Chinese book, grade six, the second volume of famous ancient poems and sentences with annotations.

Hubei Education Publishing House, the sixth grade Chinese famous sayings and epigrams (part two)

1, the past cannot be remonstrated, and those who come can still be chased.

Explanation: the past: the past; Admonishment: exhortation; Newcomers: things in the future; Jude: Still; Catch up: catch up. The past can't be redeemed, and the future can catch up. Later, it was often used as an encouraging word.

Source: The Analects of Confucius and Wei Zi

2, the industry is diligent, barren land; What I did was thought, but it was destroyed.

From Han Yu's "Persuasion". It means that learning is proficient because of diligence, but it is abandoned in laughter. Things succeed because of repeated thinking, but they can also be destroyed casually.

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a glowing heart. ([From]: Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Ocean)

It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan Xi, Xiu Yuan Xi. I'll go up and down.

From Qu Yuan's masterpiece Li Sao.

It means: there is still a long way to go in the pursuit of truth (true knowledge), but I will persevere and spare no effort to pursue and explore. I think the "repair" here should be interpreted as: (road) long. Judging from the text, "Xiu Yuan" should be a coordinate word, corresponding to "Qiu" in the next sentence.

5, abandon the sparrow's small ambition, Mu Hongyu is in the air.

Give up the small ambitions of swallows and sparrows and fly high like geese and swans.

Notes on Sparrow Ambition: The sparrow here is a metaphor for mediocrity, saying that it has a narrow vision. Honghu: Swan is a metaphor for a broad-minded person. The metaphor here is that Chen Bozhi betrayed Qi and surrendered to Liang Wudi.

Source (Southern Liang Dynasty) and Book: "The general is brave in the three armies and will be the best in the world. He will abandon the sparrow's small ambition and advocate glory. " Just for: talent, as.

6, Tian Xingjian, the gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement.

From Zhouyi

It means: the movement of heaven (that is, nature) is strong and healthy, and accordingly, a gentleman should be firm and eager to be strong; The potential of the earth is thick and slippery, and the gentleman is tolerant. A gentleman should run like Tianyu, indomitable even if he is displaced; If you are a gentleman, the measurement of objects should be like the earth, and nothing can't be carried.

7, see the micro-know the cute, see the end to know the taste.

Explain the micro: subtle; Meng: It happened. When you see the slightest sign of something, you know its development degree.

Source "Everything is wrong, in the forest"

8. Learn from the ups and downs of past lives and test the gains and losses of today.

History as a Mirror compiled by historian Sima Guang

Take the history of the rise and fall of past dynasties as a mirror to examine the advantages and disadvantages of today. ......

According to the rise and fall of ancient dynasties and corruption, judge whether what you have done is correct. ...

9, fuck a thousand songs and then know, watch a thousand swords and then recognize the device.

The source is Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long Yin Zhi.

Only by practicing thousands of songs can we know the beauty of music, and only by watching thousands of swords can we recognize the quality of swords. It is not easy to learn a skill; To be a connoisseur, you should also observe more physical objects. It is impossible to talk on paper. You have to break thousands of books to read, so that you can write like a god. Do anything, without a certain amount of experience accumulation, there will be no high attainments. Truth can only be learned through practice.

10, there is no silk and bamboo, and the landscape is clear.

Zuo Si's poem "Introduction"

You don't need an instrument to play music. You can listen to the music of nature between mountains and rivers.

Remarks: Silk generally refers to stringed instruments, bamboo instruments and wind instruments, which constitute the mainstream of Chinese traditional musical instruments.

1 1, Humayi north wind, crossing the south branch of the Bird's Nest.

Description: Huma is a northerner, so she is attached to the north wind; The Vietnamese bird comes from the south, so its nest stays in the south branch. Metaphor does not forget the roots.

Source: Han Anonymous Nineteen Ancient Poems

12, the fox died on the first hill, and his hometown was forgotten.

From Cao Cao's Yuefu poem Quedong Xi Men Xing

Animals never forget their homeland until they die, not to mention recruiters who are far away from home.

13, the knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid.

From The Analects of Confucius. Zihan

A truly wise person knows everything as soon as he gets it, and will not be confused.

The truly benevolent will not be shaken by the environment and have no worries.

A truly brave person is fearless.

14, disasters often add up, but wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. (Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Introduction to Lingguan")

It means: those catastrophes are often caused by not paying attention to small things, and capable people are also trapped by what they like. The last sentence is "not a lonely actor", which means that the emperor was hurt by his favorite actor.

15, relaxed and even Guangyu, listen to the thunder.

This is a poem by Mr. Lu Xun.

The explanation from the poem alone is that the great things you want to do in your heart are as vast as the vast universe (metaphorically, what you want to do is extremely important and important)

Go where there is no sound and feel the truth of lightning and thunder.

For example, in a better environment, you can feel the existence and value of something more truly.

16, bash one's eyebrows coldly at a thousand fingers, bow one's head as a willing ox.

Explanation: bash elbows: glare; A thousand fingers: everyone complains; Ruzi Niu: A person who is willing to serve others. Never give in to the enemy and be willing to serve the people.

Source: Lu Xun's poem "Self-mockery"

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The second volume of the sixth grade

Lin 'an Prefecture left the village in April.

Song Linsheng Tang Wang Changling Song Weng Juan

Outside the castle peak building outside the mountain, the moon in Qin dynasty was closed in Han dynasty, and the mountains were covered with white mountains and rivers.

When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop? The Long March hasn't come back yet. In the regular sound, the rain began to rain like smoke.

Warm wind makes tourists drunk, but it makes Longcheng fly. There are few idle people in the countryside in April.

Directly do Bianzhou in Hangzhou. Don't teach Huma to climb the Yinshan Mountain. Only when sericulture is planted in the field.

Watching Hui Chong's "Night Scene of the Spring River"

Wei heshi

In the wind, the horn sounded and the general was hunting outside the borehole. There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo.

The grass is yellow in autumn, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk. Spring river plumbing duck prophet.

It has passed Xinfeng City in a blink of an eye and soon returned to sunny Liu Ying. Artemisia selengensis has short buds all over the ground,

Looking back at the eagle wilderness, thousands of twilight clouds spread to the horizon. It is the time when the puffer fish wants to fuck.

On both sides of the Yellow River recovered by the imperial army, I showed my son Yu a winter night reading.

Du Fu's Land Travel in Tang and Song Dynasties

The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. The ancients learned nothing,

Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. Young people never grow old.

On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. What you get on paper is superficial,

Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . Never knew it needed doing.

Xijiang month

Song Xin qi Ji

The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches.

The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.

In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year.

In the past, Maotai Commune was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.

The above comments are for reference only (translation, can I help you? )

Topic Lin' andi

To annotate ...

1 residence: official residence, official residence.

Hugh: Stop and give up.

3 straight: simple.

④ Bianzhou: Bianliang (now Kaifeng Bianliang, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.

⑤ Warm air: This refers not only to the warm air in nature, but also to the charming "warm air" brought by singing and dancing.

⑥ Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

translate

Besides the green hills, there are also green hills and tall buildings. The tourists in the lake are all dignitaries. They play with singers and dancers all night and are addicted to paper and money. When will this situation stop? The warm spring breeze blew the tourists as drunk as a fiddler, and they got carried away. They only wanted to steal a banquet in the West Lake and actually regarded Hangzhou as Bianzhou.

Disengage plug

To annotate ...

1. Embarrassment: It is a common topic for poets in the Tang Dynasty to write poems about frontier life. Say: border pass

2. Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty, Customs in Han Dynasty: Use intertextual rhetoric, which means bright moon and customs in Qin and Han Dynasties.

3. but manufacturing: as long as.

4. Dragon City Flying General: "Dragon City": The place name is the holy land of the ancient Xiongnu. Wei Qing, a general of the Han Dynasty, once attacked Longcheng, and finally won seven out of seven battles with Xiongnu. And "Flying General" refers to the famous "Flying General of Han Dynasty" Li Guang. "Flying generals in Dragon City" does not refer to a single person, but actually refers to Li Jue and many famous anti-Hungarians in the Han Dynasty.

5. Huma: refers to the war horse of the Hu people. Hu, the ancient name of the ethnic minorities in northwest China.

6. Yinshan: The name of the mountain refers to the yinshan mountains. In today's Inner Mongolia, the Huns often invaded and occupied the Central Plains from here during the Han Dynasty, which is also the appearance of Wei Qing's tomb.

7. Don't teach: don't call, don't let. Teach, let.

8. Degree: End

translate

On the long border, the war has never stopped, but the soldiers who went to the border to fight have not returned. If General Guang and General Wei Qing were alive today, they would never let the enemy troops cross the Yinshan Mountain.

Country April

To annotate ...

Baimanchuan-refers to the water color that reflects the skylight in the river. Sichuan: mountain plains, plains and rivers.

Rules-cuckoo.

Just-just now.

Good karma-good spirits and yuanye.

Sericulture-planting mulberry and sericulture.

It's over.

Like-like.

translate

The fields on the hillside are lush, and the water color in the rice fields reflects the skylight.

The sky is misty and rainy, cuckoo birds are singing and the earth is thriving.

In April in the country, everyone is very busy.

After raising silkworms, I started farming again.

Hunting observation

To annotate ...

(1) The first poem is hunting and riding. Poems of Yuefu and Ten Thousand Poems of the Tang Dynasty were selected as five-line poems from the first four sentences of this poem, with the title of Ronghun, and the whole Tang poetry was also recorded as Ronghun in volume 5 1 1, which were all wrong.

(2) Horn bow: a bow decorated with animal horns.

(3) Weicheng: Xianyang City in Qin Dynasty, renamed Weicheng in Han Dynasty, in the northwest of Xi 'an and north of Weishui.

(4) eye disease: sharp eyes.

(5) Xinfeng City: Located in the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, it is a place rich in fine wine in ancient times.

(6) Xiliuying: In today's Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, Zhou Yafu, a famous Han Dynasty soldier, was stationed. Historian Jiang Hou Zhou Bojia: "Yafu is a general, and the army is fine." This refers to the barracks where the hunting general lives.

(7) Shooting sculptures: Hu of the Northern Qi Dynasty was proficient in martial arts. He once photographed a sculpture called "Archer". This is a compliment to the general.

(8) Twilight level: The clouds in the evening are connected with the earth.

translate

The arrow on the horn bow shot out, and the string sound roared with the wind! The hunting and horseback riding of generals and soldiers sped in the suburbs of Weicheng.

Withered weeds can't cover up sharp eagle eyes; The snow melts, and the galloping hooves are more like the wind chasing leaves.

In a blink of an eye, the hunting horse passed through Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliuying when it was stationed in the horse.

Looking back at the triumph, the place where the eagle was shot down; Thousands of miles away, the dusk clouds cover, and vilen is quiet.

Hui Chong's Night Scene of the Spring River

Hui Chong: A famous monk in the Northern Song Dynasty, who is good at poetry and painting. His painting is "Quiet by the Spring River". There are two pictures, one is a duck play and the other is a flying goose. There are also two poems by Su Shi, this one is about duck play.

Artemisia selengensis: A perennial herb growing in lowlands, with pale yellow flowers and stems four or five feet high. It is tender, crisp and edible at birth. Dictionary explanation: perennial herbs with light yellow flowers can be used as medicine.

Reed bud: the young bud of reed, which is edible.

Puffer: a kind of fish, the scientific name is Qu. Its meat is delicious, but its ovaries and liver are highly toxic. Produced in coastal areas and some inland rivers of China. Go against the current every spring and lay eggs in fresh water.

Top: refers to fish swimming against the current.

Translation:

Two or three peach blossoms are blooming outside the bamboo forest, and ducks are swimming in the water. They first noticed the warming of the river in early spring. The beach has been covered with Artemisia selengensis and asparagus has begun to sprout. This is the season when puffer fish return from the sea and lay eggs in the river.

Word annotation

(1) Smell: Listen. Official army: refers to the army of the Tang Dynasty. Receive: resume. Hebei, Henan: the rebel base during the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. In 763 AD, it was recovered by loyal ministers. Refers to the area south of the Yellow River and north of the Yellow River at that time.

(2) "Outside the sword" sentence: These words contain tears. People are far away, and the news comes so unexpectedly, and the news is a national event. How can I not be surprised and not shed tears? It is an idiom in the Tang Dynasty to call Jiannan outside the sword, Hunan outside the lake and Lingnan outside the ridge. Outside the sword gate: outside the sword gate, this refers to Sichuan. Du Fu lived in Sichuan at that time. It is also a blog. Northern Hebei: Northern Hebei.

(3) "First Smell" sentence: This is a kind of tears that hurt deeply, and it is a kind of extreme happiness and sadness.

(4) "Dan Kan" sentence: This sentence should be understood in combination with the experience of Du Fu's family. Du Fu and his wife survived and suffered enough. Now, seeing that their wives are safe (they have welcomed their families to Zizhou), they have "what is there to worry about?" . According to Bai Juyi's poem "Eight Holes in Summer Poetry", "I don't know when the distant county town will arrive, but I still hope the whole family will go here." In addition, the poem "Praise the old man and show his family" says, "Although the family is declining, the family is fortunate to be reunited." Even so, Du Fu's pleasure at this moment is even more human. But look: look again. But: Again. Wife: wife and children. Where is the sadness: where is there a little sadness?

5. Random volume: random volume (there is no hard book at this time). In other words, Du Fu can't wait to pack up and go home. Ecstasy: I'm going crazy with joy

[6] Day: Showing a good time. Sing: Sing loudly. Indulge in drinking: drink to the fullest.

⑺ "Youth" sentence: Spring return (youth is the name of wine), the future is bright, the scenery is beautiful, and there is no loneliness along the way, so it is called green spring day and I start to go home. Youth: indicates a beautiful spring. Keep company. Also known as: with his wife and children. The young people here are personified. Liu Xiyi's poem "Out of the Fort": "Guang Xiao follows the horse, and the spring scenery is accompanied by people." The following three sentences are all for the future.

(8) "Immediately after" sentence: Write down the route to return to China. That is, immediately. The canyon is dangerous and narrow, so to put it bluntly, it is easy to get out of the canyon. Therefore, it is necessary to change places from Xiangyang to Luoyang, so the word "direction" is used. People are still in Zizhou, and their hearts have flown home. I want to see Du Fu's joy at that time. Du Fu's Note: "I have a pastoral area in Tokyo (Luoyang)." -Pu's note: "There are eight poems, and their diseases are like flying. The title is only one sentence, and the feelings are full. The first poem in life "—— According to the cloud in the March 8th Book, Volume 65 of" Peaceful Magnolia ","Yan and Bai meet, and from Hanzhong to Guanghui Gate, people in Wuling, such as Ziba, are also called Bajiang, crossing the steep gorge, named Baxia. " The two rivers, namely the upper reaches of Jialing River and Dushiba Gorge, refer to this. For example, the dam of Badong Three Gorges in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is east of Wuxia, and Du's family is in Zizhou. It is not allowed to "cross Wuxia from under the dam", and there are many annotation errors. Wuxia: One of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, named after crossing Wushan Mountain.

Levies: It means "justice". Xiangyang: It belongs to Hubei now. Luoyang: Now it belongs to the ancient city of Henan.

Translation of works

Sichuan, south of Jianmenguan, suddenly heard the news of recovering northern Hebei. When I first heard the news, I was so surprised that I cried and my clothes were wet. Looking back at his wife and children, I don't know where my usual worries have gone; I rolled up my collection of poems at random, and I was almost crazy with joy. During the day, I will sing loudly and indulge myself; The beautiful spring scenery just accompanied me back to my hometown. We'll set off at once, take a boat from the dam, cross the Wuxia, go downstream to Xiangyang, Hubei, and then go north from Xiangyang to Luoyang.

To annotate ...

Indications: instructions, instructions.

(Yu): Lu You's youngest son.

Learning: refers to reading and learning, that is, learning.

Legacy: reservation

Try your best: try your best, without reservation, spare no effort, do your best.

Youth: adolescence.

Time: Time spent (doing things).

Start: Only.

Paper: books.

Finally: After all.

Sleep: feel, feel.

Shallow: shallow, shallow.

Know nothing: a deep and thorough understanding.

Good: practice.

Bow (gūng) line: personal practice.

1 The ancients spared no effort in learning.

Often you start working hard in your teens, and you will get something when you are old.

The knowledge gained from books is always simple, and you can't feel the truth of knowledge.

To truly understand the truth in the book, you must practice it yourself.

Xijiang month

To annotate ...

1. Huangsha: Huangsha Ridge, in the west of Shangrao, Jiangxi. Huangsha Road: refers to a country road about 20 kilometers from Maodian in the village to Huangshaling in Dawu Village. During the Southern Song Dynasty, it was a prosperous official road, which went straight to Shangrao ancient city, to Shangrao in the east and to lead (salt) mountain county in Jiangxi Province in the west.

2. "Bright Moon" sentence: Su Shi's poem "Er Yun Jiang Ying Shu" says: "Bright Moon Surprises Magpie."

3. Don't scare the magpie: scare the magpie away from the branches.

4. cicada: cicada calls.

5. Old times: the past.

6. Maodian: a country inn built of thatch.

7. Social forest: Woods near the Land Temple. Society, land temple. In ancient times, there were community trees in the village, which were sacred places, so they were called community forests.

8. See: same as "now", appear, appear.

9. suddenly see: suddenly appear, referring to a small shop that suddenly appears.

10. Xijiangyue: epigraph name

1 1. Huangsha Road at night: inscription.

12. Don't scare the magpie: disturb the magpie to fly away from the branch.

13. Year: year.

14. Listen: Listen.

15. Beyond the sky: beyond the horizon

Modern translation

Jiang Ting is walking on a country road.

The moon came out and alarmed the magpies on the branches.

In the gently blowing night wind, cicadas are heard from time to time.