What are the major problems in project construction safety management? Below, Zhongda Consulting will give you a detailed introduction for your reference.
Project construction safety management is to use the scientific knowledge of modern management to carry out a series of activities such as decision-making, planning, organization, command, coordination and control of safety production work according to the characteristics of the project, so as to realize the integration of human and machinery in the production process. Equipment, materials and environmental objects are in harmony to achieve the purpose of safe production. In project safety production management, due to differences in management levels, there are many fundamental management misunderstandings in the specific implementation of safety production management. This article summarizes and categorizes the "Construction Law", "Safety Law", "Construction Engineering Safety Production Management Regulations", "Safety Production License Regulations" and related construction safety technical specifications and procedures to correct the problems in project safety management. existing misunderstandings. We must do a good job in project construction safety production management to reduce or eliminate casualties as much as possible.
Existing problems: The construction organization design prepared by the project manager does not contain special safety production measures or is too simple and formal, with no targeted safety measures. There is no special construction plan for larger sub-projects in the safety management information, and the special construction plan and construction organization design are confused.
Correct approach:
1. The project manager should prepare relevant contents of targeted safety production management measures in the project construction organization design. The preparation of safety technical measures must be targeted, and corresponding countermeasures and measures should be taken to deal with the different unsafe factors caused by different engineering structures, construction methods, operating conditions, etc. of various types of work, so that all types of hidden dangers can be comprehensively overcome and managed.
2. According to relevant regulations, the following special safety construction plan should be prepared separately before construction.
(1) Foundation pit support and dewatering project
The foundation pit support project refers to the excavation of a foundation pit (trough) with a depth of more than 5m (including 5m) and the use of support Structural construction projects; or projects where the foundation pit does not exceed 5m, but the geological conditions and surrounding environment are complex, and the groundwater level is above the bottom of the pit.
(2) Earth excavation project
Earth excavation project refers to the excavation of foundation pits and trenches with a depth exceeding 5m (including 5m).
(3) Formwork engineering
Various types of tool formwork engineering, including sliding formwork, climbing formwork, large formwork, etc.; horizontal concrete component formwork support system and special structural formwork engineering.
(4) Hoisting engineering
(5) Scaffolding engineering
a. Floor-standing steel pipe scaffolding with a height exceeding 24m;
b. Attached lifting scaffolding, including overall lifting and segmented lifting;
c. Cantilevered scaffolding;
d. Door-type scaffolding;
e. Hanging scaffolding;
f. Hanging basket scaffolding;
g. Unloading platform.
(6) Demolition and blasting projects
Projects that use manual, mechanical demolition or blasting demolition.
(7) Other dangerous projects
a. Installation and construction of building curtain walls;
b. Tension construction of prestressed structures;
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c. Tunnel engineering construction;
d. Bridge engineering construction (including bridge erection);
e. Special equipment construction;
f , grid and cable-membrane structure construction;
g, slope construction above 6m;
h, diversion and interception construction of large rivers and rivers;
i. Port engineering and waterway engineering;
j. The use of new technologies, new processes, and new materials may affect the quality and safety of construction projects. Construction that has received administrative permission but does not yet have technical standards.
3. If there are 5 or more temporary power equipment or the total capacity of the equipment is 50kw or more, a temporary power construction organization design should be prepared.
Existing problems: The construction organization design and special plan approval are not standardized, and there is a phenomenon of approval by the project manager and project technical leader.
Correct approach:
1. All project construction organization design and temporary power construction organization design should be organized by the company's chief engineer to organize technology, safety, planning, equipment, materials and other related functions department for review and approval by the Chief Engineer. Those who review and approve the construction organization design (plan) should have clear opinions and signatures, and the functional departments should stamp them. It can only be implemented after the signature of the chief engineering engineer, and full-time production safety management personnel will conduct on-site supervision during the construction process.
2. The special safety plan shall be reviewed by the professional technical personnel of the technical department of the construction enterprise and the professional supervision engineer of the supervision unit. If it passes the review, it shall be reviewed by the company’s chief engineer (or technical person in charge of the construction enterprise) and the general manager of the supervision unit. It can only be implemented after the engineer signs it.
3. Any company that has a special safety construction plan that meets the following standards should also organize an expert group to conduct demonstrations. The expert group must submit a written demonstration review report, and the construction company should improve it based on the demonstration review report. It can only be implemented after the chief engineer (or technical person in charge) and chief supervising engineer of the construction company sign it. The written argumentation and review report of the expert group should be used as an attachment to the special safety construction plan. During the implementation process, the construction company should strictly organize the construction in accordance with the special safety plan.
(1) Deep foundation pit project
The excavation depth exceeds 5m (including 5m) or the basement has more than three floors (including three floors), or the depth does not exceed 5m (including 5m) ), but the geological conditions, surrounding environment and underground pipelines are extremely complex projects.
(2) Underground excavation projects
Underground excavations and tunnel projects with complex geology such as caves, underground rivers, gas, rock bursts, mud surges, and faults.
(3) Tall formwork project
The height of the horizontal concrete member formwork support system exceeds 8m, or the span exceeds 18m, the total construction load is greater than 10kN/m2, or the concentrated line load is greater than 15kN/ m formwork support system.
(4) Projects for high-altitude operations of 30m and above
(5) Projects for deep-water operations in large rivers and rivers
(6) Urban house demolition blasting and Other large-scale earth and rock blasting projects
3. When designing and changing the temporary power construction organization, the "preparation, review, and approval" procedures must be carried out. The preparation shall be organized by electrical engineering technicians, reviewed by relevant departments and have legal persons. It will be implemented after approval by the technical director of the qualified enterprise. When changing the design of the power consumption organization, relevant drawings and information should be supplemented.
4. The project department’s safety assurance plan should be prepared before the project starts and implemented after approval by the project manager. The safety technical measures for sub-projects and sub-projects must be approved by the project technical personnel. Only after they are qualified can they be put into construction of each process. Otherwise, construction is prohibited.
Existing problems: The three-level safety education for workers entering the site is unclear, the company’s safety education is uniformly arranged by the project department, and the safety production technology briefing before construction is handed down by the safety officer and other irregularities.
Correct approach:
1. Three-level safety education should be organized when workers enter the site. Three-level safety education refers to safety education at the three levels of the company, project department, and construction team. The safety department of the group company or branch should send full-time safety management personnel to the construction site to provide corresponding safety production education to workers. The company's education content includes: national and local guidelines, policies, regulations, standards, norms, procedures and enterprise safety rules and regulations related to production safety. The project department’s education content includes: construction site safety system, construction site environment, project construction characteristics and possible unsafe factors. The content of the construction team education includes: safe operating procedures for this type of work, accident case analysis, labor discipline and job requirements, etc. The content, time and assessment results of third-level education must have corresponding original records.
2. Before the start of large-scale projects, key projects and key projects specified within the enterprise, the technical person in charge of the enterprise shall be responsible, and the safety personnel of the safety management agency shall participate, and safety technical plans shall be provided to the construction personnel participating in the construction. Tell the truth.
3. Before the implementation of each sub-project, key process, and special plan, the project technical leader, together with the safety officer, project construction worker, and foreman, will explain the safety technical measures to the construction personnel participating in the construction. .
4. The general contractor shall explain safety technical measures to the subcontracting unit, and the technical person in charge of the project of the subcontracting unit shall explain the safety technical measures to the operation team.
5. The leader of the work team should brief the team members on safe work techniques.
6. All safety technical disclosures should be detailed, comprehensive, targeted, and must have written records. Both parties to the disclosures should perform signature procedures, and each disclosure party should retain a set of written disclosure records. At the same time, it should be filed with technology, construction, and safety parties.
Existing problems: Relevant safety facilities are not accepted or the acceptance is not standardized, and the acceptance procedures are incomplete.
Correct approach: The project department should establish a construction safety inspection and acceptance system, and must adhere to the principle of "can only be used after passing the inspection". Items included in the construction safety inspection and acceptance scope include:
1. Various types of scaffolding, derricks, gantry frames and unloading platforms.
Commonly used fastener-type steel pipe scaffolding must be inspected and accepted at the following stages: after the foundation is completed and before the scaffolding is erected; before loads are applied to the working layer; after each 10-13m height is erected ; After reaching the design height; after encountering level 6 strong winds and heavy rain; after freezing in cold areas; and out of service for more than one month.
Inspection and acceptance personnel: The company's safety department, together with the project manager, project technical leader, safety officer, operation team leader and on-site supervision engineer, must agree to acceptance before it can be put into use.
2. Support and protection of facilities and trenches.
Inspection and acceptance personnel: project manager, project technical leader, safety officer, operation team leader and on-site supervision engineer can only be put into use after passing the inspection and acceptance (large facilities and trench support protection must be provided by the company The security department participates in the acceptance).
3. Set up good horizontal safety nets and vertical nets.
Inspection and acceptance personnel: project manager, project technical leader, safety officer, operation team leader and on-site supervision engineer must all agree and accept before being put into use.
4. Temporary power facilities.
Inspection and acceptance personnel: Temporary power projects must be unanimously accepted by the preparation, review, approval department and the user unit, and can be put into use only after passing the inspection.
5. Various lifting machinery, construction elevators and small and medium-sized mechanical equipment.
After each installation of various hoisting machinery and construction elevators, the installation unit shall debug and test run the hoisting machinery and construction elevators. Before handing over to the user unit, the construction lifting firearms inspection and testing agency shall be entrusted with the inspection and testing agency to conduct an installation quality acceptance jointly with the property rights and user unit.
All kinds of hoisting machinery and construction elevators must undergo daily maintenance during use; conduct inspections at least once a month and keep records; regularly check and repair safety protection devices, and do Good record.
The acceptance of small and medium-sized mechanical equipment must be approved by the project manager, project technical leader, safety officer, mechanical administrator and on-site supervision engineer before it can be put into use.
6. Personal protective equipment such as safety helmets, safety belts, goggles, protective masks, insulating gloves, and insulating shoes.
Inspection and acceptance personnel: project manager, project technical leader, and safety officer can only be put into use after passing the inspection and acceptance.
Existing problems: Special operations personnel have misunderstandings and incomplete certificates; there are various problems such as lack of annual inspection, expired certificates, and non-standard certificates in relevant certificates.
Correct approach: Special types of work in the construction management process of construction projects refer to: crane workers, signal workers, tower crane drivers, machinery operators, construction electricians, scaffolders, welders and motor vehicle drivers. Among them, the cooks in the construction site canteen should hold a health certificate, and the canteen must also have a health permit.
The project department should assign dedicated personnel to keep various certificates and be responsible for annual inspections and training and certificate renewal in a timely manner.
Existing problems: some small-sized openings, elevator shafts, and edge protection have blind spots, protective measures are not standardized and are not in place; protective railings are in name only and do not meet the requirements.
Correct approach:
1. The edge protective railing should be composed of upper and lower horizontal bars and railing posts. The height of the upper bar from the ground is 1.0-1.2m, and the height of the lower bar is 1.0-1.2m. The height above the ground is 0.5-0.6m. When the roof is larger than 1:2.2, the protective railings should be higher than 1.5m and a safety net should be hung.
2. Openings on floors, roofs, platforms, etc. whose short side dimension is less than 25cm but greater than 2.5cm must be covered with solid cover plates. The cover should be able to prevent movement and displacement.
3. The openings of garbage shafts and flues should be eliminated with the masonry or installation of floors, or the openings should be reserved for protection. When constructing pipe wells, in addition to handling them according to the above regulations, obvious signs should also be added. If there is temporary demolition, it must be approved by the person in charge of construction, and protective facilities must be restored after the work is completed.
4. From the lower edge to the floor or window sill and other vertical openings whose bottom surface is less than 80cm, if the side drop is greater than 2m, a 1.2m high temporary guardrail should be added.
5. Protective railings or fixed gates must be installed at the entrance of the elevator shaft; a safety net should be installed every two floors and at most 10m apart in the elevator shaft.
6. The openings between boards and walls must be provided with solid covers, protective railings, safety nets or other protective measures to prevent falls.
Existing problems: There are irregularities in scaffolding erection such as high sweeping poles, unreasonable scissor supports, improper laying of bamboo fence scaffolding boards, non-compliance with wall connection points, and connection between the discharging platform and the scaffolding. .
Correct approach:
1. The scaffolding must be equipped with vertical and horizontal sweeping poles; the vertical sweeping poles should be fixed on the vertical poles no more than 200mm away from the base epithelium using right-angle fasteners. The horizontal sweeping rod should also be fixed to the bacterium immediately below the longitudinal sweeping rod using right-angle fasteners.
2. Double-row scaffolding with a height of more than 24m must be reliably connected to the building using rigid wall fittings. For double-row scaffolding with a height of less than 24m, rigid wall fittings should be used to reliably connect to the building, or accessory connections using tie bars and jack braces can be used; the use of flexible wall fittings with only tie bars is strictly prohibited. The tie bars must be equipped with matching top supports, which should be reliably supported on concrete ring beams, columns and other structural parts. The tie bars should be made of two or more 4mm diameter steel wires twisted into one strand, and should not be less than 2 strands when used; steel bars with a diameter of not less than 6mm can also be used.
3. Double-row scaffolding with a height of more than 24m should be continuously provided with scissor braces along the entire length and height of the outer facade; double-row scaffolding with a height of less than 24m must be buckled at both ends of the outer facade. Set up a scissor brace and set it up continuously from bottom to top; the clear distance between the scissor braces in the middle shall not be greater than 15m. The overlap length of the scissor brace should not be less than 1m, and should be fixed with no less than 2 rotating fasteners, usually three fasteners.
4. Bamboo fence scaffolding boards should be laid perpendicular to the longitudinal and horizontal direction with their main reinforcements, and should be laid flat butt joints. The four corners should be fixed on the longitudinal horizontal poles with galvanized steel wires with a diameter of 1.2mm.
5. The construction load on the scaffolding operation layer should meet the design requirements and must not be overloaded. Formwork, wind ropes, conveying pipes for pumping concrete and mortar, etc. are not allowed to be fixed to the scaffolding; at the same time, it is strictly prohibited to hang lifting equipment.
Existing problems: Some fire protection measures at the construction site are not in place and do not meet the requirements.
Correct approach:
Project department safety fire protection facility layout requirements:
1. Principles for setting up fire water supply
⑴. The height exceeds 24m projects;
⑵, projects with more than 10 floors;
⑶, important projects and projects with large construction area.
2. Fire water supply pipe network
⑴. There should be no less than two temporary vertical pipes in the project, arranged in a ring. The diameter of each vertical pipe should be based on the required water supply column. The number of strands is calculated based on the water discharge from the fire hydrant on the top floor, but shall not be less than 10cm;
⑵ For ordinary tower-type residential and public buildings with a height less than 50m and an area of ??each floor not exceeding 500m2, a temporary Standpipe.
⑶. In the construction of high-rise buildings such as high-end hotels, restaurants, and office buildings with 20 or more floors (inclusive), special high-pressure water pumps for fire extinguishing should be installed; at the same time, a reservoir of no less than 20m3 should be installed at the bottom of the building; If the water pressure at higher levels is insufficient, a relay pump should be installed in the middle of the floor.
3. Arrangement of temporary fire hydrants
⑴. Temporary fire hydrants in the project should be installed in obvious and easy-to-use locations on each floor, and ensure that the water jet from the fire hydrant reaches any part of the project. The water outlet direction of the fire hydrant should be at a 90-degree angle to the wall and 1.2m above the ground.
⑵. The diameter of the fire hydrant should not be less than 65mm, the length of each section of the water hose should not exceed 20m, and the diameter of the water gun nozzle should not be less than 19mm. When setting up a fire pump, a button to start the fire pump should also be provided at each fire hydrant.
⑶. The arrangement of temporary fire hydrants should ensure that the sufficient water column can reach any part of the project.
⑷. All high-rise buildings should be equipped with fire pumps, fire hydrants and other fire-fighting equipment, and there should be eye-catching fire prevention signs.
4. Equipment of fire extinguishers at the construction site
⑴. In general temporary facilities areas, two 10L fire extinguishers are required for every 100m2. Large temporary facilities with a total area of ??more than 1200 m2 should be equipped with equipment and facilities such as safety barrels, water buckets (pools), and yellow sand pools specially used for fire protection.
⑵ Carpentry rooms, paint rooms, machine tool rooms, etc. should be equipped with a suitable fire extinguisher for every 250m2; oil depots, dangerous goods warehouses, power distribution rooms or stockyards should be equipped with sufficient quantities and types according to the characteristics of the fire extinguishing objects. fire extinguisher.
⑶. In the construction of high-rise building projects, two fire extinguishers should be installed per 100m2 according to the floor area. The specific layout should be configured in a targeted manner according to the actual situation of the project.
⑷. There should be no less than 4 fire extinguishers in each group, and the distance between each group of fire extinguishers should not be greater than 30m.
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