Born on January 27th, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria (during the Holy Roman Empire), his father, Leo Polder, was a violinist and composer of the court Catholic Orchestra in that city. His mother also loves music and can play the cello and violin. Mozart has many brothers and sisters. He is the seventh child in his family. He died in Vienna on December 5, 1791 at the age of 35. The most famous operas are The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan and The Magic Flute. Mozart is an Austrian composer, one of the representatives of classical music school in Vienna, Europe. As a model of classical music, he played a great role in the development of European music. Mozart wrote 549 works, including 22 operas, 41 symphonies, 42 concertos, a requiem, sonatas, chamber music, religious music and songs. Mozart is the founder of piano concertos, who has written 29 piano concertos plus K.17, and he has also made outstanding contributions to the development of European instrumental concertos. Opera is the mainstream of Mozart's creation. Like Gluck, Wagner and Verdi, Mozart is one of the four giants in the history of European opera. Together with Haydn and Beethoven, he wrote a glorious page for the European symphony. In addition, his Requiem has also become a valuable masterpiece in religious music. As a European composer at the end of the 18th century, Mozart's music profoundly reflected the spirit of this era, especially the thoughts of the civil class embodied in opera works, which was undoubtedly of progressive significance at that time. Mozart endowed music with beautiful and joyful singing, however, it contained deep sadness, which reflected the fate of intellectuals in Mozart's era.
First appearance (1762 ~ 1773)
Mozart was born in the family of a court musician. At the age of 3, he showed great musical talent. At the age of 4, he studied piano with his father and began to compose music at the age of 5 (1762 ~ 1773). In 1762, Mozart, at the age of 6, led by his father, made an experimental tour to Munich, Vienna and Pressburg and achieved success. From June 1763 to March 1773, they successively went to Germany, France, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries for a ten-year tour performance and achieved success. His works were positive in the early stage. These traveling performances have had a positive impact on Mozart's artistic development. He had the opportunity to get in touch with the most advanced music art in Europe at that time-Italian opera, French opera and German instrumental music. He also got to know composers J.C. Bach, G.B. Martini, G.B. Samartini, etc., and learned composition techniques from them, which enabled him to become a composer with the most extensive creative style in his time. Piano Mozart used in Vienna
During this period, Mozart published six sonatas of Harper Secord and violin (or flute) in London, and wrote three symphonies and operas, False Goodwill (1768), Bastian and Bastina (1768), Mitridat, King of Bendu (177) and Luzio Sila. Some works reflect his influence by J.C. Bach. The works of this period have shown the universality of Mozart's creative genre and his interest in opera creation.
Mature period (1774 ~ 1781)
At the end of 1773, Mozart returned to Salzburg to make up for the interrupted study of music and culture under the guidance of his father. At the same time, he created a large number of works by using the knowledge and materials gained during his travels. Including the operas The Fake Gardener (1775) and The Shepherd King (1775). The confirmed portrait of Mozart, 21-year-old 1777 Bologna
Mozart, who was an adult at this time, was dissatisfied with his humble slave status. In order to strive for personal and creative freedom, after fierce struggle, he finally got the consent of the archbishop in September 1777, and then traveled with his mother for two years. In order to find another job and leave Salzburg forever, he taught and performed in Munich and Mannheim, which further deepened his understanding and experience of the unequal system. When he was in Mannheim, he got the help and sympathy of some citizen musicians, and got in touch with the important Mannheim music school in Europe at that time, and heard the performance of the first-class orchestra. In May 1778, he returned to Paris. Due to the death of his mother and his failure to find a job, he had to return to Salzburg in January 1779. The bed that Mozart used
During this period, Mozart wrote two flute concertos, one oboe concerto, seven piano and violin sonatas and three piano sonatas in Mannheim, which reflected the influence of Mannheim school. In Paris, he also wrote Paris Symphony, Symphony Concerto, Orchestral Overture, Flute and Harp Concerto, Flute String Quartet, 4 Piano Variations and 4 Piano Sonatas. When I passed through Mannheim for the second time, I wrote three symphonies of religious music, symphonic concertos for violin and viola, serenades, divertimento, concertos for two pianos and concertos for three organs. In 178, he completed the creation of the opera Idomeno. During this period, Mozart's works were rigorous, which reflected the influence of the raging movement trend of thought at that time in content, and new elements appeared in form, such as the presentation of the first movement in sonata style, and the second (or more) theme that was compared with the first theme appeared in the reproduction department. In the reproduction department, the order of theme appearance was often changed, and sometimes the theme materials were treated differently from the presentation department, and there was a strong contrast between the first and second movements. These techniques have enhanced the drama of his music works and further formed the classical sonata form. Piano Mozart once used
Mozart's signature on the letter
Vienna period (1781 ~ 1791)
Mozart could no longer stand the insult of the archbishop and resolutely resigned from the archbishop to make a living in Vienna. He is the first composer in Austrian history who has the courage and determination to get rid of the court and church and safeguard personal dignity. However, although he was a freelance composer in name, he was still unable to resist the oppression of feudal society. The hardships of life had a profound impact on his thoughts and creation, and his 1 years in Vienna became the most important 1 years in his creation. In 1781, after he broke with the archbishop, he wrote the famous opera "Harem Temptation". The play premiered in July 1782 and was a great success. In 1782, he married Constance Weber, the daughter of a Mannheim musician, without his father's consent. Mozart forged a deep friendship with J Haydn who was in Vienna at that time. He learned from Haydn the experience of composing quartets and symphonies, and wrote six string quartets for Haydn. In 1784, he joined the "* * * aid society" (also known as the Brotherhood, which was founded by Napoleon in Egypt, proclaiming freedom, equality and brotherly love) and was a member of the eighth branch in Vienna. He enthusiastically participated in the activities of this secret religious group with the color of bourgeois enlightenment, and was strongly impressed by the idea of freedom, equality and fraternity advocated by it, and wrote many works under the inspiration of this idea. In 1785, the once closed Vienna National Theatre was restored, and Mozart had the opportunity to engage in opera creation. He wrote a farce, The Theater Manager (performed in 1786). In 1786, The Marriage of Figaro was completed and staged, which had a great influence and even became a household name in Prague. In 1787, Don Juan was completed and performed. In Vienna, Mozart discovered the works of J.S. Bach. He deeply studied and studied Bach's polyphonic techniques. This played an important role in his later creation. In April, 1789, Mozart, who was in poverty, led by his student, Duke Carl Lee Sinovsky, performed in Berlin, Dresden and Leipzig. Although it was a sensation, it failed to extricate him from his economic difficulties. In January 179, his opera "Woman's Heart" was staged. In February, when the emperor died, Mozart asked Leopold II, the successor of the emperor, to take over the position of L. Hoffman, the court musician, and was granted, but it was not realized. In 1791, he wrote the opera Tito's Kindness, which was unsuccessful. In September of the same year, he wrote the last opera "Magic Flute" and wrote a large-scale religious music work "Requiem" when he was seriously ill. Among them, because he was terminally ill, some of them were even written by ghostwriters, but they were not completely completed, so he died. After his death, he was buried in an unknown place in Vienna's poor cemetery at the age of 35.
Editing this life story
The confirmed portrait of Mozart at the age of 27 was painted in July 1783
In July p>1765, a newspaper in London, England, published a preview of the concert: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prodigy who could make all Europe and even all mankind proud. The 8-year-old boy amazed musicians and people of insight. His harpsichord performance, sight-reading ability and improvisation and composition with various musical instruments are amazing. The father of this gifted child, according to the earnest request of gentlemen and ladies, decided to extend the detention time. Therefore, you have the opportunity to enjoy the performance of this young composer and his sister ... On January 27th, 1756, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, into a family of court musicians. His father, Leopold Polder Mozart, was originally from Germany. He had seven children, but five of them died prematurely. Only the youngest son Wolfgang and his sister Anna survived and grew up tenaciously. Leopold is a well-respected violinist and composer. Mozart's extraordinary musical talent has long attracted his joy and attention. Once, when he returned to his home with a friend, he saw his 4-year-old son writing on staff paper. Father asked him what he was doing. The son replied solemnly, "I am composing music." The child's behavior made the two adults laugh at each other. Facing the crooked notes on the paper, they thought it was just a child's mischief. However, when the careful father carefully looked at his son's work, he suddenly cried to the guest with tears in his eyes: "Dear, come and see! How correct and meaningful it is! " Genius has begun his creative career! The first page of Mozart's letter to his wife Konstanze
In the long history of European music, it is not uncommon for people to show their musical talents since childhood. But it is really hard to find a precocious wizard like Mozart and a musician who can be recognized as a "prodigy" at such a young age. At the age of 3, he can play many pieces of music he has heard on the piano. At the age of 5, he can accurately identify the names of monosyllables, disyllables and chords played on any musical instrument, and even easily tell the pitch of cups, bells and other utensils when they collide ... Such a strong concept of absolute pitch is beyond the reach of most professional musicians all their lives. In order to make Mozart grow up quickly, Leopold made every effort to cultivate him carefully. The study and training of my son is extremely strict. Besides the complicated music theory and playing skills, there are Latin, French, Italian, English, literature and history. Since 1762, under the leadership of his father, 6-year-old Mozart and 1-year-old sister Nannerl have started touring the whole European continent. They have been to Munich, Frankfurt, Bonn, Vienna, Paris, London, Milan, Bologna, Florence, Naples, Rome, Amsterdam and many other places, and they have caused great sensation everywhere! In Vienna, Austria, they were invited by the emperor to perform in the palace. Mozart's childhood rewards
Behind the flowers, applause and cheers are hard work, harsh conditions and terrible tests. For the sake of money and honor, Leopold asked little Mozart to play in public at any time, no matter how tired the journey was. In order to publicize his son's genius, he made his children have to meet the unexpected and whimsical suggestions of the audience. For example, try to play difficult music on the spot that has never been touched before; Improvise the composition according to several bass sounds imagined by the audience temporarily, and immediately play according to the specified tonality. Cover the keyboard with multiple handkerchiefs without affecting the piano. Play your own works from beginning to end at a concert, and so on. Moreover, such performances almost always last for four or five hours. In 1772, 16-year-old Mozart finally ended his 1-year roaming life and returned to his hometown of Salzburg to be the chief musician in the Archbishop's court band. Although Mozart is a prodigy and enjoys great honor, in the eyes of the Archbishop, he is just an ordinary slave and a terrible slave. Because he has honor. Mozart, like his predecessor Haydn, had to wait for his master's orders in the lobby every day, and he might be reprimanded and abused by the archbishop at any time, even severely punished. However, Mozart is not Haydn after all, he has stronger self-esteem and independent and bold spirit. In order to get rid of the insult and control of the archbishop, he went out to perform again in 1777, hoping to find a place to stay and leave Salzburg forever. To our great surprise, this glittering darling, who once caused a sensation all over Europe, has hit a wall everywhere at the moment! A child prodigy has grown up and is no longer a child prodigy. The former child prodigy disappeared, although his talent increased in direct proportion to his age, but the real society gave him the cold shoulder mercilessly. He had to return to Salz.