Foreign trade knowledge quiz (basic knowledge of foreign trade) 1. Basic foreign trade knowledge
The basic knowledge of foreign trade is 20 feet *8 feet *8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container; The external dimension is 40 feet *8 feet *8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40 feet container; The external dimension is 40 feet *8 feet *9 feet 6 inches, that is, the cabinet is 40 feet high.
20-foot container: the internal volume is 5.69m * 2.13m * 2.18m, the gross weight of delivery is 17.5t, and the volume is 24-26m3. 40-foot cabinet: the internal volume is11.8m * 2.13m * 2.18m, and the gross delivery weight is generally 22 tons, with a volume of 54 cubic meters.
40-foot-high cabinet: the internal volume is11.8m * 2.13m * 2.72m, the gross weight of distribution is generally 22 tons, and the volume is 68 cubic meters. 45-foot-high cabinet: the internal volume is13.58m * 2.34m * 2.71m, the gross weight of distribution is generally 29 tons, and the volume is 86 cubic meters.
20-foot open-top cabinet: the internal volume is 5.89M * 2.32M * 2.3 1M, the gross delivery weight is generally 20 tons, and the volume is 3 1.5 cubic meters. 40-foot open-top cabinet: the internal volume is12.01m * 2.33m * 2.15m, and the gross delivery weight is generally 30.4 tons, with a volume of 65 cubic meters.
20-foot flat-bottomed container: the internal volume is 5.85M * 2.23M * 2. 15M, the gross delivery weight is generally 23 tons, and the volume is 28 cubic meters. 40-foot flat-bottomed container: the internal volume is12.05m * 2.12m *1.96m, and the gross weight of distribution is generally 36 tons, with a volume of 50 cubic meters.
ANER Asia North America East Freight Rate Bill of Lading Ocean Bill of Lading Buying Price BAF Fuel Surcharge Fuel Adjustment Factor C & ampf Cost Plus Freight C Pay to pay the freight C.S.C Container Yard C/(CNEE) Consignee C/ O Certificate of Origin CAF Currency Exchange Rate Surcharge Currency Adjustment Factor CFS Bulk Warehouse container freight station CFS/CFS Bulk Delivery (Start/End) CHB customs broker CIF cost, insurance and sea freight, insurance, freight insurance premium paid to destination freight and insurance premium paid to M goods model CPT freight paid to destination freight paid to CTNR container CY/CY FCL delivery (origin/destination) D/ A d/a D/A D/A D/A arrival notice bill of lading D/P DAF border delivery DDC destination port wharf fee DDP delivery delivered duty paid delivered duty paid delivered duty paid DDU duty-free delivery. Delivered duty paid dock FOB delivery documentNo. DocumentNo. EPS equipment location surcharge equipment location surcharge factory delivery work/factory delivery F/ F freight forwarder freight forwarder FAF fuel surcharge fuel adjustment factor FAK all kinds of freight FOB port FOB FOB carrier FCL full container container loading feeder barge voyage fee 40 feet cabinet 40 feet equivalent unit fee Federal Maritime Commission FOB FOB price GRI total price increases general rate H/ C agency fee handling fee HBL sub-bill of lading house bill of lading I/S sales internal sales IA independent action letter of credit land bridge LCL LCL LCL is less than the container load M/T size ton (that is, goods are charged by volume) metric ton bill of lading loading master bill of lading MLB small land bridge, from one port to another, Minneapolis land bridge mother ship mainline multimodal transport document N/F informs NVOCC NVOCC NVOCC non-vessel carrier o/ F ocean transport bill of lading (or original). The local charge for the OP operation ORC at the onshore mainland point (collected by Guangdong Province) and the charge for Olkin P.P prepaid the congestion surcharge of PCS port. Destination Port Destination Port Oil Loading Port PSS Peak Season Surcharge Shipper Sales Contract S/ O Shipping Instructions Shipping Order s/r Sales Price Spreadsheet Sales Rate s/ S Spreadsheet Service Contract SSL Shipping Company Steamboat Route T.O.C Terminal Operating Option T.R.C Terminal Receiving Fee T/S Transshipment, Transit time of T/T voyage TEU 20' container 20-foot TEU THC terminal operation fee (charged by Hong Kong) Terminal handling fee TTL total * * Total TVC/ TVR time contract/rate VOCC shipping company ship operation mon carrier W/M is surcharge yard surcharge from high-priced weight or metric ton W/T (that is, goods are charged by weight).
2. What are the common sense of foreign trade operation process and basic knowledge of foreign trade?
Let me tell you some basic export procedures first. In fact, it should be noted that documents should be made in accordance with the requirements of the contract or letter of credit, and checked with customers in time to see if they meet the requirements. Each company has its own box list and invoice sample format. Please look up your previous information. Simple, pay attention to English and don't make mistakes.
Sign an export contract-open a letter of credit-start assembling goods-handle commodity inspection-declare customs-contact the shipping company to prepare goods for loading-settle foreign exchange-declare export income-write off-apply for tax refund.
1. Sign an export contract, and check whether the export commodities are within the business scope of import and export licenses; Do you need an import and export license? If so, you must apply for a license first.
2. Pay attention to whether the letter of credit is opened in accordance with the contract requirements, and examine whether there are unreasonable requirements.
3. Organize the export of goods in strict accordance with the requirements of the letter of credit.
4. Handle export commodity inspection and obtain commodity inspection certificate (invoice, packing list, letter of credit and its copy, copy of contract, ex-factory inspection certificate and commodity inspection application form are required).
5. Contact Sinotrans Company, deliver the goods to the designated Sinotrans, and provide the documents required for customs declaration (invoice, packing list, letter of credit and its copy, copy of contract sealed by one party, power of attorney, commodity inspection certificate, and provide import and export license if necessary).
6. Prepare documents and settle foreign exchange according to the requirements of the letter of credit.
7. Declare foreign exchange income to the settlement bank.
8. Apply for export goods verification form from foreign shipping companies for customs declaration verification, and write off foreign exchange settlement water with export invoices to local foreign exchange management departments.
9, with the verification certificate and invoice, special payment book, tax refund declaration form to State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China for tax refund.
In addition, I suggest you go to the "Fubu Forum" to have a look. There is a lot of knowledge about foreign trade on it. I hope it works for you.
3. What knowledge do you need to do foreign trade?
This is also a question that many novices need to ask. Whether you are entering a foreign trade company, some industry and trade companies or processing enterprises, how to get started is really worth discussing. In fact, as a novice, we should start from the most basic, from material procurement to product production, to product inspection and then to delivery logistics settlement.
I was a novice before, and summed up my experience: First, ask more questions, and ask if you don't understand. Generally, when a novice enters a trading company or factory, there will be an old hand to take you. Generally speaking, few companies want a novice to be independent, and usually do some commodity sales or business assistant. Second, learn to take more notes. As the saying goes, good memory is better than bad written memory. It is very important to write down your usual problems and solutions. In particular, you should write down all the things you need to do today, as well as what you need to do tomorrow. After work, you can review what you remember today.
Third, for a pure foreign trade salesman, some basic skills must be mastered. Personal summary is as follows: 1, quotation. For a salesman, this is the basic skill. The quotation of each company or person is different, but it is the same, which mainly covers the company name, contact information, product name, model, unit price, gross weight, packaging method, price validity period, delivery date, payment method of trade cooperation and product characteristics. So there is a way for you to get more quotations to study, and think carefully about why these data appear on this quotation, what use these data have for customers and so on.
2, the counter, this is a basic skill of the salesman. When you make a quotation, sometimes you will make packaging according to the customer's requirements, so the customer will ask you the number of containers of 20 feet or 40 feet, because customers such as FOB will calculate the cost and profit after the sea freight per unit product, which is very important, so it is more important for the salesman to calculate the counter. The method is also simple. Take a pencil and white paper to do more calculations (provided that the internal product and size of each cabinet are memorized). 3. Accumulation of experience. Sometimes a college graduate with three to five years of experience can't do business. This is still accumulated by time, and it is very important to learn more and ask more questions. For example, the skills of controlling delivery time and payment method are very important. In short, it is still a matter of mentality, or learning fast and working hard.
I hope a little experience is useful to you.
4. Basic knowledge and process of foreign trade
Those who have foreign trade knowledge can go to Longdao. There is a lot of foreign trade knowledge in foreign trade study.
Foreign trade process
I. Acceptance of inquiry
1, serious quotation
(1) Ask the factory for the latest product price.
(2) Check the latest exchange rate of the day.
(3) Accounting FOB price
(4) Contact the freight forwarder for the latest transportation price.
(5) All parameters in the quotation must be accurate, especially the loading capacity of containers.
(6) The payment method shall be confirmed.
Step 2 make samples
(1) Arrange factory proofing.
(2) Ensure that the customer confirms that the sample has been ordered.
Second, the customer order
1, do pi
(1) The company name and customer name must be correct and checked one by one.
(2) The order number and PI time must be correct.
(3) The commodity name must be correct.
(4) The unit price and amount must be approved.
(5) The total amount and amount in words must be correct.
(6) Be sure to have correct bank information of our company.
Step 2 conclude a contract
(1) The company name, customer name, header and date must be correct and checked one by one.
(2) The product name, specification, unit price, total amount, weight and volume must be checked one by one to ensure correctness.
(3) Other terms of the contract must be detailed.
Third, arrange factory production.
1. Order from the factory
(1) Write down the product name, specification and quantity to be purchased.
(2) Ask for a formal quotation (factory fax)
(3) Arrange factory production after receiving the customer's transaction receipt.
2. Sign a purchase contract
(1) The contract must be detailed, and the contract number and specifications related to each product must be written in full.
(2) The quantity and amount should be carefully checked.
(3) The inspection method should be detailed and clear.
(4) Confirm the payment method
(5) Confirm the solution to the problem and the claim method.
3. Pay down payment to the factory
(1) View factory account information.
(2) Check the billing information of the company's accounting transfer.
(3) telephone tracking factory funds whether to account.
4, tracking the production process
(1) keep abreast of the production process.
(2) Confirm the size and weight of the goods
Contact the freight forwarder to arrange transportation.
1, price (by sea or air)
(1) Find more freight forwarders and compare prices with shipping companies.
(2) Select the price and freight forwarding company
(3) Determine the payment method (advance payment or monthly settlement)
3. Express customs declaration documents
(1) Express the customs declaration documents to the forwarder (customs declaration form, proxy declaration power of attorney, verification form, export goods list, packing list, CI, sales contract and blank sheet).
(2) Confirm the customs declaration information
Verb (abbreviation for verb) delivery and transportation
1. Inform the customer to settle the account.
(1) Inform the customer that the goods have been produced and take photos.
(2) Do PI to balance customers.
(3) Arrange customer inspection
2. Pay the balance to the factory
(1) test
(2) Pay the balance to the factory
(3) Need VAT invoice
(4) The factory arranges delivery to the designated warehouse.
3. Transport the goods to the port of destination
(1) A bill of lading is required after the goods are shipped out.
(2) The freight will be paid by the freight forwarder after the goods arrive in Hong Kong.
(3) Freight forwarders need invoices.
(4) Freight Forwarder's Verification Form and Customs Declaration Form
Do it by yourself a few times, and I will understand.
5. What basic knowledge should foreign trade master?
Foreign trade is a long process, and one person can't do everything. Do you want to do foreign trade business or foreign trade documentary?
If you have no foreign trade experience, I suggest you start with foreign trade documentary. A person who doesn't understand documentaries can never do business well.
Foreign trade documentary is also called foreign trade operation, that is, the foreign trade salesman receives the order and gives it to the documentary for execution. The work includes: urging guests to remit money; After receiving the deposit, hand over the domestic trade contract to the factory to arrange production; In the production process, convey the customer's packaging requirements to the factory, such as packaging box layout, outer box labeling, labeling, etc. After the production is completed, arrange QC inspection and arrange the personnel of relevant institutions to do commodity inspection (not required for illegal commodity inspection). If there is no problem in the inspection, book the shipping space with the shipping company, and after receiving the manifest of the shipping company (indicate the booking number, name of the shipping company, name of the ship, voyage, customs declaration deadline, estimated sailing time, estimated arrival time, etc.). ), and then arrange towing and container loading two or three days before the customs declaration deadline, and then arrange customs declaration. After customs clearance, make invoices and packing lists; And send the supplement of the bill of lading to the booking company, and send the supplement of the certificate of origin to the CCPIT or other institutions that can issue the certificate of origin (pay attention to what kind of certificate of origin the customer requires, C/O or FORM A, E, F) to issue the original. Traditionally, after the original document is completed, it should be faxed or scanned to the guest to urge him to pay the balance. Send the original after the balance arrives.
Foreign trade documentary actually includes foreign trade operations and foreign trade documents. There are many things to master. The merchandiser actually "arranges" more, and actually has to do it himself. Then "arrangement" must be grasped in time. If something goes wrong in one link, it will affect the following links. For example, if you arrange for the trailer to be loaded late and can't meet the deadline, you have to catch the next boat, which is very troublesome.
Generally, newcomers to foreign trade companies must be led by experienced people. Although you also have foreign trade experience, you'd better take it with you, because each company's foreign trade process will be somewhat different.
Of course, some companies have very detailed foreign trade processes, and one person is responsible for a small part of them.
You can consider doing foreign trade business when you are familiar with documentaries. Knowing how to carry out foreign trade business is very helpful for you to go out and do foreign trade yourself in the future. Many people not only know how to operate, but also know how to carry out business, so go it alone, start a small company, and then slowly develop into a big company. Just like the boss of my previous company. But not everyone can succeed. Look at your hard work, luck and strength.
One more thing to add, don't be afraid of not knowing the basics of foreign trade. There are many operations, and you will be familiar with them once and for all. If you are careful, you will soon get used to it. Many science graduates can't find ideal jobs corresponding to their majors and switch to foreign trade, even better than those who graduated from foreign trade majors. Many things are not absolute.
6. Basic flow and common sense of foreign trade
The following is the basic process. If you want to see common sense, you can go to Fubu Foreign Trade Forum, which is the largest foreign trade forum in China. 1. Customer enquiry: Generally speaking, customers will send relevant order enquiries to the business department before placing an order, so as to know some details.
2. Quotation: The quotation of export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specification and model, whether the product has special packaging requirements, quantity of purchased products, delivery time requirements, product transportation mode, product material, etc. Commonly used quotation methods are: FOB, CFR, and CIF.
The business department shall promptly reply to the customer's inquiries and determine the product name, model, manufacturer, quantity, delivery date, payment method, packaging specifications, cabinet type, etc. , and issue a proforma invoice to the customer for formal quotation. 3. Order/signing order: After the two parties to the transaction reach an agreement on the quotation, the buyer's enterprise will formally place an order and negotiate with the seller's enterprise on some related matters. After both parties agree, they need to sign a purchase contract.
In the process of signing the purchase contract, we mainly discuss the commodity name, specification, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, date of shipment, payment terms, settlement method, claim and arbitration, and write the agreement reached after negotiation into the purchase contract. This marks the official start of export business.
Usually, the purchase contract is signed in duplicate, and it takes effect after both parties affix the official seal of our company, and each party holds one copy. 4. Place a production order: after obtaining the customer's purchase order, place an order with the factory and arrange the production plan.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) business approval: after receiving the order, the business department will first make a business approval form. Fill in the items in the "Export Contract Audit Form" truthfully, and list all kinds of estimated expenses as far as possible.
The contract approval shall be accompanied by the fax of the customer's order and the purchase contract with the factory. The audit form should be signed by the salesman, approved by the department manager, and then submitted to the management for approval before implementation.
If the amount is large, or there are terms such as advance payment and commission, it must be approved by the general manager of the company. After the contract is approved, the purchase order will be made into a sales order and handed over to the department process personnel for follow-up.
Payment by intransitive verbs (letter of credit) There are three commonly used payment methods in the world, namely remittance payment, collection payment and letter of credit payment. 1. If it is a wire transfer payment customer, please confirm that you have received the deposit.
TT payment method is settled in foreign exchange cash, and customers can remit the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by the company, and can request remittance within a certain period after the goods arrive. 2. If the account is released by the customer, or the foreign exchange is collected through the bank D/P, D/A, etc. , need to be confirmed by the manager.
3. If customers pay by letter of credit, they will usually confirm receipt of the letter of credit 1 month before the delivery date. After receiving the letter of credit, the salesman and the voucher clerk should review the letter of credit separately to check whether there are any mistakes, whether the delivery date can be guaranteed and other possible problems. If there is any problem, please ask the customer to change the letter of credit immediately. This paper focuses on the payment method of letter of credit. The execution of a letter of credit usually includes three contents: urging, examining and amending the letter of credit: 1, urging to open the letter of credit. If the seller and the buyer agree to use the letter of credit in the export contract, the buyer should open the letter of credit on time in strict accordance with the contract, which is the premise of the seller's performance.
However, in actual business, when the market changes or funds are short, sometimes foreign importers will delay opening letters of credit. In order to ensure the timely performance of the contract, it is necessary for us to remind the other party to open the letter of credit according to the contract at an appropriate time and urge the other party to go through the formalities of opening the letter of credit quickly.
In particular, bulk commodity transactions or special commodity transactions required by the buyer should be promptly urged in combination with the stocking situation. When necessary, we can also ask our overseas institutions or the Bank of China to assist in collecting certificates.
2. When examining the letter of credit, we should focus on the shipping terms in the letter of credit. A letter of credit is a guarantee document for bank credit, but the bank's credit guarantee is based on the documents submitted by the beneficiary that meet the terms of the letter of credit. Therefore, the credit standing of the issuing bank and the contents of the letter of credit are related to the safety of foreign exchange collection. In order to ensure the safety of foreign exchange collection, letters of credit opened by foreign customers through banks should be carefully checked and audited immediately.
The letter of credit is opened according to the contract, and the contents of the letter of credit should be consistent with the terms of the contract. However, in practice, the terms of letters of credit are often inconsistent with the provisions of the contract. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of foreign exchange collection contracts, banks and export enterprises should immediately check and review the letters of credit opened by foreign customers through banks.
Banks focus on reviewing the credit standing ability, payment responsibility and foreign exchange demand route of the issuing bank. The exporter focuses on checking whether the contents of the letter of credit are consistent with the sales contract.
After receiving the letter of credit, exporters should carefully review the relevant clauses in the letter of credit, such as the date of shipment, port of shipment, port of destination, date of settlement of foreign exchange, etc. Pay special attention to some special terms, such as whether the goods can be shipped in batches and whether they can be transshipped. And decide whether to accept, modify or reject the relevant transportation clauses in the letter of credit according to the actual situation before the goods are shipped. 3. Modifying the letter of credit is an act of modifying some terms in the letter of credit that has been opened.
The amendment of the letter of credit may be proposed by the applicant or beneficiary. In practical business, after a comprehensive and detailed review of the letter of credit, export enterprises usually have to distinguish the nature of the problem when they find it, and some have to get in touch with relevant departments such as banking, transportation, insurance and inspection before they can make an appropriate and proper decision.
Generally speaking, any problem that does not conform to China's foreign trade policy and affects the performance of the contract and the safety of foreign exchange collection must require foreign customers to make amendments through the issuing bank, and insist on receiving the letter of credit amendment from the bank before the goods are shipped; For those that can be changed or not, or can be done through proper efforts, they can be handled as appropriate, or they can be handled in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit without modification. It is common that many clauses in a letter of credit need to be amended.
This should be put forward to the applicant at one time, otherwise it will not only increase the formalities and expenses of both parties, but also have adverse external effects. Secondly, we should carefully review any letter of credit amendment notice received, and if any amendment is found.
7. The most basic knowledge that foreign trade novices need
As you said, foreign trade involves a lot and is very complicated. If you want to learn something systematically, it may not be helpful to your work.
I suggest you start with your work and see if you can find a master to replace you. Starting with a ticket for ordinary business, with the development of business, you will encounter all kinds of problems. Some questions can be explained clearly by the master, and some need you to find theoretical answers from books. Whenever you encounter a problem that you don't understand, you should take a notebook and record the ideas of dealing with the problem. In this way, you can find the knack of doing business over time.
As for trade terms, don't touch too much at first. One is that they may not be suitable for your job, and the other is that they are easily confused. Also, English telegrams should be written on the basis of your English, so that customers can understand them. Of course, at the beginning, customers can see that you are a novice, but you don't have to be embarrassed. Only in this way can we make progress.