USD

The US dollar (UNITED STATES DOLLAR), commonly known as US dollars, is the currency of the United States, and its currency symbol is USD. The U.S. dollar banknotes currently in circulation are various versions of banknotes issued since 1929, mainly Federal Reserve Notes. Its banknote denominations are 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 yuan, and its coin denominations are 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 cents and 1 yuan.

------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------

The U.S. dollar, also known as the U.S. dollar, is the official currency of the United States. currency. It came into being due to the passage of the United States Coinage Act of 1792. It is also widely used as a reserve currency in countries outside the United States. The current issuance of U.S. dollars is controlled by the U.S. Federal Reserve System. The most commonly used symbol for dollars is "$", while the symbol used for cents is "￠". The ISO 4217 standard code for the U.S. dollar given by the International Organization for Standardization is USD.

------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------

Summary

< p> A dollar is divided into 100 cents. In the beginning, the finer division was the mill, with one dollar divided into 1,000 mills. This unit is no longer used. The right to issue U.S. dollars belongs to the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The department in charge is the U.S. Treasury, and the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank is responsible for the specific issuance business. Since 1929, U.S. dollar banknotes have been printed by the Federal Reserve System. There are currently seven types of banknotes in circulation: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1 yuan, as well as 1 yuan and 50, 25, 10, 5, and 1 cent coins. Historically, bills have been issued in denominations of $500, $1,000, and even $10,000. Of these, $10,000 is not in circulation among the public; it is used for financial transactions between the Federal Reserve Bank and the U.S. Treasury Department.

Banknotes

Dollar banknotes are made from cotton fibers and hemp. The long cotton fibers make the paper less likely to break, absorb ink well, and resist color fading. The hemp fiber is strong and tough, making the paper stiff, durable and lint-free, and has certain resistance to water, oil and some chemicals. There is no whitening agent added to the U.S. dollar paper, it is white and does not reflect light under a purple light. Since 1880, U.S. dollar bills have been filled with red and blue fibers that were mixed with pulp during papermaking. Therefore, some fiber threads are sandwiched in the paper, and some are floating on the surface. The fiber threads can be picked out with the tip of a needle. Before 1928, red and blue fibers were distributed in the center of the banknote, a long and narrow strip from top to bottom. In all editions from 1928 onwards, fiber silk covers the entire edition. Since 1990, a security thread made of a polyester polymer called "Mylar" has been added to the US dollar paper (on the left side of the portrait). The security thread has a dollar symbol and denomination number, which are clearly visible under light. . The ink on the front of the US dollar is slightly darker and slightly gray, and the back is green. In all editions after 1934, magnetic substances were added to the ink. The magnetic real U.S. dollar bills were specially made with special inks such as fluorescent ink and magnetic ink. Therefore, the green emblem and green number on the right side of the front side of the U.S. dollar bill were wiped hard on the white paper. Can leave "green marks" on the surface. Some U.S. dollars issued after 1996 will appear black and green depending on the angle of light. The main pattern of the U.S. dollar is engraving and gravure printing, while the library seal and serial number are embossed. After the 1990 edition, microtext is added around the lower portrait window.

------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------

Form mark

On U.S. dollar banknotes, we can often see various marks made of letters, numbers, or patterns. Some of them are used to identify the authenticity of U.S. dollar banknotes, and some are even just used to promote religious beliefs. .

Generally, there is a slogan "In God We Trust" in a prominent position on the U.S. dollar (coins are just below the character's portrait, and banknotes are generally above the center line on the back). This inscription first appeared on the two-cent coin in 1864. Since 1955, Congress has made it the official national slogan. This slogan is now required by law to appear on all U.S. coins and paper banknotes. It first appeared in paper currency with the 1957 series of 1-dollar "Silver Certificates" and began to appear in the 1963 series of "Federal Reserve Notes."

TREASURY SEAL. The U.S. Treasury seal is printed on the bottom of the U.S. dollar bill, and the Treasury seal of the Federal Reserve Note is printed on the right. The treasury seal of other types of coupons is on the left in 1928. From the 1934 edition, it is always printed on the right.

The early Ku seals were circular with forty teeth on the periphery. Each tooth was uniform in thickness and size. There was a Latin word "THESAUR AMER SEPTENT SIGIL" in the circle inside the circle. The center of the circle was a shield. The shield It is divided into upper and lower parts by an inverted V. The upper part is a scale with 32 dots distributed around it. There are 13 five-pointed stars in the inverted V. The lower part is a key with a keyhole. T" shape, with 17 dots around it, and 49 dots in the entire shield. Since the 1969 edition, the library seal has been further simplified, and the text has been changed to English "THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, 1789" (Ministry of Finance, 1789). The pattern on the periphery of the shield has been cancelled. The upper half has 22 dots and the lower half has 17. dots, ***39 dots. The 1928 and 1934 editions were Daku seals with a diameter of 20 mm. The 1935 edition and subsequent editions were all changed to Xiao Ku seals with a diameter of 16 mm, and the patterns and text remained unchanged. There are five colors of treasury seals: green, blue, yellow, red, and brown, which vary according to the type of coupon. Above the bank seal is the place name of the capital "WASHINGTON, D.C."

For each federal bank and its corresponding city, code, and letter, please refer to:

Boston A 1; New York B 2; Philadelphia C 3; Cleveland D 4; Richmond E 5; Atlanta F 6; Chicago G 7; St. Louis H 8; Minneapolis I 9; Kansas J 10; Dallas K 11; San Francisco L 12

BANK SEAL. In addition to the Treasury seal, the U.S. dollars printed by the Federal Reserve Bank also have the bank seals of different federal banks, but other types of notes do not. The bank seal indicates the bank that issued the note. The bank seal is a black circle with a diameter of 16 mm and thirty teeth on the periphery. There are two circles of text inside the circle. The outer circle is the name of the Federal Reserve Bank, and the inner circle is the name of the city. In the center of the bank print is the bank's code letter (the letter is the same as the first letter of the serial number). The 1934 edition and previous editions are printed in large lines, with no teeth on the periphery and a diameter of 19 mm. The 1950 edition and subsequent editions are printed in small lines, 16 mm in diameter.

QUADRANT NUMBER. The 1963 edition and subsequent editions of the U.S. dollar printed thirty-two banknotes on a large paper, but there were only 26 letters, which was not enough, so a large paper was first divided into four sections, and eight bills were printed in each section. Examine the letters (A-H) that represent each banknote in a certain opening position. If it is four-open, press the number 1-4, which is called the four-open number. Use small characters to print on the upper left corner and check the lower right corner of the letters. For example, C2 means that the ticket was in the third position of the second draw when it was printed.

Publication number (PLATE NUMBER). There is a small number printed on the right side of the check letter in the lower right corner of the front of the U.S. dollar bill, or below the check letter, which is the front version number. The number on the lower right side of the back, or in the middle right, is the version number on the back.

It consists of one or two initial letters plus 8 numbers and a last letter. The law stipulates that each number can only appear once, so the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States sometimes prints dollars with an asterisk at the end of the serial number (called a star (Star Nots)) to make up for the temporary currency shortage. There is no difference between a U.S. dollar marked with a star and any other U.S. dollar bill of the same type.

The coupon type is printed on the top of the front of the note, see below for the different versions of U.S. dollar bills throughout history.

------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------

Differences in U.S. Dollars in History Version

The United States was using paper money before the Declaration of Independence was issued. The monetary history of the United States can be traced back to 1690. The Massachusetts Colony issued its first currency to cover the cost of military expeditions. This practice soon spread to other colonies, but because hand-engraved copper plates were easy to wear and needed constant revision, Therefore, it was impossible to maintain the consistency of the finished product. As a result, criminals had an opportunity to take advantage of it. Eventually, counterfeit banknotes spread everywhere, and these tickets were quickly discarded.

In 1764, after years of restrictions on the currency of the North American colonies, the British authorities finally issued a ban on the issuance of currency in the colonies. Later, due to the War of Independence against Britain, the North American colonies consumed a lot of funds, and a large amount of gold and silver were collected by Britain as taxes, resulting in a lack of domestic funds in the United States. In order to raise funds, the Continental Congress (the United States Continental Congress), the union power of the 13 colonies, held a meeting in Massachusetts on May 10, 1775 and approved the issuance of a certifier with a total value of two million dollars on June 22. The banknotes exchanged for Spanish silver dollars were called Continental Congress. However, due to the emergence of counterfeit banknotes soon, its practical value was very small, so that in common parlance, worthless things were called "worse than a mainland coin." The notes were replaced in 1781 by bank notes (notes issued by a bank and freely exchangeable for metallic currency within the bank).

On December 31, 1781, the Bank of North America in Philadelphia became the first national bank and received a note-issuing charter. After the U.S. Constitution was promulgated in 1789, the Bank of New York and Providence were also chartered to issue currency (until 1836). On July 6, 1785, Congress officially approved the dollar as the legal currency unit. In 1791, Congress chartered the "Bank of the United States" to serve as the treasury agent of the U.S. Department of the Treasury for twenty years. It was the first bank to perform the functions of a central bank for the government and continued to operate until 1811, when Congress refused to renew the bank's charter. Recognizing the need for a central banking system to cater to the nation's financial needs, Congress chartered a second "Bank of the United States" in 1816 to serve as agent for another twenty years. In 1877, the Treasury Department's Bureau of Engraving and Printing began printing all U.S. currency.

In 1861, in order to raise the costs of the Civil War, Congress legislated to authorize the Treasury Department to directly issue 450 million yuan in "demand notes" that were not guaranteed by coins or gold and were not cashable. For the purpose of preventing counterfeiting, it uses green ink that is difficult to reproduce photographically (silver halide sensitizer is the least sensitive to green light). For technical reasons, the back of the banknote uses a darker green than the front, which is why it is called "green". Greenback (as we still call the dollar today). Strictly speaking, it was the first U.S. currency to be widely circulated. It is called federal notes, also known as government notes (United State Notes). Its library number and serial number are both red. Each "demand note" is personally signed by the agent of the Registrar of the Treasury and the Federal Treasurer. This impractical measure inspired new regulations that allowed the Registrar and the Secretary of the Treasury to plate their signatures on currency. This measure was implemented with the first series of government bonds issued in 1862.

According to the 1861 U.S. legislation, the Treasury Department issued Treasury Notes (TREASURY NOTE). There were only two versions, the 1890 and 1891 versions. Silver and gold could be purchased with this note at that time.

From 1862 to 1864, the National Bank Act allowed banks designated by states to issue banknotes with U.S. Treasury bonds as reserves, called National Bank Notes (NATIONALCURRENCY). The bank seal and serial number were brown, also known as National coupons or national circulation coupons. There are many types of banknotes. There are about 1,600 state and private banks issuing currency and more than 7,000 legal tenders with different appearances. All private and state banks chartered to issue banknotes were required in 1863 to participate in the national banking system or pay a 10% tax on banknotes.

In 1908, a supplementary bill was added, allowing the National Bank to issue banknotes with bonds other than U.S. Treasury bonds as reserves. Later, there were two main versions of national securities issued by the Federal Reserve Bank and the National Bank: the version issued by the National Bank had a serial number of 6 digits, and there were two or four black numbers printed in bold fonts on the left and right sides of the front. The serial number is an 8-digit number; the name of the Federal Reserve Bank is printed on the left side of the front of the banknote, and four diagonally black regional letters are printed on the left and right sides, which are issued by the Federal Reserve Bank. The earlier issued national bonds were signed by four responsible persons, the two upper corners were signed by the Minister of Finance and the Treasurer, and the two lower corners were signed by the Treasurer and the President. The bonds were withdrawn and no longer issued on July 1, 1935. After 1928, another 1929 version was issued, which was a $660 million banknote issued by the U.S. Treasury Department in the form of national bonds in December 1942 in order to raise military expenditures during World War II.

In order to redeem gold, the U.S. government began to issue gold certificates (GOLD CERTIFICATES) in 1870. Their treasury seal and serial number are yellow, and they are also called gold dollar certificates. The words "The holder can use this to redeem gold coins" are printed on the face of the coupon. It is a currency issued by the United States Treasury that is backed by 100% gold. From the end of the Civil War until 1933, gold certificates were freely redeemable for gold coins and circulated as part of the U.S. money supply. With the collapse of the gold standard in 1931, gold coupons stopped being redeemable for gold in 1933.

In order to prevent the smuggling of silver out of the country, the United States began to issue silver certificates (SILVERCERTIFICATES) in 1878. The treasury seal and serial number are blue, also known as silver dollar certificates. Issued in accordance with laws passed in 1878 and 1886, it could be exchanged for silver coins of equivalent value. Later, due to the rise in silver prices, from June 24, 1968, silver dollar certificates could no longer be exchanged for silver. In addition, there is a silver coupon with a yellow serial number printed in blue, which was a military coupon used by the U.S. Army in North Africa during World War II. The yellow seal is different from the blue seal and can be invalidated in case it falls into the hands of the enemy. After the war, many yellow-stamped bills were widely circulated and used like other coupons.

During the Korean War, the United States issued a kind of military ticket in South Korea. The words "Military War Zone Reimbursement Voucher" were printed on the ticket, which was limited to use in war zones and was not used for general currency circulation. This kind of ticket was declared invalid on May 25, 1954. In addition, there are Hawaii coupons, which are not an independent coupon type. Instead, they are printed with the words "HAWAll" in black on existing coupon types (Federal Reserve coupons and silver coin coupons), and on the back are hollow "HAWAll" in larger fonts. HAWAll" is printed across the middle of the banknote. The library seal and serial number are brown. It was originally used in the Hawaiian Islands and later circulated everywhere.

The various banknotes issued from 1861 to 1928 mentioned above are larger in size, 178mmx73mm in size regardless of type and denomination. The U.S. Treasury Department ordered the withdrawal in 1922, but Remains legal tender in the United States and is redeemable at U.S. banks. On December 23, 1913, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act establishing the Federal Reserve System. According to the provisions of the "Act", the country is divided into 12 Federal Reserve Districts. Each district establishes a Federal Reserve Bank in a designated central city (Federal Reserve City). There are 12 Federal Reserve Banks across the country, which perform the functions of the central bank. , so there are 12 Federal Reserve Banks in the United States that perform central bank functions. , the Federal Reserve Board was established in Washington, the capital, as the highest leadership agency. The Federal Reserve Bank began to issue Federal Reserve Bank Notes (FEDERAL RESERVEBANK NOTES) as legal tender on November 16, 1914, in exchange for National Bank Notes. From June 12, 1945, such notes were withdrawn and no longer issued. At the same time, a type of Federal Reserve Notes (FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES) was issued as a large amount of daily currency. According to regulations, Federal Reserve notes should be fully guaranteed, and their collateral is gold or government bonds, senior or short-term commercial securities. Its serial number and library seal are green. At present, 99% of what we have access to are Federal Reserve Notes, and the others include a small amount of government bonds and silver coin certificates.

------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------

Coins

< p> There are 6 denominations of coins in circulation in the United States: 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 25 cents, half dollar, and 1 dollar. In the history of the United States, the heads of 6 famous presidents have appeared on these 6 denominations of coins. superior. The 1-cent pattern is a well-known side profile of President Lincoln in American history. It was issued on the 100th anniversary of Lincoln's birth (1909); the 5-cent pattern commemorates the third president of the United States, Jefferson, the drafter of the Declaration of Independence. Issued on the 130th anniversary of leaving office and returning to his former home (1938); the 10-cent pattern was issued on the first anniversary of the death of President Roosevelt (1946), who implemented the "Roosevelt New Deal"; 25-cent is the most common minor currency in the United States and is the founding symbol of the United States. Issued on the 200th anniversary of the birth of President Washington (1932); the half dollar coin was originally the Statue of Liberty in the United States. What is commonly seen now is the head of Kennedy, the youngest president in American history. In 1963, Kennedy was unfortunately assassinated. In order to commemorate him , the United States switched to using Kennedy's face as the half dollar pattern in 1964; the 1 dollar coin has two patterns, one is the one issued in 1961 that uses President Eisenhower's head pattern, because the outer diameter of this coin is too large (diameter 38.1 mm, commonly known as The large dollar bill ($1) was very inconvenient to circulate and use. Therefore, the small dollar bill (with a diameter of 26.5 mm, smaller than the outer diameter of a half dollar) was re-issued in 1981, and the pattern was changed to Susan, an American feminist movement activist. ·Anthony's profile picture. On November 18, 1999, the golden dollar US dollar coin (nicknamed the golden dollar) was launched at the Philadelphia Mint for the first time. The image shows an Indian woman "Sacagawea" carrying her infant son "Baptiste" on her back. {Jean Baptiste}" .To honor Native American women and their contributions to the United States.

-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------

Secret Emblem

There are some secret emblems in less conspicuous places on U.S. dollar coins to indicate their identity. Below the person on the obverse, there will be a capital letter indicating which mint it was made by. Its meaning is as follows:

P PHILADELPHIA Mint (PHILADELPHIA MINT)

D Denver Mint (DENVER MINT)

p>

S San Francisco Mint (SAN FRANCISCO MINT)

W West Point Mint (WEST POINT MINT)

The commonly referred to as P version, D version of U.S. dollars, etc. They are versions from different mints, and they may have minor differences in details.

Full Chinese name: US dollar

Currency conversion

1 US dollar = 100 cents

Currency values: 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 Fenhe 1 yuan

Text introduction

National flag:

The Stars and Stripes. It consists of 7 red, 6 white and 13 wide strips. There are 50 white five-pointed stars in 9 rows in the blue rectangle on the side of the flagpole. The 13 wide stripes symbolize the original 13 states of the United States. The number of five-pointed stars corresponds to the number of states in the United States. Red symbolizes strength and courage, white symbolizes purity and innocence, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice. June 14th every year is "American Flag Day".

National Emblem:

The colors and stripes on the shield have the same meaning as the national flag. The bald eagle is a symbol of strength, courage, freedom and immortality. The crown is set with 13 five-pointed stars symbolizing the original 13 states of the United States. The eagle holds an olive branch and arrows in its talons, symbolizing peace and force. The ribbon held in the beak of the eagle has the words "E Plurus Unum" written in Latin.

Coin name: country name

Country name: United States of America

Country Chinese abbreviation: United States

Country English name: The United States of America

State: America

Area: 9,372,614 square kilometers

Capital: Washington, District of Columbia

Capital: Washington, District of Columbia

p>

English name of the capital: Washington D.C.

Brief introduction and history

Located in the center of North America, its territory also includes Alaska in the northwest of North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the central Pacific.

It was originally an Indian settlement. At the end of the 15th century, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Britain and other countries began to immigrate to North America. By 1773, Britain had established 13 colonies. The War of Independence broke out in 1775. The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776, officially proclaiming the establishment of the United States of America.

------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------

Style

< p>The US$1 is printed on the founding father of the United States - the 1st and 2nd US Presidents - George Washington;

The US$2 is printed on the 3rd US President Jefferson;

$5 is Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President who abolished slavery in the United States;

$10 is Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States

$20 is the 7th U.S. President President Andrew Jackson

On the $50 is the 18th President Ulysses Grant Glenn.

The face on the hundred-dollar bill is not the president, but the famous scientist, financier, and politician Franklin, because he drafted the famous "Declaration of Independence" during the American Revolutionary War

Word".