Main story: How was the universe formed? Where does it begin and where will it end? What is the nature of the universe? Why are humans here? Why do stars shine so brightly? This is a journey of discovery full of surprises. Following the footsteps of previous discoverers and exploring the mysteries of the universe will give you a completely new understanding of human existence and everything around you.

Professor Stephen Hawking is the greatest scientific thinker after Einstein. Under his leadership, we embark on a journey of exploration of the universe by scientists over the centuries. With his wisdom and enthusiasm, Professor Hawking gave the most detailed and clear explanations of the most complex theories, allowing us to realize how humans have gradually understood the properties of planets, stars, galaxies, universes, and even matter.

Extended information:

In the 1970s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1988. He is therefore known as the world's most famous scientific thinker and most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history.

The position he holds is the most lofty professorship ever held at Cambridge University, and he is a member of the Royal Society. Although he was sitting so helplessly in a wheelchair, his mind traveled brilliantly across the vastness of time and space to unravel the mysteries of the universe.

Cosmology is an ancient and young discipline. The evolution from the geocentric theory of Aristotle/Ptolemy to the heliocentric theory of Copernicus/Galileo took 2000 years. Surprisingly, although people know that everything in the world is moving, it was only after Hubble discovered the law of red shift in the 1920s that the concept of cosmic evolution entered human consciousness.

Hubble found that it can be inferred from the red shift of the galaxy spectrum that the farther away the galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us, which indicates that the entire universe is in a state of expansion. It is estimated that a ground-breaking event occurred 10 billion to 20 billion years ago, in which the universe was created from an extremely dense and extremely hot state with a big bang.

Hawking believes that his lifetime contribution is to prove the inevitability of black holes and big bang singularities in the framework of classical physics, and that black holes become larger and larger; but in the framework of quantum physics, he It is pointed out that black holes become smaller and smaller due to radiation, and the singularity of the Big Bang is not only smoothed out by quantum effects, but also the entire universe began here.

Freud's ultimate achievement was not in psychology, but in inspiring the development of literature and art. Stephen William Hawking gave cosmological research an artistic temperament. He made black holes a part of daily life, inspired people's curiosity, enriched human spiritual life, and broke the tendency to dehumanize science. We look up at the stars, the vast unknown territory.

Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England, on January 8, 1942. His father Frank and mother Isabel both studied at Oxford University. Frank majored in medicine, and Isabel studied philosophy, political science and economics. After the outbreak of World War II, Frank originally wanted to serve the country by joining the army. His superiors believed that he could make more valuable contributions to the country if he engaged in research work, so he worked as a researcher at a medical research institute, where Isabel was also studying. I found a secretarial job at the hospital.

They met here, fell in love, and got married. After their marriage, they lived in Highgate, a suburb near London. At that time, the Nazi German army was bombing England, and London was under almost constant air raids every night. The couple were forced to decide that Isabel should move to Oxford, a safer place, to give birth to the child. It was only after Stephen was born that Isabel returned to Highgate. They also had two daughters, Philippa and Mary, when Stephen was 1 and 5 years old. When Stephen was 14, they adopted a son, Edward.

On one occasion, he fell down the stairs and landed head first, causing temporary and slight memory loss. Things worsened at Cambridge University, where his speech was somewhat slurred.

Hawking's parents also noticed his health problems and took him to see a specialist. At the age of 21, doctors diagnosed him with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and he was only given two years to live. However, two years flew by and he was still alive.

In the late 1960s, Hawking's physical condition began to deteriorate again. He had to use crutches to walk and could no longer teach regularly. As Hawking gradually lost the ability to write, he developed an alternative visual method. He formed various mental patterns and mental equations in his mind. He could use these mental elements to think about physical problems. Physicist Werner Israel said that Hawking's thinking process was like Mozart writing an entire distinctive symphony using only his imagination.

Hawking was unwilling to give in to his illness, or even accept any help. He liked to be thought of first as a scientist, then as a science writer, and, above all, as a normal human being with the same desires, drives, dreams and ambitions as everyone else.

Hawking's speech function deteriorated year by year. By the late 1970s, only his family or close friends could understand him. To talk to other people, he had to rely on a translator. There was no disabled ramp for wheelchairs at the entrance to Hawking's office building. The University of Cambridge was unwilling to pay for the construction of a disabled ramp, so Hawking had a dispute with Cambridge.

He and his wife *** jointly launched a campaign to urge Cambridge to improve disabled facilities. However, Hawking's attitude towards his role as a spokesperson for disability rights is often very ambiguous. On the one hand, he wants to help the disabled community, but on the other hand, he wants to separate himself from his disability and the challenges that come with it. These attitudes have attracted some criticism.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Stephen William Hawking