What is proofreading?
Proofreading (Text-proofing), jiàodu, also known as "collation" or "proofreading" in ancient times, is a necessary process in the publishing and editing process. The main task is to review, correct, type, or print according to the original manuscript. Transcript errors. "Proofreading" can also be the Chinese abbreviation of "Proofreader", the person engaged in this process.
The basic responsibility of proofreading is to find and correct errors. Proofreaders must be aware of the types of errors that may exist in the original manuscript and proofs, so that they can more consciously detect and correct errors in the proofreading process.
There are various errors in the original manuscript and proofs, which can be summarized into the following 10 types:
1. Text errors. Including typos, multiple characters, omitted characters, incorrectly simplified characters, incorrectly complex characters, inversions, variant characters, old fonts, etc. The most frequently occurring characters are typographical errors. Typo is a combination of typos and typos. A word that looks like a word but is not a word is called a typo; a word that is a word but is used inappropriately is called a different word. Generally speaking, typos mainly refer to different characters.
There is another type of textual errors, namely errors in the use of foreign letters and errors in Chinese pinyin. Common errors include: mixing letters in various languages; uppercase and lowercase letters and italics do not conform to the standards; Chinese Pinyin violates the "Basic Rules of Chinese Pinyin Orthography" and errors in tonal marking.
2. Wrong words. Common word errors include: (1) wrong use of words; (2) indiscriminate use of praise and blame; (3) non-standard word selection; (4) coined words; (5) wrong use of idioms.
3. Grammatical errors. Includes lexical and syntactic errors.
Common lexical errors include: (1) Improper use of nouns, verbs, and adjectives; (2) Confusing quantitative expressions; (3) Unclear reference; (4) Improper use of adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions.
Common syntax errors include: (1) improper collocation; (2) redundant or incomplete elements; (3) improper word order; (4) mixed sentence patterns; (5) ambiguity; (6) unreasonable .
4. Incorrect use of numbers. "Regulations on the Usage of Numbers in Publications" (GB/T 15835─1995) is the national standard for judging the correct and incorrect use of numbers, but it has different requirements for different types of books: (1) "Regulations on the Usage of Numbers in Publications" It does not apply to literary works and rearrangements of ancient books; (2) The use of Arabic numerals requires "appropriateness" and "regional unification"; (3) scientific and technological books must strictly follow the standards of the "Regulations on the Usage of Numbers in Publications".
5. Wrong use of punctuation marks. "Usage of Punctuation Marks" (GB/T 15834─1995) is the national standard for judging the correct and incorrect use of punctuation marks. There are two major categories of punctuation marks: dots (7) and punctuation marks (9). Common errors in the use of punctuation marks are mainly the wrong use of periods: (1) The sentence is broken without a period; (2) A comma is not used in the place where the pause should be made within the sentence, and a comma is misused in the place where the pause should not be made; (3) Non-stop punctuation is used. Misuse of commas between parallel words, misuse of commas between parallel words without pauses, use of pauses at different levels of pauses causes structural level confusion; (4) Misuse of semicolons, such as misuse of semicolons between parallel words, Misuse of semicolons between clauses within a single repetitive sentence that is not a parallel relationship, misuse of semicolons between parallel clauses that are not at the first level, misuse of semicolons between two independent sentences that should be separated by a period; (5) Question marks are misused when there are interrogative words but are not interrogative sentences; (6) Exclamation marks are misused when there are exclamations but are not exclamatory sentences; (7) Periods are mistakenly placed outside the quotation marks for full-sentence quotations, and periods are mistakenly placed inside quotation marks for non-whole-sentence quotations. (8) The two numbers indicating the divisor are misused with Arabic numerals or the comma is misused between the two Chinese characters.
6. Wrong usage of quantities and units. Except for ancient books and literary readings, all publications, especially textbooks and scientific and technological books, should comply with the national standard "Quantities and Units" released by the State Administration of Technical Supervision in 1993 when using the names, symbols, and writing rules of quantities and units. (GB3100～3102-93) regulations.
Common errors in the use of quantities and units include: (1) Irregular quantity names; (2) Irregular quantity symbols; (3) Wrong writing of unit names; (4) Inaccurate writing and use of Chinese symbols for units; (5) Units Incorrect writing and use of international symbols; (6) Incorrect writing and use of SI prefix symbols; (7) Errors in mixing Chinese symbols and international symbols for combined units; (8) Use of non-statutory unit or abandoned unit names; ( 9) No standardized representation is used when expressing the value of a quantity in a specific unit in the chart; (10) Mathematical formulas and mathematical symbols are written or used incorrectly.
7. The layout format is wrong. Common layout errors include: (1) Inconsistent specifications and styles; (2) Inconsistency in related projects; (3) Inconsistency and mismatch between texts, pictures, and tables; (4) Irregular layout formats of various attachments and main text.
8. Factual errors. Common errors include: incorrect facts; incorrect dates; incorrect information.
9. Intellectual errors. We must pay attention to guarding against general intellectual errors, and we must pay special attention to guarding against pseudoscience and anti-science.
10. Political errors. Pay attention to guard against mistakes in political stance, political opinions, political tendencies, as well as errors in orientation and policy.
Proofreading
jiào duì
Check and mark typographical errors on the proofs according to the original manuscript and design requirements. "Proofreader" is also used to refer to the person responsible for proofreading work, also known as "proofreader".
Proofreading by literati
Ming Shen Defu's "Ye Huo Bian·Writings·Guoxue Keshu": "In recent years, Beijian Memorial has requested the reprint of the Twenty-One Histories, which has been completed one after another. It is a great achievement to submit it to the imperial government, but the proofreading is reckless and contains many mistakes." Volume 1 of "Lang Qian Jiwen" written by Chen Kangqi of the Qing Dynasty: "I ordered Zhu Gui, Ge Tao, Lu Wenxu, Weng Fanggang, etc. Proofreading is done in Dongbaoshan Pavilion, the back hall of Hanlin Academy. Ba Jin's "Cold Night" 5: "He just mechanically proofreads word by word."
The importance of proofreading.
1. Proofreading is an important link in ensuring the quality of a journal and is a continuation and supplement to the editing work. Proofreading must be highly responsible, conscientious and meticulous, and establish a rigorous and meticulous style.
1. Check and eliminate errors in the proofs based on the original manuscript.
2. Correct the inaccurate formulations and phrases left over from a political, ideological and scientific perspective.
3. Eliminate remaining errors and flaws in grammar and rhetoric.
4． Remove typos.
5. Resolve and clear up any doubts.
2. Master the proofreading standards
1. The editor is responsible for the organization and implementation of proofreading and printing work, timely delivery of manuscripts and proofs, and good business liaison with printing plants.
2. The proofreading shall be based on the original manuscript, and no random additions or deletions shall be made to the proofs. Errors in the original manuscript and omissions and mistakes in editing shall be marked, and the editor shall deal with the original manuscript and proofs. If the author proposes revisions, he should try his best to adhere to the principle of not changing the layout and the number of words, so as to reduce the trouble of revision.
3. Accurately use proofreading symbols, eliminate typos, fill in omissions, correct formatting errors, and strictly implement the three-point proofreading system to ensure the quality of the journal.
4． Proofreading mainly involves proofreading and proofreading. Depending on the actual situation, some manuscripts will be proofread once by the author, and then the editor will check the format and quality once after proofreading.
5. When proofreading, pay attention to the standardization and beauty of the layout and the reasonable layout. The proofreading error rate should be kept below two ten thousandths.
3. Follow the proofreading procedure and cross the three-school system
1. One school (one time for each author and editor): focus on proofreading the original manuscript, strive to make the proof consistent with the original manuscript, correct formatting errors, and mark any doubtful areas. Read it through after school. The author is required not to make major changes to the manuscript.
2. Second school (one time for each school, responsible editor and executive editor): When proofreading, make sure that the errors made by the first school have been corrected, correct formatting errors, deal with questions in the manuscript, fill in gaps, and unify the style.
3. The third school (executive editor proofreads once): When proofreading, make sure that the errors made by the second school have been corrected, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the proofs, clean up the errors, and determine the layout format.
4． Proofreading: Check the errors made by the three proofreading schools, and make a final pass on the article and layout to ensure that the proofs are error-free.
5. Proof signature. The proofreader should sign each proof and indicate the proof number to prevent errors.
6. The editor in charge puts aside the original manuscript and three proofs and reads the proofs to look for errors. After reading the sample, conduct an overall scan to check whether there are any typos or omissions, whether the tables and illustrations comply with the standards, whether the font type and font size are used correctly, etc.
4. Clarify the proofreading content
1. Check for excessive, omitted, and wrong words as well as punctuation and symbol errors; check the title, signature, names of people, places, numbers, and formulas in the text.
2. Check the layout, format, position of charts, table titles, figure titles, font type, font size, word spacing and line spacing.
3. Check the title position, level and line breaks, notes, references and serial numbers, and check whether the Chinese and English table of contents and page numbers are consistent with the article.
4． Check the table of contents and corresponding page numbers, issue headers, page number order, copyright, text on the cover, second cover, third cover, and back cover, issue number, and year, month and issue number. What is English proofreading?
It means checking whether there are errors in English words, grammar, etc.
What is text proofreading?
It is more than just reading an article. Picking a typo? This is what I do.
A qualified book needs to be proofread at least three times (proof once, print a sample once, and repeat three times), from punctuation to style, it’s a hassle. What is Responsible Proofreading?
Responsible proofreading is responsible for the textual and technical arrangement of proofs to ensure the standardization and uniformity of style. Specific work content includes: checking relevant text (checking main logo text, checking table of contents, checking headers, checking serial numbers, checking response content), checking layout format (checking graphic and text format and position, checking title system, checking pictures, tables, formulas) , check citations and annotations, look through all proofs, check the layout), process titles, check pictures, organize tables, check and review corrections, and check the transitions from page to page. What does proofreading mean?
Proofreading [jiào duì]
1. Calibrate against the original manuscript
2. A person who specializes in proofreading. What does proofreading mean?< /p>
It should refer to the warehouse archive point to verify the number of items on the ledger with the actual quantity in the warehouse. What does text proofreading mean?
It is a process in typing and printing. After entering the manuscript into the computer, it is checked again to ensure that there are no entry errors. What does proofreading mean in Japanese?
Is there a word for proofreading in Japanese? I haven't seen it in my memory, and I haven't found it in the dictionary.
When it comes to proofreading in Chinese, it is written as "correction" in Japanese. What does text proofreading do?
It is to check for typos in the article. And word order, plus typesetting.