1. Wei Wenhou stresses integrity:

During the Warring States Period, the first king of the Wei State was named Wei Wenhou. Because he treated others with integrity, both officials and ordinary people respected him. , Wei Guo quickly became stronger.

Wei Wenhou was very honest. Once, he made an agreement with the people who managed the mountains and forests to go hunting and training in the countryside the next afternoon. The next day, a banquet was held after the court, and Wei Wenhou planned to go hunting and train his troops as soon as the banquet was over. However, when the banquet was coming to an end, it suddenly started pouring rain. It was almost noon, but the rain still didn't stop, and it was getting heavier and heavier. Wei Wenhou stood up and said to the ministers at the banquet: "I'm sorry, I have to leave." .

Hurry up and prepare your carriage and horses. I am going to the countryside to hunt and train my troops. There are people waiting for me there." When the ministers saw that the king was about to go out in the rain, they all came up to dissuade him. One said: "How can we go out when it rains so heavily?" The other said: "We can't hunt and train soldiers even if we go there!" Wei Wenhou looked at the sky and said: "Hunting and training soldiers are impossible, but we have to tell the person who manages the mountains and forests. People!" One of the ministers volunteered and said, "Well, I'll tell you right away." Marquis Wei Wen waved his hand and said, "Hold on, I had to tell you yesterday." I made an agreement with them in person, but now that I have broken the agreement, I have to apologize to them in person." After saying that, he strode out the door and headed to the residence of the mountain forest man in spite of the heavy rain.

2. "Superstar" Su Dongpo:

Su Dongpo has a large number of fans because of his outstanding talent, handsome appearance and graceful demeanor. Although Su Dongpo had a bumpy road to stardom, these loyal fans continued to follow him and never give up on him.

"Superstar" Su Dongpo When Su Dongpo was the magistrate of Hangzhou, he liked to visit the West Lake. One day, when Su Dongpo was visiting the West Lake, he suddenly saw a young and beautiful woman chasing him in a boat. Su Dongpo didn't know the purpose of his visit and was stunned for a moment. The woman said with great excitement that she had admired Su Dongpo since she was a child, but had never had the opportunity to meet him. Now she is married to a civilian wife. Today, seeing her idol with her own eyes has fulfilled her long-held wish. Afterwards, the beautiful fan played a guzheng piece to Su Dongpo and then sailed away. Su Dongpo was so moved that he wrote a song "Jiang Shenzi".

When Su Dongpo was exiled to Huangzhou, there was a fan named Li Qi who wanted Su Dongpo's signed calligraphy very much, but he never had the chance. Years later, Li Qi still couldn't get her idol's signature calligraphy. Seeing that Su Dongpo was about to be transferred out of Huangzhou, she was very anxious. On the day of his departure, Huangzhou officials held a farewell banquet for Su Dongpo, and the banquet was held at the hotel where Li Qi worked. It was such a God-given opportunity that Li Qi decided to take advantage of it. After three rounds of wine and five flavors of food, Su Dongpo was in full swing.

Seeing that the time was right, Li Qi held a wine glass and knelt before her idol. Then she took out her sweat towel and asked Su Dongpo to sign his calligraphy. Su Dongpo was very happy and asked Li Qi to get pen and ink. He waved his hand and wrote on the sweat towel: "Dongpo has lived in Huangzhou for seven years. Why has he been silent about Li Qi?" At this point, he threw down his pen and started talking to the guests again. laugh. Just write two sentences? This made Li Qi very anxious, so she knelt down again and begged Su Dongpo to continue. Su Dongpo laughed, and then wrote two sentences: "Just like the Du Gongbu in Xichuan, although Begonia is good, it leaves no poems." After the book was finished, all the guests present praised it, and Li Qi also fulfilled her long-cherished wish, and was so excited that she shed tears.

Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou when he was 59 years old. At that time, his neighbor Wen had a daughter named Wen Chaochao, who was 16 years old and as beautiful as a flower. At that time, 16 years old was already the age to discuss marriage, but Wen Chaochao had extremely high vision, and she refused to marry no matter how hard it was to propose marriage. It wasn't until Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou that she found the one she loved. She happily said to people: "Marry only Su Dongpo!" So, every night, Wen Chaochao ignored her ladylike image and climbed over the high wall to come to Su Dongpo. Listen to him reciting poetry at the window.

One night, Wen Chaochao was discovered by Su Dongpo outside the window. In panic, Wen Chaochao immediately jumped over the wall and ran home. Su Shi followed Wen's family and asked why. Father Wen reluctantly told Su Dongpo the truth. Su Dongpo was not a womanizer. He promised Wen's father that he would find a good home for Wen Chaochao.

But something unexpected happened, and soon Su Dongpo was demoted to Danzhou, Hainan, and the matter was settled. By the time Su Dongpo was pardoned and released and passed through Huizhou, Wen Chaochao had already died of depression.

In the imperial palace in the capital, there are also many fans of Su Dongpo. At that time, the empress dowager, queen, princess and many maids in the palace were all super fans of Su Dongpo. They were very angry at Su Dongpo's repeated demotions, but they were still powerless. During the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the "Wutai Poetry Case" occurred, and Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned.

Song Shenzong was also a loyal fan of Su Dongpo at the time. He was unhappy when he saw his idol in prison. Later, the Empress Dowager cried to Song Shenzong and used the ancestral motto of Song Renzong that "I will have two prime ministers for my descendants" to intercede for Su Dongpo. In the end, Song Shenzong decided to treat Su Dongpo lightly. The so-called "I have two prime ministers for my descendants" is actually a reflection of the former emperor Song Renzong's great love for Su Dongpo.

What is even more incredible is that there are fans of Su Dongpo outside the borders of the Song Dynasty. Once, Su Che, Su Dongpo's younger brother, went on a mission to the Liao State. In the Liao State, Su Che was surprised to find that people from the Liao State often asked him about Su Dongpo's situation. Later, Su Che wrote in a letter to Su Dongpo: "Whoever brings the family tree to the capital of Yan, everyone will ask Da Su." This shows that Su Dongpo also had great influence in the Liao Kingdom. At that time, there were two brothers in Korea who were also loyal fans of Su Dongpo. They were named Jin Fushi and Jin Fuzhe respectively. Shi and Zhe are exactly the names of Su Dongpo's brothers. This shows how much Su Dongpo is worshiped by foreigners.

3. Why Confucius liked Yan Hui:

Among Confucius’ disciples, Yan Hui probably had a poorer family. He lived in a simple alley with a bamboo basket of rice and a ladle of water. Others could not bear this kind of poverty, but Yan Hui was content with himself. For this, Confucius was full of praise and repeatedly said, "Xian Hui is a virtuous person." He is such a child from a poor background, but he studies very hard.

Confucius said: Yan Hui is probably the only one who listens to my story and always concentrates on it. Said: "What a pity to die! I only see him moving forward, never stopping." Yan Huizhen can be said to be a model of "study hard and make progress every day". There is probably no teacher who doesn't like such a student. Confucius is certainly no exception.

When Confucius taught, he focused on cultivating students' ability to draw inferences from one example and opposed rote memorization. This is what the saying goes: "If you don't repeat something from one example, it will never be repeated" ("The Analects of Confucius, Chapter 7"). In this regard, Yan Hui probably did a good job. In Zigong's words, it is called "Hui Ye hears one and knows ten." Regarding Confucius' knowledge, he was able to grasp its spiritual essence, integrate it and apply it consistently, not just draw inferences from one instance to other cases. What Confucius calls learning is actually not just reading.

The word "xi" in "Learn and learn from time to time", from my superficial understanding, means practice or practice. The word "benevolence" occupies a very important position in Confucius's teachings. Yan Hui asked about benevolence, and Confucius said: "To restrain oneself and restore propriety is benevolence."

Yan Hui asked Confucius to be more specific, and Confucius said four "don't do anything inappropriate", namely "don't look at anything that's not ritual, don't hear anything that's not ritual, don't speak anything that's not ritual, don't do anything that's not ritual". Yan Hui said: Although I am stupid, I must practice these teachings. It should be said that Yan Hui did a relatively good job. Among his fellow disciples, almost none of them was praised as "benevolent" by Confucius. When someone asked, Confucius also replied, "I don't know how to be benevolent." Yan Hui is an exception, and his reputation is quite high. Confucius said that others only thought of benevolence occasionally, but Yan Hui never violated benevolence for a long time. It can be regarded as "implementing the word "benevolence" into action and melting it in the blood."

Yan Hui admired Confucius's teachings with admiration. In his own words, it was called "Looking up makes you taller, drilling into it makes you stronger". Confucius said: Yan Hui did not help him at all, and there was nothing he said that he did not feel sincerely convinced. Whether this sentence is a criticism or a compliment to Yan Hui, anyone can probably tell.

This reveals a message: Yan Hui would only listen attentively and nod in agreement to what Confucius said.

Confucius probably also felt that this was not necessarily a good thing, so he once secretly observed and found that he was very able to use Confucius' words when discussing with others in private, so he said, "You are not stupid even when you return." But that's all. Yan Hui would never get to the bottom of what Confucius said, raise questions, let alone express his displeasure like Zi Lu, or even argue with him. Even if what Confucius said was contradictory, he would not Will express doubts.

4. Wen Tianxiang: Brothers with different ambitions

Wen Tianxiang had a younger brother named Wen Xishan, who was still an official in Huizhou at the time. He saw that the Song Dynasty was in decline and did not want to cheer up. , but are willing to be charming and make enemies. In May of the following year after Wen Tianxiang was captured, he surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, and then went to Yanjing to show off in the city on horseback.

When Wen Tianxiang heard the news in Yandu Prison, he beat his chest and screamed loudly, scolding his brother Wen Xishan for having no spine. After crying, I wrote a poem with my own pen:

Last year I left Shi Chuling, but this year you come to Yan. One brother is a prisoner and the other is a horseman. They have the same father and mother but different origins. Poor flesh and blood are separated, and the world is less than fifty years old. The three benevolent people have their own ambitions in life and death, and the long day is full of smoke.

Wen Tianxiang also had an older brother named Wen Tianzhen. During the Baohu period, he was elected to the provincial level and also served as an official. Later, due to the death of his younger brother Wen Tianxiang, he no longer wanted to be an official and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Born to the same mother, the three brothers have taken very different paths in life, which is inseparable from their different moral beliefs and life pursuits.

5. Qu Yuan:

In fact, it may not be appropriate to describe Qu Yuan as a late bloomer, but I think the peak of Qu Yuan's literary achievements was indeed relatively late. This is related to his rough experience. In his early years, Qu Yuan wanted to be a loyal minister who would be loyal to his emperor and serve his country. He might not have been able to devote much energy to literature, but he was ostracized in the political arena. It was only after he was exiled that the great "Li Sao" came out.

In the twenty-fourth year of King Huai’s reign, Qin and Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ji, and Chu State completely fell into the arms of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Yingdu and arrived in northern Han Dynasty. , Thirty years after King Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Yingdu. In the same year, Qin invited King Huai to meet at Wuguan. King Huai was detained by Qin and eventually died in Qin. After King Xiang of Chu came to the throne, he continued to implement the surrender policy. Qu Yuan was expelled from Yingdu again and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, wandering between Yuan and Xiang. Between two waters. In the 21st year of King Xiang of Chu (62 years old), Qin general Bai Qi attacked the capital of Ying. Qu Yuan was so sad and angry that he sank into the Miluo River and sacrificed his political ideals.

The poet had spent most of his life writing "Li Sao". In order to realize his political ideals, he was constantly squeezed and attacked by the decadent aristocratic group. At this time, he was exiled again and reached the point where he had no way to save the country; and the Chu State was also brought from a promising country to the verge of destruction. Desperate situation. The poet looked forward and backward, and was filled with emotion. He melted his deep feelings of persisting in struggle and failing to realize his patriotic ideals into this exciting poem.

"Li Sao" shows the poet's fighting spirit of dedicating himself to the motherland for his lofty ideals through the poet's unremitting struggle throughout his life and his steadfast action of sacrificing his ideals; it also expresses the poet's deep feeling of sharing the same fate with the motherland and the survival of the country. His patriotism; it also showed his glorious and pure personality that loves progress and hates darkness.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Wei Wenhou

Baidu Encyclopedia - Su Dongpo

Baidu Encyclopedia - Yan Hui

Baidu Encyclopedia - Wen Tianxiang

Baidu Encyclopedia - Qu Yuan