William young
Charming colors, mysterious feelings, soft and mellow red wine are full of fresh life juice and profound historical connotation.
Once upon a time, red wine created a new drinking culture in China, and traces of red wine can be seen everywhere in the market. Ordinary people don't know much about red wine, and drinking red wine is often "almost dry", which makes people who are interested in learning wine tasting very confused.
Before drinking red wine, you might as well learn about the temperament of red wine culture and red wine history, and subtly understand the nobility of red wine.
In fact, grapes are grown all over the world, so all countries in the world also produce wine. The temperate climate with an annual average temperature of 10-20 degrees Celsius is most suitable for growing grapes, while the places with abundant rainfall and high humidity hinder the growth of vines, so good soil drainage is also one of the conditions for planting. France is unique among many red wines because it is not only the country that brews the most kinds of wine in the world, but also produces countless world-famous high-grade wines.
Burgundy region: There are about 1800 wineries in this region, which are divided into six producing areas from south to north:
Chablis, Nuit, Bona, Marconai, Jean Makuen and beaujolais-the most important of the six districts in Burgundy consists of night slopes and inner slopes. La Romane Conti produced by Domaine de La Romanee Conti (DRC), a wine village in Vosne-Romanee, ranks first among red wines.
Bordeaux: There are more than 9,000 wineries (castles) in Bordeaux, France alone. The five major wine producing areas in this region are Medoc, Pomero, Saint Emilion, Graves and Sauternes.
Medoc is arguably the most important region, producing only red wine. Medoc can be subdivided into four small wine producing areas, namely, Saint Stephane, pauillac, Saint Julian and Margaux from north to south. Among them, pauillac's three famous wines, Mouton Rothschild (Mouton Rogge Castle), Lafite Rothschild (Lafite Castle) and latour (latour Castle), are like three diamonds, which makes pauillac a representative of Bordeaux.
Pomerol is only about 3% of Bordeaux's in this area, which is really "rare things are precious". If the "red wine giant diamond" is Romani Conti, as for the glory of the second throne, it should belong to' (Chateau Petrus, the masterpiece of Pomeroy in Bordeaux, France.
Saint Emilion is also a famous garden producing area. Before the middle of last century, the quality of wine in this area was generally poor, and there was even the irony of "coachman wine"! There are only two A-level companies: Chateau Ausone and Chateau Cheval-Blanc.
Graves: Chateau Haut Brion and Chateau Latour, Chateau Lafite-Rothschild, Chateau Margaux, Chateau Rothschild in Mouton (Mouton Logitech), Oubrion * * * enjoys the first-class top wine officially evaluated by Bordeaux, and is also one of the top five wineries in Bordeaux.
"Rhone Valley": Together with Burgundy and Bordeaux, it is called the three major wine producing areas in France. The most precious red wine in the whole Longhe region is La Turque in the slope area of Tirotti.
Wake up
Because red wine is considered as a living liquid and contains tannic acid, the changes of tannic acid after contact with air are very rich. The best way to tell the change of a bottle of wine is to pour two glasses for the first time after opening the bottle, drink one glass first, and then drink another glass until it is finished, so that you can clearly feel it. The wine changing time of each bottle is different, maybe 10 minute, maybe half an hour, maybe two hours later. How to discover the vitality of wine depends on your own feelings and experiences.
"downgrade"
The way to drink is to pour the wine into an eccentric shape, which is called drinking, but what is the purpose of drinking?
In fact, there are two ways, one is to remove the sediment that has been left for many years. Although these sediments are harmless to drink, they are harmful to the flavor of wine and must be removed.
The other is to awaken the original flavor of wine with less years from deep sleep. Because the cocktail party has the opportunity to contact with the air because of the drinking action, the sleeping wine will be mellow immediately.
"wine label"
How to choose a good bottle of red wine, the first requirement is smooth taste, what kind of taste is smoother, depending on personal preferences, tasting red wine is a very profound knowledge, learning wine tasting takes a long time of research and tempering, and learning to recognize wine is a relatively simple thing.
How to identify wine? Learn to read the label on the bottle first. The label of wine is also called "etiquette" (French, meaning license), just like a resume. Just as there is a saying among people who know wine, "Just look at the label to know its taste", the label does reveal information about the taste (characteristics) of wine. "There are many patterns on the label. What are you writing? I really want to know ... "Generally, the label will indicate: grape harvest year, wine name (named after the place of origin or winery), place of origin or place of origin, manor name, producer (winemaker) name, capacity, alcohol concentration, etc. According to the designer's design, there are various styles of labels, so the data is written in different locations.
The year of harvest → the weather of that year will affect the quality of grape harvest. The quality of a bottle of wine depends on the geological conditions of the producing area, the legal name of A.O.C. → A.O.C., the wine in the castle →Mis En Boteille Au Chateau, the signature of the winemaker → the further guarantee of wine quality.
French wines are divided into the following categories according to the Wine Law and their quality.
A.O.C wine is the general name of wine with the name of designated excellent producing area. This wine has very detailed restrictions on the place of origin (region, village, vineyard, etc.). ), and most of the wines imported from Japan are this kind of wine. The labeling method is as follows: Romane Conti CONTROLEE, and Romane Conti between the appellation and CONTROLEE is the name of the winery.
Vin De Pays (regional table wine) is a wine with limited grape producing areas. Its restrictions are less than those stipulated by A.O.C, and its price is more reasonable. If you look for it, you may find a wine of quite good quality!
Vin De Table is a wine that is not restricted by laws and regulations, and grapes from any producing area can be used for mixed brewing. Low cost is the characteristic of this wine. Whether it's delicious or not depends on the skillful hands of the producer, not the grade.
"How to brew red wine"
A. Stem removal: The so-called stem removal refers to removing the stem from the fruit in order to avoid unnecessary bitterness in the wine.
B. crushing: gently crushing the peel is called crushing.
C, fermentation: adding yeast into the broken grapes (together with the skins and seeds). Because the color of red wine comes from the peel, and astringency is the taste released by seeds.
D, juicing: juicing the fermented wine with a juicer.
E, fermentation: separating the squeezed wine from skins and seeds, and then only fermenting the wine. This stage is the key to determine the taste of wine, and fully fermented wine is not sweet.
F. Slag removal: After fermentation, the dissolved residual substances will automatically precipitate and can be removed smoothly. This process is called deslagging.
G. ripening: then put it in a barrel to make it fully mature, and the ripening period is about two years (but some people are not mature for two years).
H. bottling: you can bottle it when it is cooked.
"How to preserve wine"
The most taboo to preserve wine is the strong change of temperature. If you bought it at a store at room temperature, just leave it at home at room temperature. If you want to drink chilled wine, just freeze it before drinking it. If the wine is stored in the refrigerator, it is only suitable to be stored in a vegetable room with small temperature change. The most ideal and long-term storage environment is that the temperature is about 12~ 14 degrees Celsius, the humidity is about 65%~80%, and the bartender is in the basement. Keep it clean to prevent other smells from penetrating into the wine.
"Tasting steps"
1. Observe its color-put the wine in a goblet, hold the cup foot and observe its color.
2. Smell its fragrance-gently shake the glass to release the fragrance and smell its fragrance.
3. Taste-take a sip, let the wine dissolve on the tip of the tongue, and feel its taste and sweetness.
Bordeaux red wine
French red wine is unique among many red wines because France is not only the country that brews the most kinds of wine in the world, but also the country that produces countless world-famous high-grade wines. Its tastes are extremely diverse, so it is known as the "grape kingdom". French red wine has six major producing areas, including Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne, Alsace, Loire Valley and Phone Mountain, among which Bordeaux with mild climate and rich iron in soil is the most representative.
Bordeaux, France is subdivided into several producing areas, all located in the valley of Estuaire de la Gironde. It not only produces a lot of high-quality red wine, but also is known as the "world wine treasure house", among which there are five most famous producing areas. There are about 9,000 wineries in these producing areas, among which the five most famous wineries are world-famous.
Five major wine producing areas in France
Introduction of producing areas (according to the classification system of excellent Bordeaux wines in 1855)
Medoc (32, 1 10 acre) (only produces red wine)
Pomerol) 1.803 acre (red wine only)
Sanmillan12,676 acres (red wine only)
Graves) 5992 acres (producing red wine and unsweetened white wine)
Sauternes)3499 mu (only producing sweet white wine).
Five famous liquor stores in France
Margaux Winery (located in Meiduo District)
Latour Castle (located in Meadow District)
Mouton-Rothschild Castle (located in Meadow)
Lafite-Rothschild Winery (located in Meadow)
Upper Briant Castle (located in Graf)
Medoc red wine
Murdoch is the representative wine producing area of Bordeaux, producing the most advanced wine in the world, and Haut-Médoc is located in Murdoch's southern wine producing area. It includes several very famous commune producing areas, such as St-Estéphe, Pauillac and Margaux. Many world-famous wineries are located in these communes, especially in Pauillac and Margaux villages. The price of wine is as high as several thousand dollars, and there are about 70 villages in this area. Another famous village is the village of St. Julian.
Note 1 The five most representative producing areas in Bordeaux and the six important sub-producing areas in Upper Murdoch are, from north to south:
2,875 acres in Santa estay Fe.
Pauillac has 2,667 acres.
St. Julian) 2084 acres.
Listrac) 1, 53 1+0 acres
Moulis 1, 185 acres.
Margo) 3067 acres
Pomerol (Pomerol)
This region is the smallest among the top wine producing areas in Bordeaux, and its wine production capacity is only 65,438+05% of that of Saint Emilion, which makes wine rare and expensive. Although there is no formal classification system, there are about 13 super wineries in this area, but there is no complete legal classification system to list them, among which Pétrus winery has always been regarded as the first super winery.
Saint Emilion
The alcohol production capacity in this area is about two-thirds of that of the whole Murdoch production area, and it is also one of the most beautiful villages in France. The formal grading system was a century later than Murdoch's. It was graded in 1954 and revised in 1986. Among them, Ausong white wine enjoys a special position in top wineries. The following * * *, there are twelve wineries that can rival Murdoch.
Graves
From 1987, the good producing area in the north was divided into another legal producing area, called Pessac Leognan. The most famous winery is Chateau Haut-Brion (already seen in the classification system of 1855). In the classification of 1959, there are about 12 other wineries that produce good Graff red wine.