At noon on August 15, 1945, Emperor Hirohito of Japan issued the "End of War Edict" via radio and announced unconditional surrender on the 15th. World War II ended with the Allies' victory.

On September 2, 1945, Japanese Foreign Minister Aoi Shigemitsu and Army Chief of Staff Yoshijiro Umezu formally signed the instrument of surrender on the USS Missouri; on September 9, 1945, the surrender ceremony of the Chinese theater was held at CSKA Nanjing The ceremony was held in the Military Academy Auditorium. On behalf of Japan, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Invading Army, Okamura Neiji, formally submitted the instrument of surrender to He Yingqin, the Army Commander-in-Chief, representing the Government of the Republic of China. Okamura Neiji took the surrender document with both hands and signed "Okamura Neiji" "Four words, then stamped. The Anti-Japanese War and World War II officially ended; in May 1946, the Nationalist Government returned its capital to Nanjing.

In June 1942, the Battle of Midway ended, and the U.S. military began a major counteroffensive; in November 1943, the Allied forces began a major counteroffensive, commanded by Nimitz and MacArthur respectively, to occupy Japan from the Central Pacific and the Southwest Pacific. In the spring and summer of 1944, the United States successively seized the Marshall Islands, the Caroline Islands, and the Mariana Islands, which were mandated by Japan; in October, the Battle of Leyte Gulf broke out, and Japan's naval and air power was completely lost; in January 1945, the United States Landing on Luzon Island, they occupied Manila in March; from March to June 1945, the US military occupied Iwo Jima and Okinawa, approaching the Japanese mainland; in May 1945, Germany announced its unconditional surrender. In order to preserve its homeland and North Korea, Japan launched an unprecedented war mobilization, calling for a "Decisive Battle on Homeland." On July 26, 1945, the heads of government of China, the United States, and the United Kingdom issued the "Potsdam Declaration" urging Japan to surrender unconditionally. Japan refused. No surrender; from February 4 to 11, 1945, Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union signed the "Yalta Agreement", which stipulated that the Soviet Union should declare war on Japan within three months after the end of the European war. China was not invited to participate. Because the United States and Britain sacrificed China's sovereignty (such as recognizing the independence of Outer Mongolia) in exchange for the conditions for the Soviet Union to send troops to Japan.

Since March 1945, the Japanese army has successively launched the Battle of Western Henan and Northern Hubei and the Battle of Western Hunan. The National Revolutionary Army recaptured Nanning on May 27, 1945, and Liuzhou on June 29, 1945. On July 7, 1945, the Military Commission of the National Government announced the results of the Anti-Japanese War and announced that the situation of the Anti-Japanese War had turned from defensive to offensive. An ultimatum was issued in 1945, ordering them to surrender unconditionally; on July 12, 1945, Chinese paratroopers launched their first battle, with 180 people parachuted into Kaiping County, Guangdong, to attack the Japanese army; on July 14, 1945, the Army General Headquarters formulated a plan to include Guilin, Leizhou Peninsula, Hengyang, and Qu Counterattack plan with Jiangsu, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong as operational targets. On July 31, 1945, General Chennault received an order from Lieutenant General Wedemeyer of the United States Air Force Command, and his duties in the China Theater were officially relieved. On July 26, 1945, the leaders of the United States, Britain and China jointly issued the "Potsdam Declaration", urging Japan to surrender unconditionally, otherwise it would deal a "final blow" to Japan; since the United States had successfully tested the atomic bomb at this time, the United States' new President Truman was not very interested in the Soviet Union's participation in the war, so he did not invite the Soviet Union for consultation or signature, which caused the Soviet Union to be quite dissatisfied. On August 9, 1945, the Communist Party of China published "The Last Battle against the Japanese Invaders" by Mao Zedong. Connect the originally scattered anti-Japanese base areas one by one; from August 10 to 11, 1945, the Yan'an headquarters issued an order for the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to launch a comprehensive counterattack. On August 18, 1945, China and France signed a special treaty to return Guangzhou Bay.