Born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Wang Anshi has little reading, strong memory and a good education. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has served as a member of the same school twice to publicize the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). His political reform had a far-reaching impact on the social economy in the early Song Dynasty, and was characterized by modern changes. He was praised by Lenin as "1/kloc-0, the greatest reformer in China in the century".
Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, thinker, but also an outstanding writer. In order to realize his political ideal, he closely linked literary creation with political activities, emphasizing that the role of literature lies in serving the society first. He opposed the vague and powerless style of Yang Yi and Liu Yun of Quincy School, and thought that "the so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world." The so-called resignation, there are still sculptures. Really be a clever fairy China, there is no need to apply it; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be application-oriented and painting-oriented. "It is precisely because Anshi regards the concept of" application "of" serving the world "as the foundation of literary creation that his works reveal the drawbacks of the times, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Today, there are Wang Linchuan's collections, Linchuan's collections and Mr. Linchuan's songs.
Wang Anshi was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is vigorous and concise, extraordinary and steep. Most of them are essays in the form of books, tables, notes, preface, etc., which explain political opinions and opinions and serve the reform and innovation. These articles have clear views and profound analysis on current political or social issues. Long articles are horizontal but not concise, short ones are broken but not detailed. Quotations from Emperor Ren Shang is a masterpiece advocating social change. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the diplomatic dilemma of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, it put forward a complete political reform proposal, which showed the author's progressive thought of "ruling the country from the people's diseases". "Nothing happened in this century", while describing and explaining the peace situation and reasons in the early Song Dynasty for more than 100 years, pointedly pointed out the social problems that were in danger at that time, expecting religious sects to make favorable political achievements and thinking that "today is the time to make great achievements." It played the overture of the government, which began in the second year. Answering Sima Zhi's remonstrance, he refuted Sima Guang's accusation that the new law invaded officials, caused trouble, demanded benefits and refused to remonstrate. It is short and clear, and its wording is appropriate, which reflects the author's firm and principled statesmanship. An Shi's political essays, whether long or short, are rigorous in structure, excellent in thinking, thorough in reasoning and concise in language. "Just one or two sentences can sweep away a large number of others" (Liu Xizai's Yi Jian and Wen Jian), which has strong generality and logic. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting the political reform and consolidating the achievements of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some of Anshi's essays, such as GunShuo, Reading Biography, Biography of Book Assassin, Shang, etc., are well-known, with strong comments on characters, sharp writing style and rich feelings, giving people a fresh and clear feeling. He also has a part of landscape travel prose "The Creation of the City Pit Courtyard", which is concise, lively and labor-saving, just like Liu Zongyuan; A trip to Baochan Mountain not only records a trip, but also is very meaningful. The two are closely and naturally combined. Even if the abstract truth is vivid, it adds ideological depth to the specific notes and makes the layout flexible and tortuous.
Wang Anshi's poems can be roughly divided into early and late periods, with obvious differences in content and style. Gong Jing was less confident, so poetic language was just what he wanted, and he was no longer more tolerant ... Later, he became a group of shepherds, made a fake collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty from the Song Dynasty, and studied extensively and took it. In his later years, he began to go all out. "(Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua). The early poems are good at reasoning and have obvious tendencies, involving many important and sharp societies. The problem noticed the sufferings of the lower classes and made an unfair voice for them. Feelings, mergers, reinforcements, etc. Describe and prompt the weakness of the national situation or the corruption of internal affairs in the Song Dynasty from the political, economic and military aspects, point out the harm of land annexation by big landlords and businessmen to the country and the people, and put forward the suggestion of "elite soldiers"; "Collecting Salt" and "Hebei People" reflect the tragic experience of the people being oppressed by the rulers at that time. "In the Examination Room" and "Examination Paper" directly criticized the imperial examination system of giving scholars poems, requiring the use of talents who can contribute to the country; "Yuan Ri" and "Song Yuanfeng" enthusiastically eulogized the new atmosphere and people's joy brought by the political reform; Shang Yang and Jia Sheng, etc. By evaluating the merits and demerits of historical figures, their new viewpoints and progressive significance are expressed. An Shi's seclusion in his later period brought about changes in his poetry creation. He lingered and reveled in the countryside, with a narrow theme, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems, expressing a leisurely interest. But artistic expression is perfect. "Elegant and exquisite, vulgar, every irony will sink between the teeth and cheeks. Poems such as The Story of Poems in the Back of the Mountain, Boating in Guazhou, Flowers on the River, Plum Blossoms and Mr. Yin's Wall in the Book Lake are carefully observed, exquisitely carved, with distant and fresh artistic conception, showing praise and love for the beauty of nature, and have always been told by people.
As far as the poetic style is concerned, Anshi's ancient poems mostly use classics and arguments, but like Qu and Taoyuan Xing, they have novel ideas, rich feelings and rich imagination. Rhyme, on the other hand, is steady and appropriate, but sometimes it is inevitable to lose too much carving. Five musts and seven musts are especially famous. "Wang Banshan has many styles and is good at quatrains" (Hanting Poem) and "Gong Jing's quatrains are amazing in the world" (Boat House Poem). His poems have great influence on contemporary and later generations, and are called "Wang Gong Jing Style" (Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang).
Wang Anshi wrote about twenty poems today. Although he is not a famous poet, his "works are elegant and wash away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Yi Ci Qu"). The word "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" reveals the decadent life of the ruling class in the Six Dynasties by describing the magnificent scenery and homesickness of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and is known as the swan song of ancient times. Coupled with Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" and "Qiu Lai's Unique Scenery", Su Dongpo's bold voice was opened, which had a good influence on later ci circles.
From the literary point of view, Anshi's works have made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, An Shi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are also some poems about Buddhism, which are obscure and dry, but they are also a star in the history of China's poetry. [Edit this paragraph] VII. Historical counterexample 1. Mozart's father also toured all over the country with his son since he was a child, enjoying the scenery around the country, cultivating his sentiments, signing photos, including many royal aristocrats and dignitaries, and meeting many skilled folk artists and wandering piano players, making continuous progress in exchanges.
Everyone is familiar with the story of Kong Rong in the Three Kingdoms period. One day, a group of guests came to visit their home. Everyone praised Kong Rong's cleverness, but only one senior official dismissed it. The official said that "youth is desirable, but not necessarily good", implying that Kong Rong will not be smart when he grows up. Seven-year-old Kong Rong retorted: "If you want to be young, you must be young." The senior official was ashamed and embarrassed and ran away. Later, they became good friends with Kong Rong, and therefore became the younger generation of Kong Rong's father, although they were originally peers. [Edit this paragraph] VIII. After reading it, I feel that Fang Zhongyong, who was brilliant as a child, was "lost in the crowd" before he was twenty years old!
After reading this article, I can't help hurting it.
I "hurt" Fang Fu, who is ignorant and greedy for cheap. Because of his "ignorance", he indirectly killed a talent.
I "hurt" Zhong Yong, who went with the flow and "wandered around the city" all day. Because he is an "unacceptable person", he directly ruined his good future.
Fang Zhongyong described in this article acted like a child prodigy at the age of five, but he got lost later, which is regrettable and worrying. As the saying goes, "if a jade is not cut, it will be useless" and "if you don't learn, it will be useless". The reason is clear enough-even if a person's innate conditions are no matter how good, he will become an ordinary person who has accomplished nothing the day after tomorrow. Fang Zhongyong is a typical example. If Fang Zhongyong firmly changed "don't study" to "I want to learn", it would be another scene. People will not "hurt Zhong Yong", but "praise Zhong Yong" and "learn from Zhong Yong" ...
I think, if I were Fang Zhongyong, I would give full play to my unique innate advantages, constantly enrich myself, accumulate wealth, make myself have inexhaustible knowledge and implement the "sustainable development strategy".
If I were Fang Zhongyong, I would know the truth of "hard work, but not leisure" and take "genius = 99% sweat+1% inspiration" as my motto to remind myself at all times. Even if you make small achievements, you are not complacent and complacent, but study harder and let yourself "go up a storey still higher".
After reading the text Shang Zhong Yong, I understand a truth: jade is rough and abrasive; People who don't learn and don't know righteousness, even if a person's innate conditions are no matter how good, will become an ordinary person who has accomplished nothing the day after tomorrow.
Emphasize the importance of learning the day after tomorrow.
Overall grasp
Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper illustrates the importance of acquired education to success. The article is divided into two parts: the narrative part describes that Fang Zhongyong was gifted when he was a child, but because his father "refused to learn", he eventually "disappeared from everyone" and became mediocre; The discussion part shows the author's point of view, pointing out that the decline of talents in Fang Zhongyong is due to "being influenced" and emphasizing the importance of acquired education. Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper explains the universal truth and gives people profound thinking.
The language of this article is very accurate. In the narrative part, a short 150 words completely describe the changing process of Fang Zhongyong from five to twenty years old, while in the discussion part, there are only 70 words. Every word and sentence in the text has its exact expressive function, which is not dispensable. For example, in the first paragraph, the first sentence explains the native place, identity, name and family background, which is not only an essential general introduction, but the word "Li Shigeng" is the necessary foreshadowing for "not knowing books and tools" and "not learning skills", which not only sets off Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, but also implies the family background that caused his fate; The word "crow" vividly describes the modality of Fang Zhongyong children asking for books and tools; The three adverbs of "suddenly", that is, "stand up", make the image of a gifted and quick-thinking child prodigy jump from the page; Sun Ban Zhong Yonghuan demoted to the city people ",just one sentence depicts the sad ignorance of Fang Zhongyong's father who is greedy for small profits and complacent; The word "unlearned" seems dull, but it indicates the change of Fang Zhongyong and points out the key to change the fate of Fang Zhongyong. The second narrative is very brief, with only one "look", one "smell" and one "ask" to explain Fang Zhongyong's later changes and ending. The discussion part at the end is concise and profound, and the reasoning is rigorous. We can observe and taste the characteristics of this language word for word.
The language of this article is plain and emotional. This article, entitled "Hurting Zhong Yong", describes what can be hurt and how to be hurt. Between the lines, it reveals the author's regret that a child prodigy finally "disappeared from everyone's face" and the sorrow of those who "suffered from heaven" but "suffered from people", and shows the author's point of view with a clear attitude.
Second, the problem research
1. Why does this article detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong first appeared?
This article describes in detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong's talent first appeared. This arrangement implies the main idea of the article and accords with the author's intention.
Wang Anshi wrote this article to illustrate the importance of "the recipient", that is, the acquired education, with Fang Zhongyong as a negative textbook. The word "injury" in the title has revealed this. "Hurt" means sadness and pity. Why did the author "hurt" Zhong Yong? Because of Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, he was "unappreciated by others" and eventually "lost everyone". But this is not caused by Zhong Yong himself, and Zhong Yong can't be blamed, because he is a child after all and can't control his own destiny. This is caused by his greedy and short-sighted father. In the first paragraph, the article describes in detail the scene when Zhong Yong's talent first appeared. There are two clues: one is from describing the sudden appearance of Fang Zhongyong's talent to his growing popularity; Another article tells the story of Zhong Yong's father who discovered his son's talent and used his son's talent as a means of profit. The intention of this writing is: first, it shows that "Zhong Yong knows the general situation" is indeed a "lucky day" with innate factors; On the other hand, it was during this period that the seeds of decline were sown, that is, "the father benefited nature, and the day shift Zhong Yong was surrounded by local people, so that it was not allowed to study", indicating that Zhong Yong did not receive normal acquired education. As for the decline or even loss of Zhong Yong when he grew up, it was the inevitable result of "being unlearned". Of course, needless to say. The narrative part already contains the truth to be explained, so it is needless to say the discussion part.
2. What role does the phrase "I've been listening for a long time" play in this narrative?
The narrative of this paper adopts the way of seeing and remembering, the first paragraph is "smelling", and the second paragraph is "seeing" and then "smelling". It describes Fang Zhongyong's debut at the age of five, his decline at the age of 12 or 13, and the ending of "disappearing from the crowd" seven years later, which shows that Fang Zhongyong can change in three stages. The narrative is coherent and clear, with compact details, concentrated content and clear meaning. This way of watching and recording also brought Fang Zhongyong into contact with "I", which was full of life breath and gave people a real feeling. The narrative part of the article integrates three paragraphs of "smell", "see" and "smell" in chronological order, and the turning sentence is "long-heard" sentence. The word "zhi" in this sentence is a link between the past and the future, which refers to the situation in the period when Zhong Yong talents first appeared; The words "smell" and "for a long time" indicate that the author has not been in his hometown for a long time, and only learned from rumors that he has never seen Zhong Yong-this last point is implied in the whole sentence. If this point is made clear, the whole sentence should be "I have heard about it for a long time, but I have not seen him." In this way, it is natural to say "see" in the future. It can be seen that the sentence "I have heard for a long time" uses two meanings: one is bright and the other is dark, to realize the transformation of context.
3. How to understand the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient"?
The last discussion part is reasonable. The author thinks that Zhong Yongzhi's General Studies is a book that picks up people from heaven, and the reason for the decline of its talent is that those who pick up people don't come, which leads to a feeling that those who are less talented than Fang Zhongyong will be even more unimaginable if they don't pick up people. This passage discusses things step by step, distinguishes the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient", and makes people deeply feel the importance of "recipient".
By "connecting with the sky", the author refers to people's talents; "Recipient" refers to the acquired education. The author thinks that the latter is more important, that is, the acquired education is crucial to a person's success, which is undoubtedly correct. It should be noted here that the "recipient" refers to the acquired education that people receive, not their own acquired learning and subjective efforts (Fang Zhongyong could not study and work hard because of his father's "refusal to learn"). These are two different issues, and the latter is beyond the scope of this article. But we can get inspiration from it, which is helpful for us to understand the relationship between human talent and acquired learning and subjective efforts.