare you ask the officials of the state of Jing?" Wang Xuan said, "There are no courtiers." Xiang Ju said, "Now the king has built a big palace, but it hasn't been built for three years, and no one among the courtiers dares to give advice. Dare to ask the king if he has any servants? " King Xuan said, "There are no courtiers."
Hold each other up and say, "I beg to retreat." Take a small step and go out.
Xuanwang said, "Mr. Xiang stays. Why did you lecture me so late? " So Zhao Laishang said, "Write it down, I didn't follow the instructions of my late king and built a big palace. Xiangzi told me to stop this practice. " .