The main content of the Kuomintang's Baojia system: Ten people are in one Jia, with a Jia chief. There is one security guard for each of the ten, and there is one security chief. The actual operation may be slightly flexible between cities and rural areas and various regions. In cities, each house number is regarded as one household. If there are more than two households in the same house number, it is still counted as one household.

The head of the household is chosen from each household in the house. According to the provisions of the "Draft Interim Measures for Nanjing Urban Grouping Baojia", in Nanjing urban area, "Twenty-five households are one A, and twenty-five A are one Bao". Those below the household level will be merged into the neighboring Jia; those above fifteen Jia will set up a separate guarantee, and those below fourteen Jia will be merged into the neighboring bailout."

In February 1938, the Executive Yuan promulgated the "Key Points for Attention in Organizing Joint Protection Conferences in Extraordinary Periods" stipulating: "In cities, many of the neighbors do not know each other, or there are more residents than natives, and it is difficult to distinguish the good from the bad. If the two parties do not want to jointly guarantee the property, they may order five households from each of them to sign a joint guarantee, or have two well-established businesses or wealthy households in the county or city, or two current civil servants, issue guarantees, and their responsibilities will be the same as those of the joint guarantee.”< /p>

Extended information:

The origin and end of the Baojia system:

The Baojia system is not only an ancient household registration management system, it originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty and was finalized in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was established in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, perfected in the Northern Song Dynasty, developed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and continued in the Republic of China for three thousand years.

The vassal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty were divided into states and wilderness, that is, the dominant position was in the country, and the ruled areas were in the wilderness. The state was divided into six townships, and the wilderness was divided into six areas. "The Rites of Zhou·Di Guan·Da Situ" "Let the five families be compared so that they can protect each other; the five families can be compared to each other so that they can enjoy each other; the four houses can be called clans so that they can bury each other;

Five The clan is a party, so that they can help each other; the five parties are states, so that they can help each other; the five states are townships, so that they can be guests. Li, four Li is Feng, five Fou is Bi, five Bi is county, and five counties is Sui." This is called the Liusui system.

One of the Shang Yang Reforms in the Warring States Period required residents to register their household registration, and implemented the practice of connecting five households as "Wu" and ten households as "Shi", and treating "Wu" and "Shi" as basic units. In the Tang Dynasty, four families were called "neighbors", five neighbors were called "guarantees", and hundreds of households were called "li"; The "Baojia Regulations" were promulgated, which pushed the Baojia system to the height of political and military management, that is: "the people are not the same" and "recruiting soldiers to protect the armor".

Rural households in various places, regardless of the main household customers, every ten households (later changed to five households) formed a guarantee, the five guarantees were one big guarantee, and the ten major guarantees were one dubao; in the Yuan Dynasty, twenty households were considered Yi Jia, assuming Jia is born. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mongolia implemented the thousand-household system, which stipulated that every ten households should have a ten-household chief, every hundred households should have a hundred-household chief, and every thousand households should have a thousand-household chief. From bottom to top, every layer is subordinate.

“So the system of one generation was prepared, and within a hundred years, descendants would have their own registrations.” , the remaining 100 households are called Jia, with ten people in Jia, one person in charge of the annual service, one person in charge of Jia, Dong, one li and one Jia, the affairs of each li and Jia are sequentially based on the amount of ding grain, and every ten years, one week is called the year."

In the first year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1644), the Baojia system was implemented in Zhili, Shanxi, and Shandong. In the 47th year of Kangxi (1708), the original two-level Baojia system was changed to the three-level system of Pai, Bao, and Jia. In the 22nd year of Qianlong's reign (1757), it was stipulated that "Jia Chang will be replaced in three years" and "Bao Chang will be replaced in one year".

The basic form of the baojia system is the decimal system: ten households are jia, ten jia are bao, and ten bao are townships. In view of the different geographical, transportation and economic conditions of various places, the specific implementation is flexible.

“The establishment of A is based on the principle of ten households, and it must not be less than six and more than fifteen households”; “The establishment of Ba is based on the principle of ten households, and it must not be less than six and more than fifteen households.” "The division of towns and villages is based on the principle of ten guarantees, which must not be less than six guarantees and more than fifteen guarantees.";

The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the monarchy. During the Republic of China, the National Government still followed the old feudal system of the past dynasties. February 1937 The Nanjing Executive Yuan announced that the amendments to the "Baojia Regulations" will be implemented nationwide.

Baojia is organized on a household-by-household basis, with a household chief; ten households are called Jia, with a chief; But they are not unified, such as the "Pai, Jia system" in Guangdong, the "Village Jia system" in Guangxi, and the "Tuan, Jia system" in Yunnan. After Japan surrendered in some places in the north, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, they implemented In land reform, the people are the masters of the country.

It was not until the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 that the old feudal system of thousands of years came to an end.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Baojia System