Handwritten signatures are now stipulated by national laws and have timeliness. On August 28th, 2004, the 11th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 10th NPC passed the People's Republic of China (PRC) Electronic Signature Law, which came into effect on April 28th, 2005. Therefore, the scope of application of electronic signature law is forward-looking and inclusive, that is, it is mainly applicable to business activities, but not limited to business activities, including:

(1) involving personal relationships such as marriage, adoption and inheritance;

(2) involving real estate such as land and houses or the transfer of rights and interests;

(three) involving the cessation of water supply, heating, gas supply, power supply and other public utilities services;

(4) Other circumstances in which electronic documents are not applicable as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.