1897 10 year129 October, Goebbels came from the family of Catholic staff in Leiter, Rhine, Germany. When he was young, his left leg shrank because of polio, and he was even refused to join the army during World War I. When he graduated from a Catholic middle school, Goebbels' graduation speech on behalf of the whole class was well received. 1921April, Goebbels received his doctorate in philosophy under the guidance of Professor Friedrich Gon Dolf, a Jewish literature historian at the University of Heidelberg.
From 65438 to 0922, Goebbels was infected by Hitler's speech and joined the Nazi Party, seeking to get ahead through political activities. Goebbels spread the platitudes of German national and racial excellence, believing that the Allies, Marxists and Jews deceived the Germans in order to win the military victory in the First World War. From 65438 to 0925, Goebbels became the party secretary of the Ruhr area of the Nazi Party, and became the main collaborator of grigori strasser, the leader of the North German faction of the Nazi Party. Goebbels founded and edited Nazi newsletters and other publications belonging to the Strass brothers. In order to win people's hearts, Goebbels and strasser brothers often made comments catering to the working people's emotions, proposing that the Nazi Party and the * * * Production Party and the Social Democratic Party jointly launched a campaign to expropriate aristocratic property, and advocated nationalizing large industries and manors. Because Hitler was extremely dissatisfied with this, Goebbels shouted "I demand that Adolf Schindler, the petty bourgeoisie, be expelled from the Nazi Party" at the Hanover meeting in June1925165438+10.
After Hitler and strasser split, Goebbels was recommended to Hitler. Hitler appreciated the orator who was good at propaganda and agitation, gave him an autographed Mein Kampf and invited Goebbels to give a speech in Munich. Goebbels was flattered to record: "I walked into the hall, and the cheers were deafening ... I talked for two and a half hours, ... and finally Hitler hugged me." 1926 In February, Goebbels completely sided with Hitler at the Nazi party conference in Bamberg. In August, Goebbels published a statement of breaking with Strass through People's Observer.
1926, 1 1 In June, Goebbels was appointed as the party secretary of the Nazi Party in Berlin-Brandenburg, responsible for cleaning up the party and reorganizing the organization, which soon made the Nazi Party in this area a powerful organization. 1927, Goebbels founded "Attack" and served as editor-in-chief to strengthen Nazi propaganda. Goebbels posted posters, published propaganda materials, organized parades, and held a commemorative meeting and large-scale lectures on the riots in Munich beer shops at the Berlin Stadium. Create the myth that the head of state is always right, portray Hitler as a "master" and induce people to blindly obey; The Fall of wiesel, written by Horst Wessel, the captain of the killed stormtroopers, was used as a Nazi song to advocate dedication to the Nazi cause. 1929, Goebbels was appointed Minister of Propaganda Department of Nazi Party.
In the presidential election of 1932, Goebbels urged Hitler to run. Goebbels and Hitler traveled all over the country, making frequent campaign speeches and inciting fanaticism among partisans. Goebbels mobilized all his troops, started the propaganda machine, and launched an unprecedented propaganda campaign with the funds raised. The Nazi Party posted 6,543.8+0000 color posters, distributed 8 million pamphlets and 6,543.8+02,000 special issues of party newspapers all over the country, and sometimes there were 3,000 mobilization meetings a day. This was the first time that movies and records were used in the presidential campaign. Although Hitler failed to win the election after two votes, the number of votes he got only doubled.
1933 1, Hitler was appointed Prime Minister by President Hindenburg and was ordered to form a cabinet. Goebbels was ecstatic and immediately "decided to fight the Red Terror with Hitler". The Third Reich soon sealed 60 newspapers of the German Production Party and 7/kloc-0 newspapers of the German Social Democratic Party, and forcibly closed the building of the Central Committee of the German Production Party. On February 27th, Goebbels and Goering conspired to create a "congressional arson case" as an excuse to persecute and suppress the German * * * production party. 1933 In March, Goebbels became the Minister of National Education and Propaganda of Nazi Germany, and spared no effort to publicize Nazi domestic and foreign policies and cultural absolutism. Goebbels believes that the only purpose of propaganda is to "conquer the people"; "Our propaganda target is ordinary people, so the propaganda arguments must be rough, clear and powerful; Truth doesn't matter, it is completely subject to sub-strategies and psychology. " The basic principle of propaganda is to keep repeating valid arguments, and lies should be spread over and over again, dressed as credible.
1On the night of May, 935, Goebbels, who had a doctorate, launched a book burning campaign in Berlin. All the books that were regarded as "destructive to our future", such as the works of Marx, Engels, Luxembourg, Liebknecht, Merlin, Heine and Einstein, were burned. Goebbels said to the students who participated in the book burning: "The souls of the German people can be displayed again. This fire not only ended the old times, but also illuminated the new era. " Goebbels thus gained the notoriety of "book burner". Goebbels exercised strict control over newspapers, radio, movies and journalists, aiming at eliminating any media opposed to the Nazi Party. The German Broadcasting Corporation and the film company also became propaganda tools for Nazi taming.
At the Wan Hu Conference, Hitler finally decided to start killing Jews all over Western Europe. From 65438 to 0935, Goebbels hosted anti-Semitic activities in Germany, declaring that "we don't want Jews anymore". Goebbels also angrily threatened: "Only by eliminating all Jews can the Jewish problem be solved. As long as there is a Jew alive, this Jew will always be the enemy of national socialist Germany. Therefore, we can't talk about tolerance and humanity to Jews. " 1938, Goebbels organized an anti-semitic movement again: heydrich, director of the Intelligence and Security Bureau, was ordered to arrest 17000 Polish Jews and expel them from the country with a stuffy tanker (10); In order to commemorate the riot in the beer shop, a "crystal night" (also called "broken glass night") was created, and all the glasses of the assembly places, houses and shops where Jews often gather were smashed (worth 5 million marks), which was wrongly called "spontaneous demonstration" by the German people. Nazi stormtroopers in brown uniforms also sang "Today, Germany is ours; Tomorrow, the whole world is ours! "
Before Nazi Germany launched the Polish War, Goebbels manipulated the propaganda machine to incite war fanaticism. The Berlin daily first warned with a headline, "Be careful of Poland!" Later, he lied that "the Polish army advanced to the edge of the German border". After Nazi Germany launched the war of aggression, the High Command established the Defence Force Propaganda Department in the War Department, which was responsible for viewing military news and compiling and publishing the Defence Force bulletin. Goebbels tried to turn the Propaganda Department of the National Defence Force into a functional department of the National Education Propaganda Department during the whole war to coordinate political propaganda and military propaganda, but failed. The struggle between Goebbels and ribbentrop for publishing rights also ended in compromise. Nevertheless, Goebbels still tried his best to make use of the propaganda tools in his hand to clamor for the fascist war, which was quite effective. Goebbels thinks that radio is the most important propaganda tool in wartime, and speech is more attractive than writing. The radio program hosted by "Lord Haha" was quite successful in publicizing Nazi war policy and influencing British public psychology. 1February 2, 943. After the German army was defeated in the Battle of Stalingrad, the city of destiny, Goebbels ordered the national entertainment venues to be closed for three days, and the traffic stopped on the first and third days 1 minute. On February 8th of the same year, Goebbels delivered a famous inflammatory speech "On Total War" to 15000 selected audience in Berlin Gymnasium. The speech lasted for 2 hours 15 minutes, which is said to be the longest speech delivered by Nazi leaders during the war. The speech ended with Theodore Kona's poem "The country stands, the storm disappears", which won thunderous applause. After the speech, Goebbels ordered the closure of luxury hotels and entertainment venues in Berlin, pretending to take the lead without spacious living rooms and high-class refreshments, and promoting them through documentaries. Goebbels often recited the history of frederick the great for Hitler, expecting the Third Reich to "turn its luck".
1June 944, Goebbels became the plenipotentiary director of the German General War Mobilization Committee. On July 20th, Hitler was murdered in Germany. Goebbels actively organized repression, timely issued radio announcements to thwart the murder and saved the dying Nazi regime. On August 24th, Goebbels issued a general mobilization order.
1945 65438+ 10, Goebbels became the commander of the Berlin city defense, advocated scorched earth and gas war, ordered the captured allied pilots to be shot, and advocated sticking to Berlin. In April, Mrs Goebbels moved to the basement of the Prime Minister's office. Hitler, who decided to commit suicide, made a will and appointed Deng Nici as President and Goebbels as Prime Minister. Goebbels wrote an appendix to the Fuehrer's political will, claiming that "I want to end my life by the Fuehrer's side" and "it is more important to set an example than to live in the hard years to come". 1 In May, the Goebbels first poisoned their six children, and then the SS shot them from behind.