Selfish, profit-oriented, practicing favoritism, benefiting oneself at the expense of others, and refusing to save others.

1. Selfishness

Vernacular definition: only plan for oneself and seek benefits for oneself, regardless of others and the collective.

Source: "Jin Shu·Panni Biography": "The connection between sorrow and disaster must be born from selfishness and thrive from desire."

Dynasty: Tang

Translation: The collision between worries and worries will inevitably lead to only planning for oneself first, and then generate benefits.

2. Profit-seeking

Vernacular interpretation: also referred to as profit-seeking. Focusing on profit and not caring about anything else: benefiting oneself at the expense of others, ~ is the nature of a capitalist.

Source: · "Baopuzi": "Being greedy and only seeking profit."

Dynasty: Jin

Author: Ge Hong

Translation: The heart is greedy and dirty, focused on profit and not caring about anything else.

3. Favoritism

Vernacular meaning: favoritism: to follow music; dance: to dance, to play tricks. Using deception to do illegal and disorderly things for the sake of personal relationships.

Source: "Water Margin": "Who would think that this group of officials is greedy and cheats for personal gain."

Dynasty: Ming Dynasty

Author: Shi Nai'an

4. Benefit oneself at the expense of others

Vernacular interpretation: causing others to suffer losses and benefiting oneself.

Source: ·The first 50% of "Chenzhou Rice": "What you do is not upright, and you only want to benefit yourself at the expense of others and make people hate you."

Dynasty: Yuan

Author: Anonymous

Translation: Everything you do is unfair, causing others to suffer losses and benefiting yourself.

5. Seeing death without rescuing someone

Vernacular meaning: Seeing someone in danger but not going to the rescue.

Source: · "Save Feng Chen": "You are so stubborn that you don't want to save someone, but you are not ashamed to kill the white horse and the black cow in the peach orchard.

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Dynasty: Yuan

Author: Guan Han