1. How to carry out health education in general surgery

Set up a popular science bulletin board and carry out written education in conjunction with the health education manual. According to the characteristics of this department: many patients, short hospitalization time, patients and their families For the lack of disease knowledge, we made full use of the popular science bulletin board and wrote briefly and clearly in the bulletin board the causes and prevention methods of common diseases in general surgery, as well as some issues that patients should pay attention to before and after surgery. At the same time, comprehensive science popularization and health knowledge materials are produced into an easy-to-understand health education manual with pictures and texts for patients to read, so that they can understand the basic knowledge of the diseases they suffer from, so as to self-regulate.

1.2 Use morning care, work seminars and timely language education during treatment operations. In view of the actual situation of complicated nursing work content, lack of staff and overloaded workload of nursing staff, make full use of each Opportunities for contact with patients, including targeted publicity and education for patients and their families during morning care, when patrolling wards, and when patients are admitted to the hospital. For example, after appendectomy and cholecystectomy, when vital signs are stable, Instruct patients to turn over, get up, etc. to promote the recovery of intestinal peristalsis and reduce the occurrence of intestinal adhesions; patients with indirect hernia repair should rest in bed after surgery and should not get up and move around frequently to avoid increasing intra-abdominal pressure and leading to recurrence of the disease. The missionary content is concise and easy to understand. At the same time, we provide specific and targeted education to patients and their families during care, so that patients and their families can easily understand and accept it, thereby gaining their active cooperation, which is conducive to the speedy recovery of the body. Regularly hold work break symposiums to organize patients and their families to learn relevant health knowledge, solicit their opinions and requests, dispel their concerns, help people maintain good living and hygiene habits, choose a reasonable diet, and prevent the occurrence of disease complications. Promote recovery.

2 Experiences

2.1 Improved the nurse-patient relationship and enhanced the affinity between nurses and patients. In the process of implementing health education for patients, the nurses provided sincere and detailed guidance, which made the patients During the hospitalization, I mastered a wealth of health knowledge, which enhanced my trust in nurses. I was able to actively participate in health maintenance, actively cooperate with nurses, and harmonize the nurse-patient relationship.

2.2 Promote nurses to continue to carry out continuing education and study, and strive to improve their own quality. When conducting science popularization and health education for patients, nurses need to have good qualities. You must have rich clinical medical knowledge and proficient business skills. At the same time, you must also have knowledge of marginal subjects and be persuasive. Because easy-to-understand knowledge makes it easy for patients to understand and remember, rich and substantial knowledge makes patients feel admirable, and fresh and vivid knowledge has a strong appeal to patients. In this way, nurses have a sense of urgency and must constantly study hard. , update knowledge and enrich yourself.

3 Issues that should be paid attention to in propaganda

3.1 The content of the popular science bulletin board should be changed frequently, the propaganda should be targeted, the content should be concise and clear, and the explanation should be easy to understand, fresh and vivid.

3.2 Nurses should establish a modern nursing concept, clarify the concept of health education, and understand the importance of health education. Their self-knowledge should be constantly updated and enriched, so as to make science popularization materials more practical and scientific, and improve The ability and skills of health education enable health education to be implemented.

3.3 The timing of health education must be properly grasped, and attention must be paid to individual differences, step by step, and getting to the point gradually. At the same time, pay attention to the emotional changes of patients, and conduct corresponding health education according to the situation to fully improve the effect of education.

2. Surgical admission nursing and health education

Theme 1: Gastroduodenal ulcer health knowledge education - preoperative preparation, postoperative care Preoperative preparation: 1. Dietary conditioning , Eat less but more carefully, and choose foods with high nutritional value, such as milk, eggs, fish, etc.

Supplement with vitamin-containing fruits, and maintain small meals with frequent meals. The staple food is soft rice and noodles. 2. Practice using the bedpan before surgery to prepare for defecation during the postoperative period.

Practice deep breathing and coughing techniques. 3. Clean the intestines the day before the operation, and be guided in swallowing movements when the gastric tube is inserted on the morning of the operation.

Postoperative care: 1. It is normal for the body temperature to be below 38 or 5 degrees three days after the operation. It is the heat absorbed by the surgery and does not require treatment. 2. Keep each drainage tube unobstructed, do not bend it, and be careful not to pull the drainage tube when turning over or getting out of bed to prevent it from falling off.

Patients with gastric tubes should receive oral care twice a day. 3. You can drink a small amount of water on the day after extubation, 4-5 tablespoons each time, once every 1-2 hours.

Avoid milk and foods with high sugar content to avoid causing bloating. Eat small amounts and often, and avoid hard, oily, fried, strong tea, pepper and other non-toxic foods. 4. Early out-of-bed activities: On the first day after surgery, sit up and move your joints and muscles in bed. If there are no contraindications, you can start getting out of bed and supporting the bed on the second day to promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent intestinal adhesion.

5. Exercise appropriately and do not lift objects weighing more than 10 pounds within six weeks to keep your mood comfortable. Theme 2: Health knowledge education on cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - causes, pre- and post-operative and discharge instructions Cause: Biliary tract infection - caused by bile retention, bacterial or parasitic invasion.

Cholelithiasis - stone formation is mainly related to increased cholesterol metabolism, bile retention, biliary parasites and biliary infection. Clinical manifestations: Cholecystitis - paroxysmal pain in the right upper abdomen, which often occurs after greasy food or a heavy meal. The pain can radiate to the right shoulder, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fever.

Cholelithiasis - abdominal pain, paroxysmal cramping and tenderness in the right upper quadrant and subxiphoid process. Chills and high fever, jaundice.

Treatment: Surgery is the main treatment. Preoperative guidance: 1. It is advisable to eat a light, easy-to-digest diet, avoid fatty meat, fried, deep-fried and other high-fat foods, and supplement vitamins B, C, and K at the same time.

2. If jaundice causes skin itching, follow the instructions and use medicine or warm water scrub to relieve the symptoms. Do not scratch with your hands to prevent infection. 3. Stop smoking before surgery to reduce the chance of lung infection.

4. Special inspection. 5. *** 1 time the day before surgery, and a gastric tube and urinary tube will be placed on the morning of surgery.

Postoperative instructions: 1. Lie down for 6 hours after the operation and the blood pressure will be stable, taking a semi-recumbent position to facilitate drainage. 2. You can try getting out of bed on the second day after surgery to promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent intestinal adhesions.

3. Keep each drainage tube unobstructed, do not fold or press the drainage tube, and be careful not to pull it when turning over or getting out of bed to avoid falling off. 4. Diet: After the gastric tube is removed after intestinal peristalsis is restored, you can eat a high-protein, high-fiber, low-fat diet and foods containing vitamins B and K.

5. T-tube care: Keep the drainage tube unobstructed and do not bend, press or fall off to avoid the formation of bile peritonitis. Generally, try clamping the tube about 2 weeks after the tube is inserted. If there is no discomfort after 48-72 hours Extubation may be considered, and biliary manometry or T-tube angiography may be performed before extubation. Discharge instructions: 1. Keep your mood comfortable and restore the function of the gallbladder to secrete bile through appropriate physical exercise.

2. Because bile will not be stored in the gallbladder after cholecystectomy, the digestion and absorption of fatty foods will be affected, so it is advisable to eat a high-protein, low-fat diet, and avoid eating fatty meats, fried foods, and more. Eat fruits and avoid overeating. 3. If diarrhea occurs, send a thin and mushy stool for testing 2-3 times a day. If there are no red blood cells and white blood cells in the stool, it is normal. It may be due to eating a small amount of fatty food and not being able to absorb it well.

4. If you are discharged from the hospital with a T-tube, it means that there may be residual stones in the bile duct. After the operation, you will go to the outpatient operating room to remove them through the T-tube according to the doctor's instructions to avoid suffering from further surgery. 5. If the wound appears red, swollen, painful or has high fever, please return for a follow-up visit. If there are no special circumstances, go out for an outpatient examination one month later.

6. There is no need to cover the wound with gauze 24 hours after the stitches are removed, and you can take a shower. Theme 3: Breast cancer health knowledge education (repost) - preoperative guidance, postoperative functional exercise 1. Cause: related to estrogen changes and endocrine disorders.

2. Symptoms: *** Painless lumps appear. 3. Treatment: (1) Surgical treatment.

(2) Radiotherapy. (3) Hormone therapy.

(4) Chemical drug treatment. 4. Preoperative guidance: (1) Keep a happy mood.

(2) Eat a nutritious diet high in protein, high in calories, and high in vitamins to improve the body’s resistance. (3) Breast cancer patients during pregnancy and lactation should terminate pregnancy and wean immediately.

(4) Skin preparation of the surgical field: Pay special attention to the cleaning of the vagina and areola. If skin grafting is required, the skin of the donor area should be prepared. If there are skin ulcers, the skin should be prepared three days before the operation. Start changing the dressing twice a day, and wipe and disinfect the skin around the ulcer with alcohol. 5. Postoperative functional exercise: In order to reduce the impact of scar shrinkage on the function of the affected limb, you can do fisting, wrist flexion and other movements on the 1st to 2nd day after the operation, elbow flexion exercises on the 3rd to 4th day, and palm touching on the affected side on the 5th day. For the contralateral shoulder and ipsilateral auricle, you can do shoulder exercises on the 7th day. On the 9th to 12th day, you can exercise the affected limb and do finger wall climbing exercises. Initially, use the palm of the unaffected side to support the elbow on the affected side and slowly raise it. Until it is at shoulder level, practice placing the palm of the affected side behind the neck on the 14th day, starting with the head-down position and gradually reaching the head-up position.

Theme 4: Perioperative health education for gastric cancer patients (zt) Education content 1. Implement protective medical measures and provide psychological guidance. The patient’s family members require that the patient be kept confidential and should cooperate with the implementation of protective medical measures. However, The patient's family should explain the condition and obtain cooperation. According to the different situations of patients, we actively provide psychological counseling and patiently, meticulously and popularly explain relevant medical knowledge to patients.

2. Preoperative guidance (1). Dietary guidance: Patients with gastric cancer are generally in the middle or late stages when symptoms appear and seek treatment. The body consumes a lot of money and often suffers from symptoms of malnutrition. You should eat more nutritious, easy-to-digest, non-toxic, low-residue diet, and eat small meals frequently.

Patients with severe obstruction should fast and supplement high-energy nutrition or elemental diet intravenously according to doctor’s instructions. (2). Gastrointestinal tract preparation: Fully explain the importance of gastrointestinal tract preparation to the patient, and instruct the patient to eat a liquid diet, such as lean meat soup, milk, vegetable soup, etc. the day before the operation.

Cleanse and fast the night before the operation. On the morning of the operation, a gastric tube is left in place to drain the gastric contents. For those with pyloric obstruction, use 300 to 500 ml of warm normal saline every night for three days before the operation. Gastric lavage is performed to facilitate the smooth operation. (3) Education before surgery: Practice urinating in bed one week before surgery to avoid urinary tract infection caused by leaving a urinary catheter for too long after surgery.

Teach the patient three days before surgery.

3. What are the common diseases in general surgery?

General surgery uses surgery as the main method to treat liver, biliary tract, pancreas, gastrointestinal, anorectal, vascular diseases, thyroid and vaginal diseases. The clinical disciplines of tumors, trauma and other diseases are the largest specialty in the surgical system.

Generally speaking, the diseases covered by general surgery are:

1. Neck diseases, such as neck injuries, thyroid diseases, etc.

2. Breast diseases, such as breast cancer.

3. Peripheral vascular diseases, such as varicose veins of lower limbs.

4. Abdominal wall diseases, such as inguinal hernia, etc.

5. Abdominal emergencies, such as trauma, peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc.

6. Gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastric perforation, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, gastric cancer, colon cancer, etc.

7. Anorectal diseases, such as hemorrhoids, anal fistula, rectal cancer, etc.

8. Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and spleen diseases, such as liver cancer, cholecystitis, biliary stones, pancreatitis, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, etc.

9. Others, such as congenital abdominal diseases in children, retroperitoneal tumors, etc.

Nursing routines include

1. General nursing routines

2. Pre-operative nursing routines

3. Post-operative nursing routines

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4. Routine anesthesia care

5. Skin preparation before surgery

6. Routine shock care

7. And special conditions for specific diseases Nursing

Because there is a lot of nursing content, you can read "Surgical Nursing" Author: Wang Yue Editor-in-chief ISBN: 10th place [7302137285] 13th place [9787302137283] Publisher: Tsinghua University Press.

It’s hard to answer the specific question. This is a subject. Nursing majors can go to the medical bookstore and library to look for it. This is a textbook.

As for health guidance, here is

1. Admission education

1. Educational goals: adapt to the ward environment as soon as possible and establish good medical compliance behaviors

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2. Education content: (1) Ward environment; (2) Department personnel; (3) Dining rules; (4) Placement of personal belongings; (5) Visiting and accompanying system; (6) Patient District safety; (7) Rest time; (8) Level of care requirements; (9) Leave cancellation system; (10) Others.

3. Educational methods: (1) Explain or guide patients and their families to read the admission instructions; (2) Point out the location of the ward’s environmental facilities; (3) Explain the necessity of establishing medical compliance behavior .

4. Effect evaluation: (1) Recite the relevant provisions of hospital instructions; (2) Willing to abide by hospital rules and regulations. 2. Preoperative education

1. Educational goals: Improve patients’ ability to adapt to surgery and reduce preoperative anxiety.

2. Needs assessment: (1) The patient’s desire and ability to learn; (2) The patient’s psychological response and tolerance to surgery; (3) The patient’s lack of knowledge.

3. Education content: (1) Help patients understand knowledge related to surgery and anesthesia; (2) Preoperative preparation items, significance and coordination points.

4. Behavioral training: (1) Respiratory function training; (2) Effective expectoration; (3) Body language training; (4) Bed defecation; (5) Limb function training; (6) *** Training; (7) Rehabilitation exercises; (8) Smoking cessation training.

5. Educational methods: (1) Explain or guide the reading of college education manuals; (2) Demonstrate behavioral training methods; (3) Recommend relevant learning materials; (4) Play special videos; (5) Patients’ personal experiences; (6) Special lectures.

6. Effect evaluation: (1) Able to correctly repeat the key points of preoperative preparation knowledge; (2) Correctly demonstrate behavioral training techniques; (3) Emotional stability, anxiety reduced or eliminated.

3. Postoperative education

1. Educational goal: Help patients improve postoperative cooperation and reduce complications.

2. Needs assessment: (1) The patient's mastery of the preoperative behavioral training content; (2) The patient's psychological preparation and stress response for the operation; (3) The patient's postoperative cooperation ability and level.

3. Education content: (1) Tell the patient about the environment; (2) Precautions for oxygen inhalation; (3) The significance of various life channels; (4) Methods of expressing pain; (5) ) The significance of various lying positions; (6) Diet; (7) Rehabilitation exercises; (8) Self-care ability training; (9) Compliance with doctors.

4. Educational methods: (1) Explain knowledge about postoperative cooperation; (2) Demonstrate behavioral training methods; (3) Recommend relevant learning materials; (4) Patients’ personal experiences.

5. Effect evaluation: (1) Clarify the significance of various nursing measures; (2) Actively participate in nursing care to prevent complications.

4. Discharge education

1. Educational goals: Help patients improve their self-care abilities and promote functional recovery.

2. Educational content: (1) Activities, rest and sleep; (2) Correct use of medication; (3) Wound protection; (4) Balanced diet; (5) Self-care and rehabilitation knowledge; (6 ) Functional exercise; (7) Follow-up and regular review.

3. Educational methods: (1) Guide reading of specialist education manuals; (2) Demonstrate self-care skills; (3) Establish post-discharge consultation contact.

4. Effect evaluation: (1) Review the precautions for home care after discharge; (2) Master self-care and functional exercise methods.

Each hospital has different methods, but they are all similar. The above is very specific.

I wish you all the best

4. Nursing publicity is urgently needed in general surgery

General surgery nursing innovation new model language is a communication widely used by people in social life Tools are like a mirror, reflecting a person's thoughts, sentiments, morals, culture, cultivation, etc.; in a hospital, they also reflect the spiritual outlook and moral standards of a department and a team.

The general surgery nursing team of our hospital, while providing routine care to patients, pays special attention to the application of linguistics in nursing work, taking it as an important indicator for nurse assessment. After long-term exploration by all the nurses in our department, a set of language nursing skills with the characteristics of general surgery has been formed.

In terms of communicating with patients, if the nurse can use a variety of appropriate communication methods according to the situation, the effectiveness of her communication with the client will be significantly increased, which means that she must distinguish between For communication objects, pay attention to the occasion and time of communication, fully understand the patient's psychological state, and pay attention to the tone and emotion of speech to adapt to patients of different ages and levels. Communication can use a combination of verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Through communication and communication, we can understand the patient's psychological state and establish a relationship of mutual trust with the patient, which is beneficial to the patient's diagnosis, treatment and recovery.

With good communication skills and interpersonal relationships, we have won the first step in carrying out nursing work. Through conversations with patients, many psychological and social problems that cause their diseases will be revealed one by one. After treatment, we can provide appropriate psychological care for these problems, making them mentally peaceful and peaceful, temporarily forgetting the troubles and pressures caused by family, society, and economy, and allowing patients to devote themselves wholeheartedly to the recovery process. If an elderly person cannot eat by himself due to a defect in his ability to take care of himself, the nurse should help him eat.

A child cannot see the scenery outside the window because he cannot move around. The nurse should try to help him to realize his wish. A female patient has lost confidence in life and feels that she cannot be loved by others and cannot be loved. In response to the concern of relatives and friends, the nurse should diversify her role at this time, not only as her treatment caregiver, but also as her relatives and friends, take the initiative to get close and talk to her, and provide appropriate care to improve her self-confidence. While providing psychological care to patients, family members, children, relatives and friends should also be warned to cooperate and support, and not to give patients too much stimulation, so that they can build up the confidence to defeat the disease.

Practice has proved that language is an important means of psychotherapy and psychological care, and it plays an irreplaceable role in patient care. Nurses should learn to integrate all kinds of knowledge they have learned with the treatment of diseases, and instill them into patients bit by bit, so as to ultimately achieve early recovery of patients.

General surgical nursing health education methods and experiences. Health education is an important part of holistic nursing and one of the most successful links in holistic nursing practice [1]. It has played a role in promoting the transformation of medical and health services from concepts to The role of work model transformation reflects three benefits, namely: benefit to patients, benefit to the development of the hospital, and benefit to the construction of the nursing profession and the development of the discipline. 1. The purpose of health education: General surgical nursing implements humanized services and promotes "five-star" services.

According to relevant expert statistics, more than 60% of medical disputes are caused by poor communication between doctors and patients [2]. The General Surgery Department of our hospital vigorously promotes the humanized service of "one center, three services, five ones, and three hearts".

One center, that is, everything is centered on the patient's health. The three services are smile service, problem service, and greeting service. The five are a greeting, a warm smile, and a tidy bed. , a polite and concise admission introduction, a glass of clean boiled water, and three hearts: full of responsibility for the treatment and care of patients, treating patients sincerely like friends, and being patient in all kinds of explanations, so that the nursing staff can gradually change their service concepts and services. model to create a harmonious, proactive and cooperative nurse-patient relationship, with patient satisfaction reaching over 99.5.

2 Methods of health education 2.1 Health education is a process that helps individuals and groups master health care knowledge, establish health concepts, and voluntarily adopt educational activities that are conducive to healthy behaviors and lifestyles through belief dissemination and behavioral intervention [3].

2.2 Maintain the consistency of medical and nursing health education to avoid medical and nursing disputes. Hospital health education obligations are jointly borne by doctors and nurses. In the process of health education, there is a lot of knowledge involved in the pathophysiological changes and outcomes of diseases, self-care methods, etc. If nurses lack professional knowledge and lack of communication with doctors, Insufficient communication among nurses may lead to inadequate or even incorrect explanations from nurses, or inconsistent or even inconsistent explanations from the doctors in charge. This not only reduces patients' trust in nurses, but may also lead to medical care disputes.

For example, if a child develops intramuscular hematoma after intramuscular injection, the nurse instructs the family members to apply hot compresses immediately, and the doctor instructs the family members to apply cold compresses immediately. Later, the family members of the child follow the instructions and the hematoma expands after applying hot compresses, causing dissatisfaction among the family members. Sue the nurse. Therefore, nurses must strengthen the study of specialist nursing knowledge, regularly follow doctors for ward rounds, strengthen communication with doctors, improve the ability to carry out health education, and avoid the occurrence of the above problems.

2.3 Issues of division of labor and collaboration between doctors and nurses in health education. With the increase in medical disputes, the responsibilities and risks of medical care are also increasing.

Each nursing staff should accurately understand the legal scope of their duties and clearly understand which tasks they can perform independently and which tasks must be performed with medical advice and under the guidance of a doctor to prevent legal disputes. Nursing health education and doctors’ notification system overlap in content, but they also have their own scope and focus.

For example, doctors mainly inform patients of their condition, prognosis, and treatment plans, while nurses focus on the patient’s diet, sleep, excretion, medication, activities and exercise, environment and rules and regulations based on the doctor’s diagnosis and treatment plans. Provide explanations on other aspects, cooperate with doctors to complete treatment plans, and promote patient recovery. Therefore, in health education, doctors and nurses should strengthen the division of labor and cooperation, and make regulations that are consistent with the actual undergraduate requirements based on the characteristics of each hospital department, so as to help nurses clarify their scope of responsibilities during the health education process and perform health education obligations within the scope of their responsibilities.

If the nurse exceeds the scope of her duties and causes harm to the patient, the nurse will bear unshirkable legal responsibility. 2.4 Health education is more important to involve patients and their families in the diagnosis, treatment and care process.

The ultimate goal of health education is the acquisition of healthy behaviors, and behavioral changes are based on knowledge and motivated by beliefs. That's normal.