[Edit this paragraph] function
Ordinary credit card * * * features
Spend first, then pay.
Usually, there is no deposit function, and interest is not calculated for overpayment.
Sales transactions have interest-free repayment treatment, which is generally conditional on full payment within 20-30 days after settlement in the current month.
Generally, interest is calculated by one-day interest and monthly compound interest.
It is issued by the bank.
There is a minimum repayment amount.
For those who fail to repay with the minimum repayment amount on schedule, penalty interest or late payment fee shall be levied; Those who maliciously overdraw shall be punished as fraud.
There is no national personal credit reporting agency, so the audit is more complicated. In addition to providing identification documents, it is often necessary to provide proof of work, property, financial resources and sometimes a guarantee.
A kind of credit card called "quasi-credit card" has the following characteristics: interest is calculated according to deposit, and there is no interest-free repayment period. It can also be regarded as an overdraft ATM card.
Hong Kong
It is issued by the bank.
There is a minimum repayment amount.
You can use your ID card.
Some banks' ATMs can insert credit card "Check Balance" to list the bill information of the previous period, which is convenient for repayment at any time.
Generally speaking, card opening and gift giving are richer than those in other countries, but it is often required that the card cannot be returned within a certain period of time.
Generally, the annual fee will be waived when the card is opened (from one year). As long as there is usage in the future, as long as you contact customer service every year, most of them may continue to be free of annual fees.
Taiwan Province Province, China
It is issued by the bank.
There is a minimum repayment amount.
With dual certificates (ID card and another valid government certificate), besides students, they will also need work or financial proof.
There are many kinds of gifts when opening a card, and there are many mechanisms to give back to customers when paying by credit card.
There is no annual fee for opening more cards (from one year). In the future, as long as there is annual usage and contact customer service, most of them may continue to be free of annual fees.
As of June 2008, 65438+ 10, the total number of valid circulation cards was19,854,788. [ 1]
[Edit this paragraph] Classification
According to card issuers: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, JCB, Discover (USA), United Credit Card (Taiwan Province Province), Diners' Card, NETS (Singapore), BC Card (Korea), China UnionPay Card (Chinese mainland), Banknetvn (Vietnam), etc.
By currency: single currency card and dual currency card.
According to credit rating: ordinary card (silver card), gold card, platinum card, unlimited card, etc.
According to whether it is jointly issued, it can be divided into joint card, standard card (non-joint card) and ID card.
According to the shape and material of the card: standard card, mini card, irregular card, transparent card, etc.
According to information storage media: magnetic stripe card, chip card.
According to the relationship between cards: main card and auxiliary card.
According to the identity of the cardholder: personal card, official card, company card.
In addition, the scope of credit cards in Chinese mainland is different from that in the world. Credit cards in Chinese mainland broadly refer to credit cards and quasi-credit cards; In a narrow sense, it refers to credit cards. In other words, Chinese mainland's narrow sense of credit card is consistent with international credit card. [2]? Credit cards in Chinese mainland include credit cards, quasi-credit cards and debit cards. International credit cards only refer to credit cards in Chinese mainland.
The difference between the three is that credit card holders can overdraw their consumption without depositing in advance in their accounts, and then repay according to bank regulations, and can enjoy an interest-free period for a certain period of time. Debit card is, after all, a kind of savings card, which requires deposit before consumption and cannot be overdrawn. Quasi-credit card is a credit card that can be overdrawn conditionally and limitedly through some kind of guarantee or deposit under the condition of imperfect social credit information system. This "China characteristic" credit card is withdrawing from the financial field.
apply for
In most cases, citizens with full capacity for civil conduct (citizens aged 65,438+08 in Chinese mainland), college students with or without direct financial resources can apply for credit cards from the issuing bank. Sometimes, legal persons can also act as applicants. The application method is generally to fill in the credit card application form and submit certain copies of documents and certificates to the issuing bank. A credit card contract is attached to the application form. The applicant authorizes the issuing bank or relevant departments to investigate the relevant information, and submit the information authenticity statement and the privacy protection policy of the issuing bank. , and must have the applicant's autograph.
Activate bank card
Because the credit card application is approved by post, there is no guarantee that the recipient is the applicant. In order to protect applicants and banks from being stolen, credit cards have card opening procedures before they are officially opened. Card opening is mainly through telephone or internet. , check the relevant personal information provided at the time of application, and go through the card opening procedures after meeting the requirements. At this time, the applicant becomes the cardholder and can officially start using it after signing on the back of the card.
Approval and release
Usually, the bank will review the information and economic situation of the applicant according to the application materials to judge whether to issue a credit card to the applicant. The factors considered include the applicant's past credit record, the applicant's known assets, professional characteristics, etc. The specific factors and process of the issuer's audit are trade secrets, which are generally difficult for the outside world to understand. Different card-issuing banks have different standards. Therefore, the same materials may have different credit lines and different types of credit cards in different banks, and even some banks will pass the examination and some banks will refuse to issue them.
identify
The credit card has at least the following information on its surface:
Front: name and logo of the issuing bank, credit card type (organization logo) and holographic anti-counterfeiting logo, card number, English or pinyin name, activation date (generally calculated to month) and validity period (generally calculated to month). The chip is attached to the front of the newly issued card.
Back: card magnetic stripe, cardholder's signature column (which must be signed after activation), service hotline, four or all card numbers after the card number (to prevent fraudulent use), and credit card security code (the three digits immediately after the four digits in the signature column on the back of the credit card are used for TV, telephone and online transactions, etc. ).
use
Credit cards are usually only used by the cardholder himself, and lending them to others is generally a violation of the use contract.
POS card reader
At present, swiping a card on a POS machine is the most common way to use a credit card, and it is also a way to swipe a card online. When swiping a card, the operator should first check the validity period of the credit card and the cardholder's surname. Then, according to the issuing bank and the currency to be paid, select the corresponding POS machine, draw the magnetic stripe of the magnetic stripe credit card on the POS machine, or insert the chip credit card into the card slot, connect with the payment gateway such as the bank, and input the corresponding amount. After the remote payment gateway receives the information, the POS will print a receipt (at least two copies) for credit card payment, and the cardholder should sign the receipt after checking that the information on the payment receipt is correct. After checking the signature on the receipt and the signature on the back of the credit card (including the complete name matching and the basic handwriting matching), the operator sends the credit card copy and the credit card payment receipt to the cardholder. At this point, the credit card swiping program on the POS machine is completed.
RFID camera card
It is a new credit card usage mode and networking mode, which is sensed by swiping the card on the RFID machine. When picking up the card, the operator must first check the validity period of the credit card and the cardholder's last name. Then, according to the issuing bank and the kind of currency to be paid, select the corresponding punching machine, input the corresponding amount, and lay the credit card flat on the sensor for no more than 10cm. After the RFID machine senses the credit card, it will send out a signal sound and then continue to run the program. After the remote payment gateway receives the information, the printer (if connected) will print a receipt for credit card payment, but unlike the previous method, the cardholder does not need to sign, which is faster and more convenient than the previous method. At this point, the card swiping induction program on the RFID machine is completed.
Manual pressure plate
Usually, manual pressure tablets are used without POS machines or networking. The pressing operation must have a pressure-sensitive copy of the Direct Purchase Order (at least two copies) and a telephone. The inspection before pressing the order is the same as that of the POS machine. Then, the operator prints the card number, name, etc. Note the credit card on the purchase order with a card press, and write down the amount, date and other information, then call the authorization hotline of the acquiring bank, report the card information to apply for authorization, write the obtained authorization code on the purchase order, and the cardholder will sign it after confirming it is correct. After checking the signature, the operator gives the cardholder a copy of the credit card and the order form. At this point, the manual pressing procedure is completed. Authorized calls are usually made immediately. In some areas with poor communication or good credit discipline, merchants will encounter the situation that they will deliver the goods after signing the card to complete the transaction. Authorization will be completed in the future, but the merchant is at risk of credit card fraud (if the customer pays with an invalid card and does not apply for an authorization code immediately, it will not be discovered immediately).
Online payment
From the cardholder's point of view, online payment is considered to be one of the most risky payment methods for credit cards, because malicious people may steal user information by means of phishing, eavesdropping on network information, impersonating payment gateway and so on. When paying online, you need to enter the card number, the validity period of the credit card, the Visa CVV2/MasterCard CVC2 number next to the signature column on the back of the card, the online transaction password, and sometimes you need to enter the name, the verification code randomly generated by the webpage, etc. After the input is completed, click Submit to complete the online payment.
Television and telephone transactions
Similar to online payment, information such as card number, expiration date, Visa CVV2 code/MasterCard CVC2 is required.
Pre - authorization
Pre-authorization is generally used to pay a deposit, that is, to freeze the available amount of a part of a credit card as a deposit. The process of pre-authorization is similar to manual bill pressing, but the content of the phone call is to ask for the pre-authorization of the corresponding amount, not to ask for money or to press the bill, but to issue a deposit receipt certificate. General pre-authorization will be cancelled by the merchant at the time of checkout. If the merchant forgets to cancel, he can call the merchant to ask for cancellation, but he can't call the authorized institution to cancel himself. Or, wait for the bank to automatically cancel the pre-authorization (usually ranging from 7 to 30 days).
expense
Annual fee or monthly fee (no annual fee is charged after the new card is collected) (2009-06-0 1). Even if the old card is in liquidation, the annual fee is cumulative.
Revolving credit interest (taking Taiwan Province Province as an example, the statutory annual interest rate is 20%).
Cash advance fee
Liquidated damages for delayed delivery
Credit card handling fee (generally paid by credit card special stores: a few stores will ask consumers to pay extra for this fee, commonly known as credit card plus 7%)
safe
Due to the convenience and rapidity of credit card use, coupled with the rapid development of science and technology, the security problems faced by credit cards are becoming more and more serious, and major international credit card groups and global card-issuing financial institutions are facing severe challenges. The security problems of credit cards are mainly divided into the following five aspects:
Credit card: criminals or criminal groups use forged or invalid cards (expired/lost/invalid/damaged tapes, etc.). ) to pretend to be a real card and directly deceive merchants and even card issuers.
Cardholder: improper card storage/handling (expired/tape-invalid credit cards are not directly destroyed, or are not immediately invalidated after being lost, etc.). ), and personal identity information is inadvertently stolen or defrauded. In order to avoid such problems, citizens should not easily provide personal identification information, and it is best not to entrust others to handle credit cards.
Consumer merchants: the service personnel swindle the cardholder in the process of consumption, or steal his credit card information to other merchants for consumption. This situation can happen whether it is a physical business or a network virtual business.
Issuer: The computer system has been maliciously invaded, stealing the basic/transaction information of customers. There are also unscrupulous employees who steal from the house, or the evil inside the house.
Trading system and mechanism: as long as it is formulated or handled by human beings, human errors and omissions will inevitably occur; No matter how rigorous the trading mechanism is, with the world-class trading system from confirmation to settlement, it is still possible to be invaded, and the so-called "invasion" is actually divided into levels.