Medical wastes refer to wastes with direct or indirect infectivity and toxicity generated by various medical and health institutions in medical treatment, prevention, health care, teaching, scientific research and other related activities, including infectious wastes, destructive wastes, pathological wastes, pharmaceutical wastes and chemical wastes. The following is the classified management of medical waste that I bring to you. Welcome to reading.
1 medical waste classification
Infectious waste: medical waste that carries pathogenic microorganisms and may cause the spread of infectious diseases.
1 Articles contaminated by patients' blood, body fluids and excreta include: cotton balls, cotton swabs, drainage tampons, gauze and other dressings; Disposable sanitary articles, disposable medical articles and disposable medical devices; Abandoned clothes; -Other articles contaminated by the patient's blood, body fluids and excreta.
2. Domestic garbage generated by isolated infectious disease patients or suspected infectious disease patients admitted by medical institutions.
3. Culture media, specimens, strains and virus preservation solutions of pathogens.
All kinds of discarded medical specimens.
5. Abandoned blood and serum.
Disposable medical supplies and disposable medical devices after use are regarded as infectious waste.
Hazardous waste: abandoned medical sharp instruments that can stab or cut human body.
1 medical needles and suture needles.
All kinds of medical sharp instruments, including scalpels, scalpels, scalpels and surgical saws.
3 slides, glass test tubes, glass ampoules, etc.
Pathological wastes: human wastes and medical experimental animal carcasses produced in the process of diagnosis and treatment.
1 Abandoned human tissues and organs produced during surgery and other diagnosis and treatment.
2. Tissue and corpse of medical experimental animals.
3 Waste human tissues and pathological wax blocks after pathological sectioning.
Drug waste: expired, eliminated, deteriorated or contaminated drugs.
1 Abandoned generic drugs, such as antibiotics and over-the-counter drugs.
Abandoned cytotoxic drugs and genotoxic drugs, including:-Carcinogenic drugs, such as azathioprine, chlorambucil, naphthalene nitrogen mustard, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, smecta, tamoxifen, thiotepa, etc. -Suspected carcinogenic drugs, such as cisplatin, mitomycin, adriamycin, etc. Immunosuppressant.
3 abandoned vaccines, blood products, etc.
Chemical waste: toxic, corrosive, flammable and explosive waste chemicals.
1 Waste chemical reagents in medical imaging room and laboratory. Harmless chemical wastes, such as sugar, amino acids and some organic or inorganic salts. Hazardous chemical wastes include toxic and corrosive (acid and alkali, etc.). ), flammable and explosive substances. Formaldehyde, a common harmful chemical waste produced in hospitals; Chemicals used for phase washing-fixing agent and developer include hydroquinone, silver, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, metol, etc. Solvent-such as chloroform, trichloroethylene, chloroform, freon and other solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, acetone, nitroacetone, etc. ); Other chemical wastes include disinfectants, cleaning agents and waste oil cleaning agents.
Abandoned mercury sphygmomanometer and mercury thermometer.
The following items do not belong to medical waste
1. The packaging of disposable medical supplies such as infusion sets, syringes and infusion bags does not belong to medical waste.
2. Used infusion bottles are not medical wastes. All kinds of glass (disposable plastic) infusion bottles (bags) that are not contaminated by patients' blood, body fluids and excreta after use are not medical wastes and need not be managed according to medical wastes. However, this kind of waste cannot be used for its original purpose when it is recycled, and should be used for other purposes according to the principle of not endangering human health.
3. Waste ultraviolet lamp tubes do not belong to medical waste and can be treated as ordinary waste.
2 Medical waste classified collection, transportation and temporary storage process
Medical waste should be collected in time as required.
1 According to the categories of medical wastes, medical wastes should be placed in packages or containers that meet the standards for special packaging containers for medical wastes and the warning labels.
Before putting medical wastes into containers, the packages or containers of medical wastes should be carefully inspected to ensure no damage, leakage or other defects.
Infectious waste, pathological waste, destructive waste, pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste cannot be collected together. A small amount of pharmaceutical waste can be mixed with infectious waste, but it should be indicated on the label.
The management of abandoned narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs, radioactive drugs, toxic drugs and related wastes shall be implemented in accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations and relevant state regulations and standards.
Waste chemical reagents and waste disinfectants in chemical waste should be disposed of by specialized agencies.
6 When batches of medical devices such as thermometers and sphygmomanometers containing mercury are scrapped, they should be handed over to specialized agencies for disposal.
High-risk wastes such as culture medium, specimens, strains and virus seed preservation solution of pathogens in medical wastes shall be sterilized by pressure steam or chemically at the place where they are produced, and then collected and treated as infectious wastes.
Infectious excreta produced by isolated patients with infectious diseases or suspected patients with infectious diseases shall be strictly disinfected in accordance with state regulations, and can only be discharged into the sewage treatment system after reaching the discharge standards prescribed by the state.
9. The medical wastes generated by isolated patients with infectious diseases or suspected patients with infectious diseases shall be packed in double layers and sealed in time.
10 infectious waste, pathological waste and destructive waste put into packages or containers shall not be taken out.
When the medical waste contained in 1 1 reaches 3/4 of the package or container, effective sealing methods should be adopted to make the package or container tightly sealed.
12 when the outer surface of a package or container is polluted by infectious waste, the polluted place shall be disinfected or a layer of packaging shall be added.
13 the outer surface of each package and container containing medical waste shall be marked with warning signs, and each package and container shall be labeled in Chinese, and the contents of the Chinese label shall include: the generating unit, date of generation, category and special instructions required.
14 the collection of medical wastes shall be registered, and the registration contents shall include the source, type, weight or quantity, handover time, final destination and signature of the disposer. Registration materials shall be kept for at least 3 years.
transport
1 When transporting medical wastes, the transport personnel shall prevent the packaging or containers from being damaged, the medical wastes from being lost, leaked and spread, and the medical wastes from directly contacting the human body.
Medical waste should be transported by special means of transport that is leak-proof, spill-proof, free from sharp edges and corners, easy to handle and clean.
Before transporting medical wastes, the transport personnel shall check whether the labels, marks and seals of packages or containers meet the requirements, and shall not transport medical wastes that do not meet the requirements to temporary storage places.
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