Stock is a certificate of ownership issued by a joint-stock company, and it is a kind of valuable securities issued by a joint-stock company to all kinds of shareholders as a shareholding certificate to obtain dividends and bonuses. Each share represents the shareholder's ownership of the basic unit of the enterprise. Behind every stock is a listed company. At the same time, every listed company will issue shares.

Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company.

Stock is an integral part of the capital of a joint-stock company and can be transferred and traded. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market, but the company cannot be required to return its capital contribution.

Second, the stock entry procedures:

Investors must first open an account when investing in stocks. The account opening process includes two steps: one is to open a stock account; The second is to open a capital account.

I. Opening a stock account

Opening a stock account is a prerequisite for investors to enter the stock market. Matters needing attention in opening a stock account are as follows:

(1) required documents

1. My ID card; 2. To open a legal person stock account for the school, please show the original (or photocopy) of the business license and the legal person power of attorney.

(2) Cost

1. Application form: 2.00 yuan/piece.

2. Account opening fee: Shanghai stock account: 40 yuan/account; Shenzhen Stock Account: 50 yuan/Account.

(3) Operating procedures

1. Fill in the application form and pay the handling fee;

2. Submit relevant documents, application forms and account opening fee receipts to the counter undertaker;

3. After the undertaker verifies that the above materials are correct, the applicant takes back the relevant documents and receipts and gets the stock account card;

4. The stock account opening process is over.

Two. Open a capital account

Ordinary customers can not directly enter the stock exchange for on-site transactions, and should entrust securities companies or brokers to handle them on their behalf. Client entrustment transaction is the basic way of stock exchange transaction, which means that investors entrust securities companies or securities firms to buy and sell stocks on behalf of clients (investors) in the market. The trading procedures of stocks generally include several processes, such as account opening, entrusted trading, transaction, liquidation, delivery and transfer.

If you want to buy or sell stocks, you should first find a securities company with reliable reputation and excellent service as a broker. Investors should generally consider the following aspects when choosing a securities company:

1. It must be credible. This is the top priority for investors. Because investors themselves cannot enter the stock exchange to buy and sell stocks. At the same time, he can't fully understand the relevant information of stock trading. Undoubtedly, choosing a reliable securities company as a broker in the turbulent securities market will be an important prerequisite for ensuring the safety of its assets and making profits.

2. It is the securities companies that should get the seats in the stock exchange. Because only securities companies that have obtained seats in the stock exchange can send personnel to enter the stock exchange to engage in stock trading. Otherwise, securities companies can only entrust other brokers who have obtained seats to buy and sell. If so, it will increase the intermediate links of entrusted trading in vain and increase the cost of investors buying and selling stocks.

3. When choosing a securities company, investors should also consider whether the company's operating conditions are good, whether the staff's work efficiency is high, whether the company's trading facilities are complete and advanced, and whether the fees are reasonable.

When investors choose a securities as their own broker, the next step is to open a capital account in a securities company, that is, an account for entrusted trading. Its main function is to determine the credit of investors, indicating that investors have the ability to pay the price or commission for buying stocks.

When a customer opens an account and a stock investor entrusts a securities company or broker to buy and sell stocks on his behalf, he or she signs a contract with the securities company or broker to establish the relationship between entrustment and entrustment.

The main provisions for securities companies to accept clients' entrustment to buy and sell stocks are as follows:

1. A securities company may engage in brokerage business in the securities trading market only with the approval of the competent securities authority;

2. The agency securities company accepts the entrustment of buying and selling stocks, which is limited to the business institutions and branches of its headquarters and the agencies that have been approved by the competent securities authorities to act as agents for stock trading business.

Those who accept the entrustment of securities companies to buy and sell stocks are market representatives who must register with the stock exchange.

To entrust a securities company to handle stock trading, it must first register with the securities company and establish the relationship between entrustment and entrustment. The main contents of the register include: customer's name, gender, ID number, home address, occupation and contact telephone number, and keep the seal and signature sample card. The register of legal persons mainly includes the certificate of legal person, the power of attorney of legal person, the name of legal person and the name of securities company. In China and Shanghai, this kind of work is handled by Shanghai Stock Exchange. Investors issue ID cards and bankbooks to handle stock accounts. The stock account is similar to the stock passbook, which is not only the code card of shareholders, but also an effective certificate for shareholders to pay dividends and buy and sell stocks.

In Shenzhen, anyone who wants to buy stocks must first go through the deposit formalities in any professional bank (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and China Bank) and comprehensive bank (Shenzhen Development Bank) to determine the bank and account number so as to pay dividends in the future. This account can also be used as a special account for entrusted transaction funds to facilitate smooth settlement and delivery. Investors can apply for a shareholder code card from the registered transfer company with their ID card and passbook. Each investor can only create one code. When subscribing for new shares, entrusting transactions or transferring shares, investors must fill in their own codes on relevant documents.

According to China's current relevant regulations, securities companies have the right to refuse the following persons to open accounts:

(1)/kloc-adults under the age of 0/8 and persons without the permission of legal representative.

(2) Staff and employees of the competent securities authorities and stock exchanges.

(3) cadres of party and government organs and active servicemen.

(4) Employees of securities companies.

(5) Being declared bankrupt and not yet recovered.

(6) Without the permission of the competent securities authority or the stock exchange.

(7) The account opening entrusted by the legal person fails to provide the certificate of account opening authorized by the legal person.

(8) Being investigated for illegal securities trading for less than three years.

Generally speaking, in addition to answering inquiries from securities institutions, judicial organs, supervisory organs and stock exchanges, securities companies should keep all matters entrusted by customers strictly confidential. At the same time, securities companies must handle transactions according to the specific requirements entrusted by customers, and must not exceed the scope and authority entrusted by customers. However, under any of the following circumstances, the entrusted securities company will not accept it:

(1) discretionary securities trading.

(2) discretionary buying and selling.

(3) discretionary buying and selling, and determine the buying and selling price.

(4) discretionary trading.

(5) securities trading by installment.

(6) buying and selling customers by way of profit guarantee or profit sharing.

When a securities company accepts the entrustment of securities trading, it must first sign an entrustment contract with the client. The client must personally sign the entrustment contract and submit the original resident ID card and shareholder code card. If the client is a legal person, a copy of the legal person registration certificate, the legal power of attorney and the original identity card of the authorized person shall be attached. The entrustment contract shall specify the name, gender, age, native place, contact telephone number and address, resident identity card number and bank account number of the client, and the name, address and unified number of the legal person shall be specified. The effective time of the entrustment contract shall be agreed by both parties.

After opening an account, the relationship between investors and securities companies as authorizers and agents is basically determined. Investors, as authorizers, entrust securities companies to buy and sell stocks as agents, and securities companies, as agents, have the responsibility to seriously implement the entrustment of guest rooms and keep secrets for the entrusted matters of customers. If either party breaches the contract, it shall bear the liability for breach of contract.

Three, the stock entry formalities fee:

Purchase cost:

1. The commission is 0. 15%-0.3%, according to the decision of your securities company, but the minimum standard is 5 yuan. For example, if you buy shares of 1 000 yuan, the actual commission should be 3 yuan, but when you are not in 5 yuan, you will be charged according to 5 yuan.

2. transfer fees (Shanghai Stock Exchange only). Charge 1000 lots/yuan, charge 1 for the insufficient part, and add 1 gross for each additional lot.

3. Communication fee (not charged by most brokers). 0 yuan is charged for local transactions in Shanghai and Shenzhen, and 5 yuan is charged for other regions.

Cost of sales:

1. 0. 1% of stamp duty sales.

2. The commission is 0. 15%-0.3%, according to the decision of your securities company, but the minimum standard is 5 yuan.

3. transfer fees (Shanghai Stock Exchange only). Charge 1000 lots/yuan, charge 1 for the insufficient part, and add 1 gross for each additional lot.

4. Communication fee (not charged by most brokers). 0 yuan is charged for local transactions in Shanghai and Shenzhen, and 5 yuan is charged for other regions.