According to records, the actions of the Germans, especially the SS and the Civil Affairs Bureau, in Eastern Europe are recognized as extremely despicable. They especially mistreated Jews, Gypsies, Poles and Soviet prisoners of war. This behavior was deliberately carried out according to the policy of the German government. However, what the Soviets did, whether in Germany in 1945, in the Baltic countries in 1940 or in Poland in 1939, was as appalling as the Germans. Soviet soldiers are often primitive, barbaric and cruel, and only the threat of severe punishment can restrain them. This restriction was lifted as soon as they left the Soviet border. This is the arrogance of the Soviet rulers and the Soviet system. They think that non-Soviet citizens belong to an unprotected, powerless and inferior race. Throughout the war, it was the special task of the political commissar or political representative to instill in the soldiers the idea of extreme hatred of the Germans. Some propaganda is based on facts, while others are all lies. When the Soviet army approached the German border, it strengthened this propaganda and informed the troops as a policy that private property and German women should belong to them, and they were not legally responsible for civil crimes committed in Germany. Writer Iria ehrenburg used her talent to promote this racial hatred. The army and national newspapers warned Soviet soldiers not to forgive German residents. At present, the potential reasons for this policy cannot be explained exactly. It has been suggested that the intention of the Soviet Union is to create terror, so that German residents in the area east of the Oder-Nice River (which will become new Poland) can flee their hometown and leave the towns and farms to the Poles. Such purposes and means are at least logical, but this view is also untenable. Because the atrocities of the Soviet Union have spread to the Elbe River, and they continue to happen in the weeks or even months after the war. It is more likely that this evil and terrible policy, like Hitler's, is based on both material and emotional factors, and it is also in line with the characteristics of the dictatorship that formulated this policy. Stalin's main purpose is not only to retaliate against the German government and economy, but also to retaliate against all the German people.
Obviously, around this time, Churchill obviously began to have serious doubts about the nature of his Soviet allies. He specifically mentioned a conversation with Stalin. During the conversation, the dictator said that the Soviet Union would need 4 million German laborers and stay in the Soviet Union indefinitely. Stalin talked with him about the collective elimination of 50 thousand German prisoners of war officers. The dictator's attitude is very cold. Churchill recalled afterwards and wondered if he was joking. Churchill also specifically mentioned what he called the terrible crimes committed by Soviet troops in Europe.
Most German residents in Pomerania have stayed in the same place because they can't escape, or because they have taken root in this land. People always look on the bright side, hoping that the reports of Soviet atrocities will be exaggerated and that the situation may return to normal after a few days of occupation. If they knew what they were going to suffer (and then were forced to be exiled to the east or the west), no one would stay. Before the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the People's Committee firmly established their own control mode, the Soviet army and the Polish producers who followed them did not have certain norms except looting and fooling around. German * * * producers, some real, some self-proclaimed and brave proletarian members greeted their Soviet brothers with red flags and were treated most rudely. Many people were robbed of valuables and boots and then knocked down with gun butts. Hospitals were attacked, doctors were killed and nurses were raped. The injured are sometimes hit on the head or thrown out of high windows. In some towns, anyone in uniform or holding public office-mayor, his subordinates, police, postman, railway official, forest ranger, etc. -Immediately. In some cases, the killing even involved party member, the producer of * * *; In other towns, officials are spared from death. Nobles, country gentlemen and priests who own land are sometimes searched and killed in the most cruel way. It is reported that some victims were blinded, amputated or dismembered. Men and women are dragged to death behind horses, and raped women are sometimes killed, sometimes affecting girls under the age of ten. Rape is not necessarily carried out by soldiers in private, but sometimes it is an organized activity: women are rounded up in groups, locked up in military camps or public buildings for a week at a time, and then thrown into the street to make room for more women. Soviet soldiers who have little interest in slaughter, abuse and rape are often capricious, and sometimes shoot German men or women for a trivial matter or nothing at all.
Soon, exile began. The notice was posted, ordering all men to work as laborers and build bridges and railways destroyed by the evacuated German army. The notice asked them to bring two sets of replacement clothes and fourteen days' food. This is an invitation to Siberia. Many Germans embarked on this long journey, and many others refused to leave and hid. When this invitation fails to recruit candidates, it is inevitable that both men and women will start to hunt for sex. However, this round-up they carried out was extremely arbitrary. Sometimes when people walk in the street, they will be rounded up without warning and taken away in a line. Presumably, they were taken to labor camps in the Soviet Union because they were never seen or heard of again. Others were taken from one end of Pomerania to the other, and the stragglers were killed on the spot. Then, for an unexplained reason, these survivors were brought back and released until the next round.
The Soviet army is arbitrary and capricious, and its behavior rarely shows logic. It is said that when a Pomeranian family returned to their hometown of Stolbo, they found their house occupied by Soviet troops. These Soviet troops performed well and were civilized. They told the family that they could take back the house after the troops left. When the family moved back a few days later, they found three Germans dead in the cellar, and the other died in the outhouse. There are also cases in which the Soviet army performed well, and there are also cases in which the Soviet army protected the German army from the vengeful Poles and Russians. There are also cases in which Poles protected Germans from Soviet troops. At the same time, keitel, who was in Berlin, knew everything that happened in the occupied area like the back of his hand. He lamented that he had lost his leader, frightened German civilians and lost his former bravery. The hero now is a despised Polish slave worker. They have neither ties nor property, and nothing can be lost except one life. They soon fought against the raped and plundered Russians.
Soviet historians tried to cover up these crimes afterwards. They either claimed that it had never happened except for isolated incidents, or drew attention to the terrible sacrifices that Britain and the United States caused to innocent people when they bombed Germany. It is useless to defend the war between Germany, Russia or Britain and America or to try to share the responsibility. The truth of Soviet occupation must be recorded.
Soviet troops approached and entered Silesia, prompting German residents to flee in large numbers. 1944 of the 4.7 million residents who were registered in February, only 620,000 people remained in occupied Silesia by the middle of April the following year. Like Gevorguff and Nice, breslau was also designated as a fortress. The first commander of the fortress was von alfin, and the second commander was Niehoff. When the Soviets besieged breslau, the German 17 and 269 infantry divisions were ordered to break through and meet the main force, leaving only 609 infantry divisions and a miscellaneous army composed of small troops and task forces in the fortress. The 609th Infantry Division was established in Dresden only a few weeks ago. All the officers in the division, except the division commander, only one has worked in the staff department of the division. The three regiments of the division are composed of various task forces. Some soldiers are from the 269th Infantry Division, some are stragglers of the Army and SS, and some are teachers and students of the police and military schools. In addition, there is an SS emergency group formed by the training department, a ground service group of the German Air Force and three mixed armies. The fortress artillery formation has 32 artillery companies, equipped with guns from Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland, Yugoslavia and Italy. Wei 'e troops have no tanks, only one company 15 assault guns. Most of these guns have different models and different main weapons. This mixed force is supported by 38 battalions of the People's Emergency Force, each with about 400 people.
These most hopeless troops resisted all attacks and guarded breslau until the end of the war. They laid down their arms only after the rest of the German army surrendered. The defenders of the city are still stubbornly resisting, and propaganda and rumors support their spirit. Hitler, Goebbels and local governor Hank also encouraged them to say that the German propaganda machine deliberately spread false news to the garrison. Soldiers and residents firmly believe that breslau is like a fortress or breakwater in the Red Sea, and reinforcements will eventually come. They repelled all the attacks. In fact, even if Hitler had the means, it is doubtful whether he would rescue breslau. Some people still pinned their hopes on the Fuehrer, while others pinned their hopes on the new magic weapon that Hitler expected. Rumors are everywhere. Some defenders expect German troops to come to the rescue, while others expect American troops to come to the rescue once the enemy alliance collapses. 17 troops have been silent for several weeks on the main defense line between Strego and Strum, and residents can hear the rumble of distant gunfire at night. This naturally inspired their fighting spirit. The enemy of Kaiserstras, located on the north bank of the river, has been wiped out. It was transported as a resupply airstrip and part of two paratroopers' infantry battalions were sent to the city. In this way, they persisted for nearly three months, and 29,000 of the 35,000 defenders,1.5,000 of the People's Emergency Force and 80,000 residents died. Most of them are untrained and have no combat experience. They study while playing in the ruins. It is estimated that in this way, they contained seven Soviet divisions in the besieged city. On May 6, Gruzdov, commander of the Soviet Sixth Army, issued a surrender condition to the besieged guarding city troops signed by him and his chief of staff Cynthia Phaneuf (without the name of the political commissar of the Central Military Commission), to ensure personal safety, medical care, keeping the private property of the guarding city troops and residents, and repatriating prisoners as soon as the war was over.
The Soviet Union did not meet any of the above surrender conditions.
After the Soviet Union conquered Berlin, it committed appalling atrocities. Many women recalled the situation at that time and said that wherever the army went, it not only burned and looted, but also shouted "Fraukomm". They went door-to-door to collect German women, from underage girls to middle-aged women, and committed collective rape and gang rape. Many women died tragically because of atrocities, and some committed suicide because of humiliation. The remaining prime of life was taken back to Siberia for hard labor and became living war reparations. Soviet officer Solzhenitsyn recalled: The luckiest were the German women who were shot but not raped. Another historian estimates that 1945 from April 24th to May 5th, nearly 500,000 women in East Germany around Berlin were raped by Red Army officers and soldiers, accounting for 30% of the total. The total number of German women raped by Soviet Red Army soldiers in World War II exceeded 5 million. After World War I, more than 2 million people were raped in a quarter of Poland, resulting in the death of 240,000 raped women.
Note: During World War II, after the publication of the book on the rape of German women by the Soviet Red Army, many victims who were silent for more than 50 years broke their silence. The victims included the wife of former German Chancellor Kohl, who committed suicide on 200 1. When she was only 12 years old, she was raped by the Red Army at the same time as her mother.
In the "liberation" of Budapest. During the whole siege, 0/3,000 residents of Budapest/Kloc died in the war, 25,000 died of hunger, and more than 25,000 people were executed or killed by the "Arrow Cross" guerrillas. In addition, in order to excuse Stalin's long-term attack on Budapest (they explained to Stalin that Budapest had/kloc-0.8 million defenders). More than 50,000 civilians were captured as "prisoners of war" (the Soviet army asked Hungarian civilians to put captured German coats on their bodies, so these civilians became "German fascist prisoners of war", and most of the truly captured German soldiers were shot on the spot immediately after being captured), of which13,000 people never returned to their homes. During the entire Budapest campaign, the total number of civilian casualties (including Jews) was as high as 76,000!
In addition, due to the heavy casualties in the besieged city, the Soviet Red Army also carried out cruel "retaliatory" atrocities against civilians after the city was broken: robbery, beatings, forced prostitution and even deliberate shooting occurred from time to time. In addition, they also expelled overseas missions and personnel on a large scale. The following excerpt is from an investigation report drafted by about 60 Swiss consulate staff in Budapest on May 24, 1945: "... during the siege of Budapest and the tragic days that followed, Russian troops plundered the whole city. They broke into almost every resident's house-whether the owner was rich or poor, they took everything they wanted, especially food, clothes and valuables. Shops have been ransacked several times, and large items such as furniture or art can't be taken away, so they are destroyed at will. In most cases, houses are burned after being robbed ... Generally speaking, robbery of civilians in Russia is extremely common, but it is not always completely "systematic"-for example, a person is robbed of all his pants, but his coat is left behind. The Russian army even has a squad dedicated to searching for valuables. They use magnetic mine detectors and trained military dogs to search for gold, silver and other metal objects. ...
"Rape has become the most cruel atrocity against Hungarian civilians, and its scale is extremely extensive-women from/kloc-0 to 70 years old can hardly escape, and many women commit suicide to get rid of disasters ... Even after the disciplinary ban is promulgated, Russian soldiers will still patrol the houses where women live from time to time, and then they will be violent to them at night and beat anyone who resists ... More tragically, many Russian soldiers are still suffering from various diseases. In addition, drugs in the city have completely disappeared, which has deepened the suffering of the victims ... Even some Russian women serving in the Red Army or the military and police forces have committed xx crimes, and Hungarian men who disobeyed their wishes have also been beaten by them ... Up to now (end of March 1945), about 5,000 Hungarian women have died or committed suicide due to rape in Budapest. ...
"All Germans in Budapest, from 2 to 70 years old, have been transported to the Soviet Union, and their fate is unknown ... It is said that 3.7% of Berlin children born in 1945 have Russian fathers.