Strengthen self-management and let students grow up healthily. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, Li Zhihai of Long Yuan School, said: "Emancipate children's minds and free them from moral prejudice and fantasy;" Emancipate the child's hands from the bondage of' don't move here, don't move there'; The time for liberating children is not too tight, giving democratic life and conscious discipline. " I think this is the basic principle of students' active participation and voluntary compliance with school rules and regulations. To this end, I took the opportunity of implementing self-management advocated by the school since the new semester to divide the work of Class 6, Grade 8 in detail and achieved good results. The main body of school education is students. The ultimate goal of education is to gradually awaken students' subjective consciousness, so that students can consciously form values such as responsibility, self-control, sincerity, justice, cooperation, tolerance and friendship, so as to realize students' independent learning, self-management and self-development. First of all, everything is personal. Make clear the position and responsibility of each student in the class, so that students can realize their own value and dignity. In order to arouse the enthusiasm of each student, we should let each student find a suitable position in the class and undertake specific work. Everyone contributes to the group, and everyone realizes that he is an indispensable member of the class. I have established a system of "everyone has something to do, everyone has something to do" in class management. It includes class cadre management system, duty student management system and task contract responsibility system. In this extensive participation process, students can find their "position" in the collective, perceive their interests, and thus form a sense of responsibility. Secondly, reform the election method of class cadres. In the past, class cadres were generally appointed by teachers, or nominated by teachers, or directly elected by students by secret ballot. Although both are democratic elections now, there is a stereotype in students' minds that teachers often praise good students, especially class cadres, forming that the class cadres elected every year are all good students with good grades. In practice, I took the form of student election. I can run for office as long as I think which position is suitable for you. Each candidate will do practical work for a week or so to show his talents, and then the students will vote for the official candidate. By participating in the election, students have opportunities for self-expression and success, so that some students with poor grades but strong working ability stand out, and children with excellent grades pay more attention to improving their comprehensive quality and ability. Under the guidance of this theory, students compete for the class minister. The ministers of each department are composed of students, and the judges elect the ministers of student affairs department, learning department, culture and sports department, discipline department, health department, resources department and so on. When Qi was elected as the minister of class studies, he immediately began to reform, that is, he promulgated the No.1 document "Strictly crack down on plagiarism". In this solemn report to classmates, they announced that the previous "punishing plagiarists" was changed to "punishing lenders" on the grounds that "lenders" lost the principle of sincere help and helped others cheat, which actually hurt those students who copied their homework. At the same time, they organized representatives of all subjects to set up inspectors in the class to supervise the whole class. Self-management gives students a stage and space to show themselves. Now it seems that children's creativity is endless. When they establish a sense of ownership, they will mobilize all their potential, go all out, and sometimes even do better than teachers. Third, the establishment system of class cadres has been reformed. As a matter of fact, the class committee is composed of student affairs office, study office, culture and sports office, discipline office, health office and resources office. , to carry out daily management work. In addition to the minister of each department (the minister is elected), the minister can also recruit assistants and officers as needed, so that more students can participate in class management activities, give play to the students' sense of ownership, exercise their self-management ability, and make more students lively in class management activities. At the same time, the ministries negotiate to establish a quantitative system of class management. Self-management has its unique management advantages. Students know students best and students live among them. The management ideas from students are more in line with the characteristics of students, and also make students willing to participate in management and cooperate with management. Zhang Jingjing, Zhang Yiliang, Wang Yulong, Wei Xuan and other ministers drafted a Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Class Self-management after extensive consultation-all students should consciously and strictly demand themselves and be true to themselves, and so should teachers; In learning, we should form groups to help each other and improve together; It is necessary to improve self-discipline ability, establish a good class environment, and strive to do the best in all school activities; Every Monday, the class duty minister should sum up last week's situation, praise the good people and deeds in the class, point out the problems found and put forward the requirements for next week; The whole class should actively cooperate with the work of various departments and put forward management suggestions. All departments should seriously study and adopt reasonable suggestions. If they are not adopted, they should explain the reasons to the whole class ... and will announce the specific reward and punishment measures in the class. Take the class publicity reward and punishment system formulated by Sun, the head of the Propaganda Department, as an example: 1, blackboard newspaper-2 points for each person who participates in the blackboard newspaper group and is conscientious, 3 points for the first place in the blackboard newspaper evaluation, 2 points for 2-4 people, and 1 point for the last person. 2. Propaganda draft-65438+0 points for each award, 2 points for school selection and 5 points for school broadcast. 1 minute is not deducted without reason. 3. Participate in school activities-... Again, classes vary from person to person, and appropriate educational methods should be determined. Each department in the class has made a personal aid plan, and each minister has signed a student. At the same time, they worked out different educational methods through mutual consultation. For example, Wang Songbiao and Guan Bin in our class are a little sloppy. I criticized them many times, but they still went their own way. Zhang Yiliang, Zhang Yi-liang, Zhang Yi-liang, Zhang Yi-liang, Zhang Yi-liang, Zhang Yi-liang, Zhang Yi-liang and Zhang Yi-yi all took another way to help and teach him-let the whole class comment on him and give the comments directly to themselves to think. Here are some excerpts: "You have good hygiene and poor discipline. Do whatever you want in class, and talk a lot. Although you have a good relationship with everyone, this shortcoming makes everyone gradually lose confidence in you. " "You are sincere, and your English is great. To tell the truth, you are actually the object I surpass. But it's different now, because you don't respect people enough and lack self-discipline. I hope you can change it and be yourself. " ..... Then they said, "After reading the note, my mood plummeted. Unexpectedly, there is such a big gap between my image in the eyes of my classmates and my self-feeling. My classmates not only pointed out my shortcomings, but also admitted my advantages. This is not condescending criticism, but sincere concern among friends, which has had a strong impact on my heart. I think I must change, otherwise I will hurt myself, and I will also bring trouble to the class and disappoint the students. " Yes, when I manage myself, I face my classmates. The relationship is very close and the air is free. In a very equal and democratic atmosphere, introverted students dare to put forward suggestions and ideas. Those who are unwilling to participate in class affairs have also become enthusiastic and positive. In this process, students can learn a lot, hone their abilities, accumulate methods and gain an exciting sense of accomplishment. Fourth, self-management is closely integrated with the construction of class learning groups. Through collective discussion, each study group has introduced a series of competition systems. Let students participate in the competition is an important way to improve students' psychological quality and increase their talents. In the modern society of reform and opening up, we should strengthen students' sense of competition and cultivate their self-esteem, self-confidence, self-motivation and adaptability. 1, each group unanimously decided that everyone should have a competitor. Every student is required to have an opponent with the same level (I adjust it slightly according to the comparability of students). Let each student paste the name of the contestant on his pencil box. How much is the competitor's contribution to the class greater than that of learning, thinking and class? After every exam and competition, whoever loses must write a note. After every monthly exam, my classmates can't wait to ask my score. When they knew that they had surpassed their opponents, they jumped three feet and rushed out of the office. This is a heartfelt excitement. In a few days, if he exceeds his target, he will come to me again and tell me that he wants to change his competitors. Through such competition, the top students are better, and the students with weak foundation are unwilling to lag behind, catch up and make rapid progress.

2. Each group has a pursuit target. In addition to individual competitions, I also practice "one group, one eye and ten lines", "best performance group", "challenge group" and "best cooperation group" in my class, and reward the three groups with the highest scores, the fiercest competition and the most United, respectively, and encourage other groups to develop in this direction. And help the team that still needs to work hard to come up with a solution. Through the competition, an atmosphere of mutual supervision, mutual help and mutual pursuit is formed in the class, so as to give full play to the main role of students and promote their harmonious, vivid and lively development. 3. Each group has a study group meeting to supplement the deficiency of the class management system. For example, some groups made the following convention (which was later adopted by me as the study group convention for Class 6, Grade 8): In order to establish a good class spirit, let all students have a quiet and harmonious study and living environment, and ensure that all students will respect the rules and regulations and improve their academic performance in all aspects in the future, the special agreement is as follows: 1, respect teachers, unite students and obey teachers' arrangements. 2. Abide by the law, be strict with yourself, and don't talk loudly and chase and fight in the classroom corridor. 3. Pay attention to personal hygiene, be polite, speak politely, wear school uniforms and school cards. 4. Develop good habits and actively prepare lessons. 5. Don't be late or absent from class. Listen carefully in class, answer questions actively, and don't make small moves. 6. Develop a good habit of never letting go of questions you don't understand and actively asking classmates and teachers for advice. 7. Carry out active and effective discussions in the group, express your opinions on your own initiative, dare to ask questions in class, and do not disturb other students' learning when studying independently. 8. Earnestly, timely and independently complete the homework of all subjects, and do not copy others' homework. 9. Take care of public property, pay attention to environmental sanitation and keep the classroom clean. 10, choose a classmate in the class as an example, learn his or her advantages, and look up to him or her everywhere. Make your own learning goals and make unremitting efforts to this end. In violation of the above conventions, it is necessary to correct within a time limit, otherwise it will quit the group on its own. Signature of team members: Fifth, cultivate students' autonomous learning ability while cultivating autonomous management. The specific work is as follows: 1. On the cultivation of students' autonomous learning habits, cultivate students' autonomous learning habits. We should start by forming good study habits. Students' good study habits mainly include: ① preview habits. Students can preview at three levels: the first is to read (or turn over) textbooks before class; The second is to read textbooks to solve new words (Chinese and foreign languages) and do exercises (mathematics); The third is to find information for in-depth study. Now most students can reach the first two levels, and a few students can reach the third level. 2 the habit of reviewing. Students can review in three ways. The first is to review first, and then do your homework; The second is to do your homework first and review it when you have time; The third is to arrange time for review. Pay attention to sorting and induction to form a knowledge structure. Most students should meet the first requirement. With the deepening of study, we put forward the second and third requirements for students. At the same time, when assigning homework, the teacher pays attention to guiding students to sort out what they have learned, so as to make it systematic and structured. ③ The habit of using reference books. The seventh grade is the beginning grade of junior high school, so students should pay attention to the use of reference books. I ask students to have three reference books: Xinhua Dictionary, Modern Chinese Dictionary and English-Chinese Dictionary. When reading, students can find words they don't know or understand and solve them by themselves. Long-term persistence can form the habit of using dictionaries. The teacher arranges the learning task of using reference books in a planned way, and the reading class allows students to go to the library to find information and solve difficult problems independently. At the same time, he suggested that students use the Internet to retrieve and download files from microcomputer classes to the electronic reading room. 2. Guidance on students' learning methods. Guided learning method is to teach students to learn to read, think, search and control. (1) can read-reading is the basis of learning. When reading, the eyes first perceive the information of words or images from books or screens. Then the brain carries out thinking activities such as analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction to extract the information needed for processing. We think: "The development trend of modern teaching theory is to shift the focus of teaching from teachers to students, and to students' independent acquisition of knowledge under the guidance of teachers. The essence of teaching is to teach students to learn autonomous learning, and the basis of autonomous learning is the cultivation of active reading ability. "2 thinking-thinking is the core of learning. If you encounter problems after reading it, you should think about it. The process of solving problems is a process of independent thinking, analysis, synthesis and deduction. The quality of a student's study depends largely on his ideological ability. Teachers should teach students how to analyze specific problems and how to understand things from special to general and then from general to special through educational and teaching practice. A method that can grasp the essence through phenomena and make classification and comparison; Can be divided into two, can also be combined into one. Divergence and convergence methods ... develop students' various thinking qualities through different class types and problems. (3) being able to retrieve-retrieval is a means of learning. In the information age, it is necessary for modern people to learn directional retrieval. When studying classical Chinese, I asked students to go to the library to look up information, read reference books to learn about predecessors' notes, and then discuss in groups and give lectures on behalf of the podium, which not only exercised students' autonomous learning ability, but also cultivated students' retrieval ability. (4) Will control-control is the guarantee of learning. A stable mood and a peaceful mind are conducive to learning. In the process of autonomous learning, students sometimes taste the joy of success, and sometimes they will inevitably encounter difficulties and setbacks. This requires students to adjust their mentality, control their emotions, win without arrogance, lose with grace, guard against arrogance and rashness, educate themselves, keep making progress and strive to be strong. In a word, after a semester's exploration of autonomous learning, Class 6, Grade 8 has gradually moved towards a healthy and orderly development lane, and students' ability has been greatly improved. Self-management achieved good results. Li Zhihai, the head teacher of Class 6, Grade 8, is a kind of philosophical autonomous learning of educational learning. Compared with other schools of education, he believes that no one can make decisions for others and everyone should have the right to make their own decisions. Rights and responsibilities are inseparable. Make choices for yourself and take responsibility for them. This is contrary to the attitude of blaming the environment or others, and close to existentialism.

Human autonomy is very important. Autonomy is mainly self-awareness, vision and courage to act. It must be done for yourself again and again, and accumulated from success or failure. It cannot be learned by instilling knowledge. Autonomy is not a kind of knowledge, but an art of facing your own life.

When children are young, communication can still happen, or they can make choices and take responsibility for themselves within a certain range, which will widen with the growth of knowledge and wisdom. This is the so-called vision. If a person is within the range he knows, even if it is only vague, there is the possibility of autonomy. A person who is used to autonomy will not overestimate his vision, so he will ask for help when facing things on the edge or outside the scope, because he knows the limitations of his ability and vision.

Besides, to become an autonomous learner, you only need to start to realize the external resources and limitations, and be responsible for your own life. Confucius said "don't blame others", because he has been responsible for his own life, so fate, fate and others, of course, don't need to be the object of blame.

In the concept of autonomy, negative freedom and positive freedom are very important. Negative freedom, "exemption", positive freedom "exemption". Autonomous learning attaches importance to negative freedom and emphasizes positive freedom. Negative freedom is an important condition of freedom, and these are the starting point of education, not the end point.

If you want to learn independently, you must know yourself and move towards self-awareness through gradually clear self-concept, self-value and self-cognition. Understand the environment, and understand the resources and limitations of the environment through knowledge and experience. And seek the best possible interaction between oneself and the environment, and find out the appropriate correspondence on the basis of understanding oneself and the environment. So as to start to realize, rely on courage, perseverance, perseverance, and let yourself practice what you think, know and do. But the most important thing is to maintain a cyclical upward review mechanism, and let yourself reflect through the cycle of planning, execution, review and improvement, and gain something from every experience.

However, there is no contradiction between autonomous learning and learning contract. Classroom relationship is a contract between teachers and students, not signed by force, but to make the classroom work well, so both sides should abide by it.

There are also problems in autonomous learning, such as shrinking in the face of new things and being completely learner-centered, which may lead him to lose many opportunities to try new things and make mistakes in judgment due to lack of vision. Self-deception without a test standard. When an autonomous learner lacks inspection standards, he is easily complacent and hinders progress. Basically, this is also a problem of insufficient vision. The difficulty of self-training is the most prominent problem. When faced with some pain and need willpower training, it is easy to give up by relying on the strength of learners. At this time, parents and teachers can guide them to contact with new things, introduce objective inspection standards, broaden their horizons through discussion, and let them see the meaning of these things clearly, which is also in line with the spirit of autonomous learning.